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Knowing about brain chemistry can actually harm our happiness.
A．YES
B．NO
C．NOT GIVEN
答案
更多“Knowing about brain chemistry can actually harm our happiness.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN”相关的问题
第1题
根据短文的内容回答，下列题目
How We Form. First Impression
(1) We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why？ Why do we form. an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her--aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
(2) The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person&39;s eyes, ears,nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously process incoming sensory information——the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals "mean".
(3) If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says "familiar and safe". If you see someone new, it says, "new-potentially, threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other "known" memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity,gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, "This is new. I don&39;t like this person." Or else, "I&39;m intrigued." Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures--like your other friends; so your brain says: "I like this person." But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong.
(4) When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form. of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.
Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people--their history, interest, values,strengths, and true character--we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
(5) However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person&39;s character, we use a different, more mature style. of thinking——and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
Paragraph 2 __________ 查看材料
A.Ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B.Comment on first impression
C.Illustration of first impression
D.Comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E.Threatening aspect of first impressions
F.Differences among Jocks， Geeks and Freaks
第2题
How We Form. First Impression
1．We all have first impression of someone we just met．But why？ Why do we form. an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits(特征)？
2．The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world．Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits， even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes， ears， nose or mouth are placed in relation to each other， that it makes you see him or her as different．In fact， your brain continuously processes incoming sensory (感官的) information-- the sights and sounds of your world．These incoming“signals” are compared against a host of (许多 )“memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex(大脑皮层)system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
3．If you see someone you know and like at school， your brain says “familiar and safe”．If you see someone new， it says， “new-potentially threatening”．Then your brainstarts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories．The height, weight, dress, ethnicity(种族特点), gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up．The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new．I don’ like this person: ” Or else,“I am intrigued．”Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures like your other friends； so your brain says, “I like this person．” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
4．When we stereotvpe〔对……产生成见〕people, we use a less mature form. of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic(过分简单化的)and categorical impressions of others．Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people -- their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character -- we categorize them as jocks(骗子), geeks (傻瓜), or freaks(怪人).
5．However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like， If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different,more mature style. of thinking--and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane(有人清味的).
第 27 题
A．Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impression
B．Comment on First Impression
C．Illustra titlon of First Impression
D．Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories
E．Threatening Aspect of First Impression
F．Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks
Paragraph 2_____
第3题
阅读理解：请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。HowWeFormFirstImpression。Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy？Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits？Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits.Evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortex(皮质)systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean”.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe”.Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“newandpotentiallythreatening”.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerswithother“known”memories.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew,Idon’tlikethisperson”Orelse,“I’mintrigued(好奇的)”.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:“Ilikethisperson”.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong.Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks(骗子),peeks(反常的人),orfreaks(怪人).However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.
Our first impression of someone new is influenced by his or her______.
A.past experience.
B.character.
C.facial features.
D.hobbies.
第4题
psychologists have puzzled over more than half a century: social conformity. The study 【M2】______
was based on a famous series of laboratory experiment from the 1950's by a social psy 【M3】______
chologist, Dr. Solomon Asch. In those early studies, the subjects were shown two cards.
On the first was a vertical line. On the second were three lines, one of them the same length
with that on the first card. Then the subjects were asked to say which two lines were 【M4】______
like, something that most 5-year-olds could answer correctly. But Dr. Asch added a twist. 【M5】______
Seven other people, in cahoots with the researchers, also examined the lines and gave
their answers before the subjects did. And sometimes these confederates unconsciously 【M6】______
gave the wrong answer. Dr. Asch was astonished at what happened next.. After thinking 【M7】______
hard, three out of four subjects agreed with the incorrect answers given by the confederates 【M8】______
at least once. And one in four conformed 50 percent of the time. Dr. Asch, who died
in 1996, always wondered about the findings. Did the people who gave in to group do so
knowing that their answers was right？ Or did the social pressure actually change their
perceptions？ The researchers found that social conformity showed up in the brain like 【M9】______
activity in regions that are entirely devoted to perception. But independence of judgment
m standing up for one' s beliefs M showed up as activity in brain areas involved in emotion,
the study found, suggesting that there be a cost for going against the group. 【M10】______
【M1】
第5题
Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Close to Finding a Cure？
First described in 1906 by Dr.Alois Alzheimer, Alzheimer s disease is the most common form. of dementia, accounting for around 60%–80% of cases.It is characterized by problems with memory, thinking and behavior.Onset is most common in individuals aged 65 and over, although people in their 40s and 50s can develop what is classed as early - onset Alzheimer’s.
Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, meaning memory loss is mild in the beginning, but it worsens over time to the extent that individuals are unable to have conversations or respond to their surroundings.There are treatments that have been approved by the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Alzheimer’s.For example, cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can help treat memory and thinking problems.But these drugs just help manage the symptoms; there is currently no cure for the disease.
Current Alzheimer’s prevalence in the US makes it the 6th leading cause of death, killing more than half a million seniors every year.To put this in perspective, Alzheimer’s disease currently kills more people each year than prostate cancer and breast cancer combined.There is no doubt that scientists across the world are working hard to find ways to prevent, treat and cure this debilitating condition.Hardly a day goes by without coming across a report about how scientists restored memory and learning deficits in Alzheimer’s mouse models, how vitamin D deficiency could increase the risk of developing dementia, and how DNA methylation in the brain is linked to Alzheimer’s.But what have these studies taught researchers about Alzheimer’s so far？
Preventing and Targeting Plaques and Tangles
As with all diseases, knowing exactly what causes Alzheimer’s is key to identifying ways to prevent and treat the condition.Past research has indicated that Alzheimer’s occurs when two abnormal brain structures — plaques and tangles —damage and kill nerve cells, causing the memory, thinking and behavioral problems associated wit
1.Dementia is not a single disease in itself, but a general term to describe symptoms of impairment in memory, communication, and thinking.()
2.The FDA - approved drugs, like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, can cure Alzheimer’s disease.()
3.chronic sleep deprivation may cause these abnormal brain structures.()
4.Tangles are fragments of a protein called beta - amyloid, which build up in areas between nerve cells.()
5.As a result of Alzheimer’s research, there are an array of drugs in development that scientists believe have great potential to effectively treat the disease.()
第6题
The concept of Emotional Intelligence (EQ or EI) was first defined by Peter Salovey and John Mayer, but it became(1)popular after Daniel Goleman published his bestseller Emotional Intelligence in 1995．A(2)of emotional intelligence is "knowing how you and others feel and what to do about it".
The control center of our emotions is a small part of our brain called the amygdala (扁桃核). It scans incoming signals from our sensory organs (eyes, ears, etc.) and(3)the emotional alarm center of our body. When it(4)a condition that we hate, that we fear, or that could hurt us, it(5)an immediate response from the other parts of our brain that control our actions. The amygdala's(6)web of neural connections allows it,(7)an emotional emergency, to take control of much of the rest of the brain, including the rational mind. This(8)why we sometimes do things "without thinking",(9)closing our eyes just before a flying bug hits our face or losing our control during the course of a quarrel.
In fact, the importance of EQ for individual success has(10)as a hot topic over the past decade. Many organizations are beginning to realize the importance of EQ and have started to(11)the aspects of EQ that are most essential to success.(12)this is done, they are able to use formal assessment tools to(13)strong candidates.
It is easy to see how EQ can 14 on performance as an individual contributor.(15)the increasing importance of teams in today's working world, it is obvious that any role that requires teamwork relies heavily(16)interpersonal insight and proficiency. Even the smartest, most experienced workers can have a(n)(17)impact on team performance if they fail to find ways to get along with others. In a more solitary role like sales, individuals still need to(18)high EQ to recognize how a potential customer is feeling. Success often depends on the ability to identify the customer's needs. Those better equipped to(19). frustration and pressure may be(20)to make mistakes or become injured through poor decision-making.
第7题
How they work no one knows. But the brain rules the body in many subconscious ways, including its control of the body's major hormones and its subtle influence over the immune system. So it's possible that, in ways yet unknown, expectations about health or disease are sometimes translated in to a bodily reaction that fulfils them. The power of these effects is hard to overstate.
A rule of thumb is that 30 percent of patients in the placebo half of a drug trial (i. e. those who unknowingly receive a dummy pill instead of the real thing) will experience all improvement in symptoms. But the proportion may be much higher. Just like real drugs, placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses. Patients will report greater relief when given a larger pill, or two dummy capsules instead of one.
Doctors' expectations also contribute to the awesome power of the placebo effect. In a study of tooth extraction, patients were given either a painkiller or sham drugs. Some dentists were assigned to give either drug, without knowing which, but other dentists knew they would be giving only sham drugs. The patients whose dentists thought they had at least a 50-50 chance of giving a painkiller suffered significantly less pain. Presumably, doctors transmit their expectations to the patient through subtle cues, often without knowing they are doing so.
Placebo and noeebo ______.
A．only exist in people's imagination
B．were medicines used by Latin people
C．are very effective in healing
D．are hated by both doctors and patients
第8题
We must keep the group ______ knowing about the matter.
A．into
B．for
C．from
第10题
Feelings aren't usually associated with inanimate machines, but Rosalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT, believes emotion may be just the thing computers need to work effectively. Computers need artificial emotion to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement.
The more scientists study the "wetware" model for computing—the human brain and nervous system—the more they conclude that emotions are a part of intelligence, not separate from it. Emotions are among the tools that we use to process the tremendous amount of stimuli in our environment. They also pay a role in human learning and decision making. Feeling bad about a wrong decision, for instance, focuses attention on avoiding future error. A feeling of pleasure, on the other hand, positively reinforces an experience.
"If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent, to adapt to us, and to interact naturally with us, then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions, to have emotions, and to have what has come to be called 'emotional intelligence,'" Picard says.
One way that emotions can help computers, she suggests, is by helping keep them from crashing. Today's computers produce error messages, but they do not have a "gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn't make sense. A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it starts. On the other hand, self-preservation would need to be subordinate to service to humans. It was fear of its own death that prompted HAL, the fictional computer in the film 2002: A Space Odyssey, to kill most of its human associates.
Similarly, computers that could "read" their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us—not just what we said and did, but what we likely thought and felt.
"Emotions not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction, but they directly impact a person's ability to interact in an intelligent way," Picard says. "Emotional skills, especially the ability to recognize and express emotions, are essential for natural communication with humans."
In the future computers will tend to be made ______.
A．fictional
B．humanized
C．economical
D．operational
