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Growing resistance to PEA transmission is experienced as mental anguish.
A．YES
B．NO
C．NOT GIVEN
答案
更多“Growing resistance to PEA transmission is experienced as mental anguish.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIV”相关的问题
第1题
There wasn't any resistance to building the subway.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第2题
The little boy's mum is pleased because that means the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic(抗菌素). And that means that Jack will get better very soon. Most of us, adults and children alike, are comfortable with antibiotics. While no one denies that many family doctors prescribe antibiotic too freely, huge quantities of the drugs are pumped into patients before, during and after surgery to prevent infection.
About 70 million presciptions for them are written each year in England and Wales—the equivalent of dosing(剂量) every man, woman and child with one-and-a-half courses. We take them for everyday ailments such as acne(粉刺), infected cuts, dental abscesses(脓肿) and so on. We see them as an essential safety net to prevent a trivial complaint turning serious. But now! Everything we thought we knew. about antibiotics is being challenged by the experts.
Dr. Gruneberg says: Even when the cause is bacterial, there is often no need for treatment because we can use our natural defence systems to fight Off the illness. But ills not just unnecessary prescriptions which cause problems. Apparently the actual courses of antibiotics are longer than necessary, increasing the risks of resistance to the drugs.
Dr. Andrew Swan, a consultant microbiologist in Leicester, says: "If you have recovered from your infection after a couple of days of treatment, and it wasn't too serious in the first place, carrying on with the tablets is adding to the problems of resistance."
Dr. Swan is also concerned about the growing popularity of the newer broad-spectrum antibiotics (谱抗菌素 ), which can kill a wide range of bacteria. He explains: "The more bacteria killed off, the greater the risk that the treament will chase off harmless organisms and allow those which are resistant to drugs to multiply."
From the passage we can learn that ______.
A．Jack's trouble is serious
B．the family doctor has been called in
C．people depend too much on antibiotics for small infection
D．most people prefer antibiotics to any other medicine
第3题
第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial(抗微生物的)Resistance
The ability ofmicro-organisms to find ways to avoid the action of the drugs used to cure theinfec-tions they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public healthissue. Some bacteria have devel-oped mechanisms which make them resistant tomany of the antibiotics(抗生素) normally used for their treatment. They are known as multi-drugresistant bacteria, posing particular difficulties, as there may be few or noalternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global publichealth problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implementhospital infection con- trol measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains(菌株) and to reinforce national policy on prudent use ofantibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in TheLancel Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enablessome types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. Thearticle has drawn attention to the issue of antimicrobial resistance, and, inparticular, has raised awareness of in- fections caused by multi-drug resistantbacteria.
While multi-drug resistantbacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development re- quiresmonitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes oftransmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to bealert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate ac- tioninclude consumers. managers of hospitals, patients, as well as nationalgovernments, the pharma-ceutical(制药的 ) industry and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends thatgovernments focus control and prevention efforts in the follow- ing areas likesurveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, includingeducation of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use ofantibiotics; introducing or enforcing legis-lation related to stopping theselling of antibiotics without. prescription; and strict adherence to infec-tion prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washingmeasures, particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control ofmultidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, andthe existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectivelyreduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematicallyimplemented.
WHO will continue tosupport countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate interna-tional efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistancewill be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health issue because
A.new antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries
B.infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people
C.scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria
D.there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria
第4题
According to the interviewee, how do bacteria develop resistance？
A．Some bacteria are so strong that drugs can"t get into the cells.
B．Some bacteria are able to drive the drugs out of their cells.
C．Some bacteria are able to hide behind other ones.
D．Some bacteria can reproduce before they are killed by drugs.
第5题
Wide-track tires ______.
A．won't noticeably affect your car's sliding quality
B．can increase tire life
C．will increase rolling resistance
D．help attain top gas mileage
第6题
根据以下材料，回答题
Be Alert to Antimicrobial （抗菌剂） Resistance
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment （multi-drug resistant bacteria）， so pose particular difficulties， as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global publlic health problem.
WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics， reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article "has drawn attention to the issue of AMR （antimicrobial resistance） and， in particular， has raised awareness of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear， this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission， and to define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers， managers of hospitals， patients， as well as national govemments， the pharmaceutical industry and intemational agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use， including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures， including the use of hand-washing measures， particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries， and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies， and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO"s World Health Day 2011.
Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest？ 查看材料
A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.
B.The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past， so the researchers are more interested.
C.The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.
D.The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.
第7题
In the last paragraph, why did Eva Fortes say "It kind of upset me"？
A．Because the university didn't treat its students and people not affiliated with Columbia fairly.
B．Because people not affiliated with Columbia were involved in physical assaults.
C．Because there would be an increasing resistance from the university against performing student activities.
D．Because people not affiliated with Columbia were getting told, "Don't come back".
第8题
Which of the following is CORRECT about Colonel Gaddafis hometown？
A．It is the last place that he can get some protection.
B．His wife and daughter have fled to the place.
C．His supporters have prepared armored vehicles for him.
D．The opposition is facing tough resistance there.
第9题
With the risks obvious and growing, a cautious person______an insurance policy now.
A．has taken out
B．is taking out
C．would have taken out
D．would take out
第10题
Antibiotic resistance doesn't just make pathogens(病原体) difficult to treat, It also makes them harder to track Traditionally, epidemiologists(流行病专家)following the paths of disease-causing microbes have identified their suspects by features of bacterial polysaccharide(多糖) coats, susceptibility to different antibiotics, or other schemes But these tracking techniques "are losing their relevance (相关性,实用性), "says Alexander Tomasz, a microbiologist at Rockefeller University in New York City. With the increase in drug resistance, a variety of resistant microbes can now wear the same coat or be resistant to the same drugs, making it harder and harder to keep tabs on individual strains (菌株).
Epidemiologists, therefore, are increasingly turning to more precise molecular typing techniques, such as DNA fingerprinting, to distinguish resistant strains.
DNA typing tools are, of course, not new. Indeed, some DNA-based methods, such as comparing plasmids (质体)(small rings of DNA outside the chromosomes 〈染色体〉), have been used by epidemiologists to track infections since the 1970s. but since plasmid DNA is transferred easily and often between different strains, that technique too has its limitations.
More recent techniques use restriction enzymes to cut apart entire bacterial chromosomes into strain-specific fragment patterns, Another method uses specific radiolabeled (放射标汇的) DNA probes, in a technique known as Southern hybridization(杂交), to test for the presence of a particular drug-resistance gene in a bacterial strain. "Such tools give epidemiologists, unprecedented resolving power for identifying reservoirs and transition routes of genes and pathogens, "says Tomasz. That has helped researchers track a number of drug-resistant clones as they travel vast distances.
Such tracking methods also "help us learn about the mechanism of resistance, "says CDC(疾病控制和预防中心) epidemiologist Robert Breiman. Resistance grows, he explains, either as one resistant organism spreads from one location to the next—as in the Brazilian MRSA(耐甲氧苯青素金黄色葡萄球菌)—or as different strains and even species of microbes share the genes responsible for drug resistance, as a series of studies of vancomycin(万古霉素) resistance recently demonstrated.
That knowledge also helps public health officials combat the spread. If resistance spreads "horizontally'as a microbe increases its range, Breiman says it's important to focus prevention efforts on minimizing person-to-person spread in hospitals and day-care centers. If, however, resistance genes are jumping between organisms, that suggests that overly aggressive antibiotic treatment is encouraging nonresistant bugs to acquire new genes. "In such cases, the focus needs to be on controlling anti-microbial use, "says Breiman. The hoped-for result: fewer infections to track.
Aspirin is one of the world's oldest pain remedies.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
