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听力原文： Vocational education is the education for a particular occupation. Industrialize

d countries have seen a fall in demand for unskilled workers and an increase in jobs in the professional, technical, commercial, and administrative sector. Vocational education is traditionally associated with trades and crafts: young people were apprenticed to employers for a number of years and learned on the job.

Today the focus has shifted from the workplace to secondary and higher education institutions, and from employers to government provision and finance. Trainees in most occupations combine workplace training with study at a technical or academic institution.

In the former Soviet Union, school and work were always strongly linked from primary school. Germany provides nine out of ten young people not entering higher education with vocational training, and training is planned from national down to local level through tripartite committees of government representatives, employers, and trade unions. In some countries, skills are being grouped and "job families" created so that individuals can move between jobs with similar technical requirements. In others "competency-based education" is advocated to equip individuals with "transferable" as well as specific skills.

In developing countries, where it is traditional for children to work from an early age, only a tiny proportion of students follow a formal vocational program, while the long specialist training of professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and engineers is a costly burden. Training places for technicians, nurses, teachers, and other essential workers are often limited.

Worldwide, there is a slow but steady increase in the numbers of women training for occupations of influence in science, technology, law, and business. It is also becoming clear that one course of vocational education is not enough for a lifetime. Retraining through continuing education is essential.

23. What is decreasing in industrialized countries？

24.What is the major change in vocational education？

25.According to the passage, which of the following is true？

26.Which of the following is true about developing countries？

(43)

A．The demand for unskilled workers.

B．The demand for professional jobs.

C．The demand for technical workers.

D．The demand for administrative people.

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发布时间：2021-11-14
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更多“听力原文： Vocational education is the education for a particular occupation. Industrialize”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：A new book by two professors at Pennsylvania State University compares public edu

听力原文： A new book by two professors at Pennsylvania State University compares public education systems around the world. The book is called National Differences, Global Similarities: World Culture and the Future of Schooling.

David Baker and Gerald LeTendre led a group of researchers who gathered information on about 50 countries. Some findings came from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study. That study took place in 1994 and again five years later.

The professors say education is increasingly shaped by what they call “transnational forces”. Officials in many counties are concerned about how their students compare with students in other countries.

Each part of the book develops a different subject researched in schools around the world. One of the subjects is violence among students. The professors say countries with the most school violence include Hungary, Romania and the Philippines.

They say the United States is somewhere in the middle, above nations like New Zealand, Canada, South Korea, Spain and Australia. The findings are based on reports from students.

Professor Baker says inequalities in educational systems act as an influence. He says schools that are sharply divided between “winners and losers” in math have higher levels of violence. “This does not mean that nations should stop trying to raise scores,” he says. “But they should be careful to raise the performance among all students.”

(30)

A．National Similarities and Global Differences

B．World Culture and the Future of Schooling

C．National Differences, Global Similarities: Worm Culture and the Future of Schooling

D．National Similarities, Global Differences: World Culture and the Future of Schooling

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第2题

听力原文： The home is the central focus of most young people's lives in Britain, particula
rly for those who are still attending school. The majority rely upon their home environment as a place of security and upon their parents as the main providers of food, money and other necessities of life—as well as general advice. Young people spend a large proportion of their leisure time at home with other members of their family or with friends.

After the home, school is the main social environment where children not only receive their formal education but also develop their identities within peer groups. All school children in Britain are encouraged to take up activities which complement their academic and vocational education and help to identify their individual talent, such as sports, drama, music and creative pursuits. Many of these form. part of the school curricula.

The personal development and informal social education of young people aged from 11 to 25 are also promoted by the Youth Service in Britain. The Service is a partnership between law authorities and a large number of voluntary organizations. A recent survey estimates that nearly six million young people in this age group are either current or past participants in the Service.

Youth clubs and centers are the most common types of Youth Service provision, encouraging their members to participate in sport, cultural and creative activities, and community service. Some also provide information and counseling. Youth clubs may be branches of national or international bodies or they may be entirely local institutions.

(33)

A．At school.

B．At home.

C．At Youth Clubs.

D．At Youth Centers.

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第3题

听力原文：Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, a

听力原文： Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person's role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is designed to teach specific occupational skills.

Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In school, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self-understanding and use it to plan their education and working life.

A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling programs. In kindergarten and elementary school, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle school or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classrooms, small groups, or individual sessions where whey learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education combines classroom study with practical work experience.

(30)

A．Career education is carried out in primary school.

B．Career education is carried out in middle school.

C．Career education is carried out in college.

D．Career education is carried out in the whole process of children's education.

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第4题

听力原文： The subjects studied in an American university generally cover a very wide field
. In his first year (when he is called a "freshman") and his second year (as a "sophomore") a student must usually follow courses in a very wide range of subjects in the arts and sciences, including some courses which are compulsory for all students. In his third ("junior" ) year and his fourth year (as a "senior" ) a student may specialize in his main subjects, and he may follow courses of vocational interest. There may, for example, be a Course in poultry marketing and even another in advanced poultry marketing.

In a big university there may be several thousand students taking a compulsory course at the same time. There are various ways of dealing with such a course: we may take as an illustration a sociology course, with say 3,000 students. The students would be divided into about eighty separate classes, each meeting three times a week. There might be a single textbook provided for all the students following the course; or, instead of an ordinary textbook, a specially printed course-book prepared by a committee of the teachers. In preparation for each meeting of the class the teacher might ask the students to read five or ten pages, in order to discuss them and thus find out how well the students had done their work. This is only an example of one method followed: some universities make use of closed-circuit television techniques, including two-way devices, which enable students to put questions to a lecturer in another room. A Maximum of discussion, rather than formal teaching, is widely accepted as an ideal to be aimed at, even amid the difficulties imposed by the great numbers of students involved.

What's a student in his second year called.？

A．Senior.

B．Sophomore.

C．Freshman.

D．Junior.

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第5题

听力原文：Many people think of schools as buildings, teachers and students. Proprietary sch
ools, however, think first, of the students. They are interested most in satisfying their customers, the students. Proprietary schools are privately owned vocational schools. To remain in business they must give students what they want to learn at a fair price. The students themselves normally pay for the cost of the training. Thus, the school must offer training that is practical and that will help students get a paying job. Generally the training lasts from 6 months to one year. In the U.S. proprietary schools number about 10,000 and that number is growing to meet increasing needs.

Courses in proprietary schools not only include training in business and technical skills, but also in stir-improvement, such as painting, crafts, speech and physical development. The field popular with most students is car mechanics and repair, with nearly 3,000 schools in operation.

Teachers in proprietary schools generally work longer hours for less pay than public schools. However, the quality of instruction is high, because teachers work closely with students. Some schools ask students to evaluate the teachers.

Propriety schools emphasize applied rather than theoretical, knowledge. They often are willing to experiment with new ideas in their teaching. The teachers themselves me from the real world of work. Mast of them are professionals, and they know what the students will need on the job. Courses are given in short segments. This helps to give the students a sense of accomplishment. Automated education is used with success and team-teaching is common.

The students are, of course, most interested in results and in getting a good job. Generally meat of them do, and this can be considered a success in education.

(33)

A．A special kind of school.

B．The Educational system in the U. S.

C．Different technical schools.

D．Continued Education in the U. S.

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第6题

Section D听力原文：The fourth component of the Swedish social system is that its policies e

Section D

听力原文： The fourth component of the Swedish social system is that its policies ensure full employment and increase the mobility of labour—that is, the ability to change jobs without losing income. Swedes have a strong work ethic. This, combined with state-funded programmes that minimise unemployment, results in a policy of subsidised employment, which Sweden prefers to high unemployment rates and large welfare expenditures. So, there are a large number of vocational training programmes that employers pay for available to workers in jobs that have become unnecessary. There are also subsidies for workers who must change jobs because of changes in the labour market.

Sweden introduced the fifth and final component of its social system at the end of the 20th century. This component corrects some of the problems created by the four previously mentioned components. It includes new rules that are designed to improve job stability, such as training programmes to help employees learn new skills as their jobs change and become more complex. Also, the government has reduced social insurance and welfare payments.

So, in conclusion, the Swedes are happy with their system. Sweden has achieved more in terms of social equality, economic security and freedom than many other economies. As a result, most Swedes aren’t interested in any more reform. of the economic system. However, because it is heavily involved in international markets, Sweden must continue to manage its social policies so that it remains competitive in the international marketplace.

The fourth component of the Swedish social system is that its policies ensure full employment and increase the mobility of labour—that is, the ability to change jobs without【21】______ income, Swedes have a strong work ethic. This, combined with state-funded programmes that【22】______unemployment, results in a policy of subsidised employment, which Sweden prefers to high unemployment rates and large welfare【23】______. So, there are a large number of【24】______training programmes that employers pay for【25】______to workers in jobs that have become unnecessary. There are also subsidies for workers who must change jobs because of changes in the labour market.

Sweden introduced the fifth and final component of its social system at the end of the 20th century. This component corrects some of the problems created by the four【26】______ mentioned components. It includes new rules that are designed to improve job stability, such as training programmes to help employees learn new skills as their jobs change and become more【27】______. Also, the government has reduced social【28】______and welfare payments.

So, in conclusion, the Swedes are happy with their system. Sweden has achieved more in terms of social equality, economic【29】______than many other economies. As a result, most Swedes aren’t interested in any more reform. of the economic system. However, because it is【30】______in international markets, Sweden must continue to manage its social policies so that it remains competitive in the international marketplace.

(21)

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第7题

听力原文：The students are listening to the teacher carefully.

听力原文：The students are listening to the teacher car

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第8题

听力原文：Cat likes eating fish．

听力原文：Cat likes eating fish．

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第9题

听力原文：Her brother is a soldier． A．B．C．

听力原文：Her brother is a soldier．

听力原文：Her brother is a soldier． A．B．C．听力原文：Her brot

A．

B．

C．

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