Culture determines what kind of thinking is important and what kind is not so important. L
In this passage______ different cultures are mentioned.
A.five
B.three
C.two
D.four
In this passage______ different cultures are mentioned.
A.five
B.three
C.two
D.four
第1题
By ascribing cultural transmission to language, we mean that ______.
A.different cultures have different languages
B.culture determines language
C.language learning is a cultural fact rather than a genetic fact
D.language and culture are inseparable
第2题
第3题
Understanding Corporate Culture
Every time people come together with a shared purpose, culture is created. This group of people could be a family, neighbourhood, project team, or company. Culture is automatically created (31) of the combined thoughts, energies, and attitudes of the people in the group.
I often compare culture (32) electricity. Culture is an energy force that becomes woven through the thinking. behaviour, and identity of those within the group. Culture is powerful and invisible and its manifestations are far reaching. Culture determines a company's dress code, work environment, work hours, rules for getting ahead and getting promoted, how the business world is viewed, (33) is valued, who is valued, and much more.
Culture shows up in (34) visible and invisible ways. Some manifestations of this energy field called "culture" (35) easy to observe. You can see the dress code, work environment, perks, and titles in a company. This is the surface layer of culture. (36) are only some of the visible manifestations of culture.
The far (37) powerful aspects of culture are invisible. The cultural core is (38) of the beliefs, values, standards, paradigms, worldviews, moods, internal conversations, and private conversations of the people that are part of the group. This is the foundation for all actions and decisions within a team, department, or organisation.
Business leaders often assume that their company's vision, values, and strategic priorities are synonymous (39) their company's culture. Unfortunately, too often, the vision, values, and strategic priorities may only be words hanging (40) a plaque on the wall.
(31)
第4题
Company culture is the (22) personality of the organisation. It determines how members act, how energetically they (23) to teamwork, problem solving, innovation, customer service, prodactivity, and quality. It is a company's culture that makes it safe or not safe for a person, division or the whole company to (24) issues and solve problems, to act (25) new opportunities, or to move in new, creative directions. A company's culture is often at the root of difficult people-related problems such as motivation, morale, absenteeism, communications, teamwork, retention, injuries, and insurance claims.
Because a company's culture affects everything in it—including profits—culture is the real bottom line. A company with a well-developed culture, open to all that its members want to bring, easily (26) competitors. Culture and personality are similar. When people describe a national, regional, or organisational culture they use words that can (27) a person. For example we might say that a culture is "friendly" or "tough" . It might be "driven and aggressive" . It might be "active" , "analytic" , or "open" .
(28) a culture is created every time a group of people come together to form. a team, a company will have many sub-cultures that exist within its main culture. For example, the marketing and technology teams may have different worldviews, jargon, work hours, and ways to do things. A big (29) for today's company is to create a strong, (30) corporate culture that pulls all of the sub-cultures together and ensures that they can work as a unified team.
(21)
A.undermines
B.emphasises
C.underlines
D.underlies
第5题
第6题
【M1】
第7题
The(2)of space changes(3)on the nature of the relationship. For(4), we are usually more comfortable standing closer to family members(5)to strangers. Personality(6)determines the size of the area(7)we are comfortable when talking to people. Introverts (性格内向的人) often prefer(8)with others(9)a greater distance than do extroverts. Cultural styles are important too. A Japanese employer and employee usually stand(10)apart while talking than their American counterparts. Latin Americans and Arabs(11)to stand closer than Americans do when talking.
For Americans, the usual distance in social conversation(12)from about an arm's(13)to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be(14)with either greater intimacy(15)aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying, "Excuse me," for the slightest(16)touching of another person(17)how uncomfortable Americans are if people get too(18). In cultures(19)close physical contact is(20)and even desirable, Americans may be perceived (感觉认为) as cold and distant.
第8题
W: It's not the Canadian culture but the culture shock that was unbearable.
M: What do you mean by culture shock?
W: Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social communication.
M: Being more specific, what is that?
W: When an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. A series of props have been knocked out from under him, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.
M: What are people's reactions?
W: People react to the frustration in much the same way. They reject the environment, which causes the discomfort. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. That's why I'm back.
M: It's like an illness.
W: Yes.
M: Any other symptoms?
W: Excessive concern over drinking water, food and bedding; fear of physical contact with others, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; and finally, that terrible longing to be back at home.
M: What is the reason for all this?
W: This evidently grows out of the real difficulties, which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles and shopping troubles.
M: I bet everyone comes across some difficulty.
W: If people succeed in getting some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment.
M: Have you got it?
W: Hard to say.
M: Ha!
(23)
A.A journey to Canada.
B.An impression of a foreign country.
C.Culture shock in a new environment.
D.A hard experience in a foreign country.
第9题
For serious study, an anthropologist ______.
A.is obliged to work only on those societies which have no historical relationship to each other
B.must not study his own culture
C.is not supposed to have a prejudice against any society
D.should focus on those societies which are historically related to each other
第10题
听力原文:M: What would you wish for if I let you make a wish?
W: I'd wish I had a robot.
M: Why a robot?
W: a robot is clever, efficient, and obedient. It'll work with precision. And it will work round the clock without complaint.
M: Yes, it will free us from tedious and boring housework. But what would you do if you had a robot to work for you?
W: What would I do? I'd make it work wonders. Things you may not even imagine possible.
M: But aren't you creating a world of machines, a world of cold, emotionless, mechanical creatures?
W: I don't think so. Robots can provide us with all kinds of entertainment imaginable, including both artistic and popular forms of entertainment. You may call them "cyber culture".
M: I don't like your "cyber culture". It's too general and abstract.
W: Well, for one thing, no human culture could match cyber culture in variety and creativity, you know.
M: It depends on what you mean by variety and creativity. I consider humans the most varied, sophisticated, creative and powerful creature on earth. Any mechanical culture is simply lifeless, and it's harmful to the human world.
W: Don't get so emotional. You know robots would willingly do the kind of work that is physically unbearable to humans. They would protect us from risking harmful hazards.
M: I see your point.
W: A robot can help with housework, too.
M: Yeah, and do physical exercise for you.
W: You're kidding. I'll do bodybuilding myself in the gym. Do you know what else I'd definitely do myself, even if I had a thousand robots?
M: What?
W: I'd do my study. If not, I'd be done. 1 fear robots might develop to such a degree that they would threaten our existence. I must study and learn enough theories and techniques to operate and control my robot, before it would begin to control me.
M: That's very sensible. Science is a sword with double blades. It benefits, and harms too, if things get out of control.
W: Right, we'll try to take advantage of its benefits and guard against any possible harm.
(23)
A.They work with precision.
B.They do physical exercises for us.
C.They work round the clock.
D.They free us from tedious and boring work