Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR)to help sec - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Iraq revived the F-16 deal becauseA．they had stored enough food supplies.B．they made much

Iraq revived the F-16 deal because

A．they had stored enough food supplies.

B．they made much money on oil trade.

C．U.S. offered them an attractive discount.

D．they passed a bill on setting up its air force.

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第2题

According to the author, the disadvantage of cars and planes will be that ______ .A．they c

According to the author, the disadvantage of cars and planes will be that ______ .

A．they can not travel fast enough

B．too much money will be spent on oil

C．they cannot give a smooth, untroubled journey

D．the travelers cannot enjoy the scene in their journey

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第3题

According to Anders Sivertsson, which of the following statements is ture？A．There will be

According to Anders Sivertsson, which of the following statements is ture？

A．There will be enough oil and gas if the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.

B．We shoud cut CO2 emissions.

C．We shoud stop using fossil fuels.

D．The oil and gas is insufficient even if the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.

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第4题

Which of the following best explains the expression "oil is the albatross of US national s

ecurity" in Paragraph 5？

A．Oil problem poses serious threat and burden to US national security.

B．Securing enough oil supply is the top priority in US national defense policy.

C．Oil symbolizes the current situation of US national security.

D．US national security should focus more on oil.

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第5题

听力原文：W：I just want to eat out, I don't think we have enough time to make dinner.M: Mos

听力原文：W：I just want to eat out, I don't think we have enough time to make dinner.

M: Most of the restaurants put too much oil to the meal in order to make the meals taste delicious; actually it's bad for our health.

Q: What does the man mean？

(16)

A．They should go out for dinner.

B．He loves to eat oil meals.

C．The dishes made in the restaurant are more delicious.

D．They'd better make dinner at home for the sake of health.

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第6题

Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming

Too Little for Global Warming

Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet.

The IPCC's predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.

Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined about to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world's remaining reserves.

Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel's work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the "conservative" Swedes.

Even if oil and gas run out, "there's a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited", he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a "shot across the bows" for policy makers.

What problem does the authors of the new analysis raise？

A．The coal reserves are big enough.

B．All the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide.

C．Coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall of oil and gas reserves.

D．Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.

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第7题

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge （保护区) （ANWR) to help se

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future？ President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.

The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U. S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用权费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice," says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.

Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output--and just 3 % of the nation's.

What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR？

A．It will increase America's energy consumption.

B．It will exhaust the nation's oil reserves.

C．It will help reduce the nation's oil imports.

D．It will help secure the future of ANWR.

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第8题

根据下面短文内容，回答题。 Oil Exploitation Beneath ANWR&39;S Frozen EarthIs there enough

根据下面短文内容，回答题。

Oil Exploitation Beneath ANWR&39;S Frozen Earth

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区 ) (ANWR) to help secure America&39;s energy future？ President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR&39;s oil would help ease California&39;s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country&39;s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.

The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two or three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We&39;ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.

Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America&39;s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases,environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR&39;s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State&39;s electricity output and just 3% of the nation&39;s.

What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR？查看材料

A.It will exhaust the nation"s oil reserves.

B.It will help secure the future of ANWR.

C.It will help reduce the nation"s oil imports.

D.It will increase America"s energy consumption.

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第9题

On February 15, 1995, a huge oil tanker called the Sea Empress sailed into some rocks off

the west coast of Wales. For the next six days it was stuck there. High winds and tides battered the ship. The accident put big holes in the ship's body and it spilled nearly 90 million litres of oil into the ocean. That's enough to heat 30,000 homes in Canada for one year. The storm quickly drove the oil out to sea and made it very difficult for clean-up and the crews to control the spill.

The crashing of the Sea Empress was a disaster, but it gets worse. A lot of the oil washed up on the shores of Milford Haven Estuary, a conservation area for birds and other wildlife close to where the ship crashed. This made many residents and nature lovers around the world very angry.

Oil and Water

People are upset because oil spills happen regularly. In North America, there are over 8000 spills each year. Not all of them are as big as the one caused by the Sea Empress. Most spills are quite small—they happen in marinas(小船坞) when motor boats fill up with gasoline. Bigger spills occur when oil barrels are accidentally dumped and when ships clean out their cargo holds. But no matter how much oil ends up in the water, plants and animals suffer or die.

In 1989, after an oil tanker called the Exxon Valdez spilled its load in Prince William Sound near Alaska, 425,000 sea birds died along with thousands of other animals, including sea otters. This ship dumped only half the oil the Sea Empress did! The Exxon spill covered 880 km of ocean and fouled about 2000 km of coastline. That's enough coastline to reach from Montreal all the way to Winnipeg.

Cleaning Up the Mess

When oil is spilled on water it forms a sheen. That's a very thin layer of oil that sits on top of the water's surface. One of the jobs of clean-up crews is to try to keep the sheen from spreading out to sea. The tool they use is a containment boom(栅栏网). They wrap this boom around the oil spill to keep it in place. Once the oil has been contained it can be burned off the water.

Another way to get rid of the oil is to sprinkle it with a product that absorbs it, like wood waste. The waste is then scooped away before it sinks. Naturally, some oil always escapes out to sea. Eventually, the oil breaks down and forms tar balls. These balls sink to the ocean floor, then sooner or later they are washed up onto shore.

With every oil spill, some oil reaches the shoreline. The mess is unbelievable. When cleaning up a spill, the hardest job is dealing with the onshore pollution. When oil lands on rocks or mixes with sand and seaweed, it becomes really difficult to remove. Volunteers use high-pressure hoses to blast the oil with hot water. They try to push the oil back into the water. If it's in the water they can burn it or skim it off the surface.

Caring for the Animals

After an oil spill, a lot of concerned people volunteer to help care for the animals. Very little can be done to save the crustaceans, mollusks(软体动物), and other small creatures that get smothered in oil. But the larger animals that are caught and cleaned can be saved.

Birds like western grebe need to have their feathers washed to survive. They’re given baths with plenty of soap and are scrubbed down using toothbrushes. Turtles, otters, and all kinds of other large animals go through the same process. Everyone's hard work pays off. Many animals are saved. But the pollution has a lasting effect—it gets into the food web and makes a lot of animals(including people) sick. Birds, fish, and scav

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge （保护区) （ANWR)to help sec