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Arctic Melt Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy．Last year，howe

Arctic Melt

Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy．Last year，however，the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋)fell to a record low．

Normally，ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小)during the summer．But for many years，the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining．

Since 1979，each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice cover．Between 1981 and 2000．ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness-becoming 1.13 meters thinner．

Last summer，Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels yet．By the end of summer 2007，the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers．That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year．And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low，which was set just 2 years ago．This continuing trend has made scientists concerned．

There may be several reasons for the ice melt，says Jinlun Zhang，an oceanographer(海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle．Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer． The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic．1eaving a large area of thin ice and open wa ter．

Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past．Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean．The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere．In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year，surface temperatures were 3.5？ Celsius warmer than average and 1.5℃ warmer than the previous record high．

With both air and water getting warmer，the ice is melting from both above and below．In some parts of the Beaufort Sea，north of Alaska and western Canada，ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 cm by season's end．

The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above．Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover．

The word“builds”in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by______．

A．establishes．

B．expands．

C．creates．

D．constructs．

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发布时间：2020-11-15
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更多“Arctic Melt Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy．Last year，howe”相关的问题

第1题

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-mirror--the glass in the roof of
a green-house which allows the sun' s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth' s chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warm the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather？

One possibility is the variable behavior. of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotated, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter of "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth' s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth' s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat.

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______ .

A．prevent the sun' s rays from reaching the earth' s surface

B．mean a warming up in the Arctic

C．account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

D．raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

点击查看答案

第2题

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the ro
of of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be 3~C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are .already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather？

One possibility is the variable behavior. of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now finding mutual relation between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat.

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______.

A．prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

B．mean a warming up in the Arctic

C．account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

D．raise the temperature of the earth's surface

点击查看答案

第3题

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______.

A．prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

B．mean a warming up in the Arctic

C．account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

D．raise the temperature of the earth's surface

点击查看答案

第4题

Alaska1In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a c

Alaska

1 In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bears" - beyond Canada's western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.

2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two - thirds of a meter down.

3 Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.

4 Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants5. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.

5 In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.

6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.

A Rich Resources of the State

B Connections with the Outside World

C Transportation Problem

D The Natives of the Land

E Cold Climate

F Land and Population

Paragraph 3 ______

点击查看答案

第5题

AlaskaIn 1868 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a ch

Alaska

In 1868 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears”— beyond Canada’s western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.

In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.. Alaska is America’s largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.

Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state’s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.

In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U. S. mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.

The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $ 80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state’s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska’s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper,gold and other minerals.

A. Rich resources of the state

B. Connections with the outside world

C. Transportation problem

D. The natives of the land

E. Cold climate

F. Land and population

Paragraph 3 ______

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第6题

What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph？ A. Rain

What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph？

A. Rainforests will be destroyed．

B. Arctic ice will be melted．

C. The earth’s temperature will be raised．

D. The sea level will go up．

点击查看答案

第7题

What may be some of the reasons for the ice melt in the Arctic？A．Unusually strong winds an

What may be some of the reasons for the ice melt in the Arctic？

A．Unusually strong winds and clearer skies．

B．Heavy clouds and light winds．

C．Longer summers and shorter winters．

D．Thin ice and open water．

点击查看答案

第8题

From this passage, we know that the magnetic North Pole ______.A．overlaps exactly on the g

From this passage, we know that the magnetic North Pole ______.

A．overlaps exactly on the geographic North Pole

B．is set according to the Earth's magnetic field

C．moves along the Canadian Arctic

D．locates 90 degrees north latitude

点击查看答案
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