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A.A.second language
B.B.first language
C.C.foreign language
D.D.interlanguage
答案
更多“A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners （).”相关的问题
第1题
Which is the focal point for life in the village？
A．discotheques
B．cinemaplexes
C．church
D．pub
第2题
Which of the following could be regarded as a geographical focal point？
A．A local restaurant.
B．A local theatre.
C．A town hall.
D．An open market.
第3题
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe". He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible ! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible." It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
Teachers differ in their opinions about ______.
A．the difficulties in teaching spelling
B．the role of spelling in general language development
C．the complexities of the basic writing skills
D．the necessity of teaching spelling
第4题
Election
The focal point of American political life is the presidential election. More citizens participate in this process than in any other aspect of civic life, and their choice has enormous significance for the nation and, indeed, for the world. In the United States, the president technically is not directly elected by the people but by a body established under the Constitution called the Electoral College. Its members are supposed to mirror the wishes of the voters in their state.
Recent Turnout(参与人数)
However, between 1964 and 1988, turnout in presidential elections slowly declined, from 62% to 50%. In 1992, turnout increased slightly, to 54%. That is, of all citizens who could have registered to vote, barely half voted. This means that the winner of a presidential election might have received only one-fourth of the votes of potential voters.
Who Does Not Vote？
Before we can explain why some people do not vote, we need to see who the nonvoters are. The most important thing to remember is that voting is related to education, income, and occupation, that is, to socioeconomic class. For example, if you are a college graduate, the chances are about 80% that you will vote; if you have less than a high school education, the chances are only about half that. Differences between higher-and lower-income people are also quite large. Two out of three nonvoters have incomes below the average. This class gap in turnout is widening. Although voting among all groups of Americans has declined in the past 30 years, the proportion of college-educated persons who participated fell by less than 10% while that of high school-educated persons dropped by nearly 20%.
Though many people take it for granted that those in the working class vote at lower rates than those in the middle and upper classes, in the United States these differences are far wider than in other nations and far wider than in nineteenth-century America. So there appears to be something unique about the contemporary American political system that inhibits voting participations of all citizens, but particularly those whose income and educational levels are below the average.
Voting is also much more common among older than young people. The popular impression that young people often participate in politics was reinforced during the Vietnam years, when college campuses exploded with anti-war dissent. In fact, however, young people vote much less frequently than their elders. Those in their 40s and older have established their careers and families, and they have more time and money to devote to voting and other political activities.
Why Turnout is Low？
There are a number of possible reasons why Americans esp. low-income and young Americans, do not vote.
One reason is that non-voters are satisfied: failing to vote is a passive form. of consent to what government is doing.
About one-third of a group of non-voters in the 1.990 election, when asked why they did not vote, gave reasons suggesting they were disgusted with politics. The public was condemning the lack of real issues in the campaign, the negative advertising, the constant attention paid by television to the polls telling people how they were going to vote. In fact, tnmout is inversely(成反比地) related to media spending; the more the candidates spend, the lower the turnout. In addition to the quality of the campaigns, some people think turnout has declined because the elections are so frequent, campaigns last so long and so many are contested that the public becomes bored, confused, or impatient. At the presidential level, the sheer quantity of coverage, much of it focused repetitively on "who's winning", may simply bore people. Moreover, the continual public polling and the widely publicized results may lead some to believe they don't need to vote.
T
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第5题
Spelling and Writing
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority, (优先). it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling？
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的). " It may have been A．sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
第 41 题 Teachers differ in their opinions about__________
A．the difficulties in teaching spelling
B．the role of spelling in general language development
C．the complexities of the basic writing skills
D．the necessity of teaching spelling
第6题
"If people are literally looking at the world differently, we think it would be natural for them to explain the world in different ways," said Richard Nisbett, a psychologist at the University of Michigan.
Over the past decade research by Nisbett and his colleague has surprised the social sciences with numerous studies showing that Westerners and East Asians think differently.
Westerners tend to be analytical and pay more attention to the key, or focal objects in a scene—for example, concentrating on the woman in the "Mona Lisa," as opposed to the rocks and sky behind her,
East Asians, by contrast, tend to look at the whole picture and rely on contextual information when making decisions and judgments about what they see, Nisbett said.
The new study was designed to determine if the difference in the thought processes of East Asians and Westerners affects how Westerners and East Asians physically look at the world.
To find out, the researchers measured eye movements of 45 U.S. and Chinese students as they looked at photographs that featured single focal objects against complex backgrounds. For example, one image showed a tiger by a stream in a forest. Another image showed a fighter jet flying over a mountainous landscape.
When test subjects looked at the pictures, differences emerged between the U.S. and Chinese students within the first second of an average viewing, Nisbett said. "Americans are looking at the focal object more quickly and spend more time looking at it," he said. "The Chinese have more saccades(jerky eye movements). They move their eyes more, especially back and forth between the object and the background field."
The finding suggests that East Asians literally spend more time putting objects into context than Americans do. The differences are not just reflected in how individuals recall and report their memories but in how they physically see an image in the first place.
Nisbett says that any explanation for the cultural differences is, at this point, speculation(推测). However, he and his colleagues suggest that the differences may be rooted in social practices that stretch back thousands of years.
"Westerners are taught to pay attention to objects that are important to them, to have goals that they can follow," he said. "East Asians are more likely to pay attention to the social field."
Nisbett traces the origins of the variation to at least 2,000 years ago. At that time collaborative, large-scale agriculture was the primary driver of the East Asian economy. For most workers, economic survival required paying attention to the person in charge as well as co-workers in the fields. Context was important.
By contrast, ancient Greek society—the prototypical(原型的) Western society—was characterized by individualistic activities, such as hunting, fishing, and small-scale farming.
The difference, Nisbett said, still holds today. East Asian societies tend to be more socially complex than Western societies. Understanding context, therefore, has more value in East Asia than in the West.
Characterizing Differences. Anthropologist Alan Fiske said the researcher's data is "very sound." But he questions the complex social reasons that the study authors use to explain the differences.
"Social scientists have not been successful in characterizing in absolute general terms what the difference is between East Asian and European-American societies," said Fiske, the director of the Center for Culture, Brain, and Development at the University of California, Los Angeles. "We all agree there are huge differences, b
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
D．1
第7题
根据材料，回答题。
Spelling and Writing
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are， however， vastly different ideas about how to teach it， or how much priority（优先） it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is， how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling？
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher"s interest， clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will tend to write only words within his spelling range， choosing to avoid adventurous language. That"s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience :" This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible（难以辨认的）. "It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil"s technical abilities in writing， but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay， which contained some beautiful expressions of the child"s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to drawattention to the errors， hut if his priorities had centered on the child"s ideas， an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
Teachers differ in theiropinions about 查看材料
A.the difficulties in teaching spelling
B.the role of spelling in general language development
C.the complexities of the basic writing skills
D.the necessity of teaching spelling
第8题
根据下列文章,请回答 21～25 题。
Text 1
Parents now have a popular belief that Schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are,however, greatly different ideas about how to teach it or how much priority (优先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is that how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to" play safe". He will be prone to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience:"This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)." It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which included some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centred on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动力) to seek improvement.
第 21 题 Teachers are different in their opinions about________
A．the difficulties in teaching spelling.
B．the role of spelling in general language development.
C．the complexities of the basic writing skills.
D．the necessity of teaching spelling.
第9题
Most of these students don't have to be at the computer center in the middle of the night. They aren't working on assignments. They are there because they want to be -- they are irresistibly drawn there.
And they are not alone. There are hackers at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They flunk(考试不及格)out of school and lose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another. They may even decline personal cleanliness.
"I remember one hacker. We literally had to carry him off his chair to feed him and put him to sleep. We really feared for his health," says a computer science professor at MIT.
Computer science teachers are now more aware of the implications of this hacker phenomenon and are
on the lookout for potential hackers and cases of computer addiction that are already severe. They know that the case of the hackers is not just the story of one person's relationship with a machine. It is the story of a society's relationship to the so-called thinking machines, which are becoming almost everywhere.
We can learn from the passage that those at the computer center in the middle of the night are ______.
A．students preparing for tests
B．students using computers to finish assignments
C．excellent computer science majors
D．students deeply fascinated by the computer
第10题
Today, the baraza atmosphere is less formal, and reflects the local flavour or atmosphere. Some barazas are located in places with colourful names, such as "Kwa Haji Tumbo"(Haji with the Big Stomach's Place), "Kwa Boko"(Place of the Hippo), "Mfereji Maringo"(Place of the Clogged Water Tap), or "Shangani"(Place of the Beads).
An integrated part of cultural and religious traditions, the baraza also has a social monitoring function. Children, although often sent to buy coffee for parents or grandparents, are denied drinking it. "It is bad for you," the wazee might say. Having bought the coffee, with a bit of luck the young boys and—girls were never allowed to buy coffee at the baraza—have been able to snatch the salient parts of the latest gossip as well.
During the fasting and spiritual cleansing month of Ramadan, Muslims very often break their fast after sunset to a free first serving of baraza coffee. Following evening prayer, everybody returns for second or third rounds of coffee.
Zanzibari coffee is made from locally grown beans, and served plain and strong, in small cups similar to jasmine teacups from Chinese restaurants. Although not quite as hair-raising as espresso, it beats filter coffee by a long shot for both flavor and texture.
The baraza is the first place where people meet after prayer, weddings, births, funerals, or other important events. In the old days, a "muuza kahawa," or coffee vendor, would "patrol" the streets on foot. He carried cups and coffee beans in large pockets on his robe, and a classic brass coffee pot in his hand. In ways almost reminiscent of European ice-cream vans, the muuza kahawa would rattle his coffee cups in a certain rhythm, and sing a slogan that would be specific to him alone. People would quickly recognize the sound, and make their way to their usual spot.
Although the muuza kahawa is gone today, the baraza remains the focal point for local happenings and gossip. It is where the grapevine starts or ends, and where potent Arabica coffee can be enjoyed by anyone passing by, for a few shillings. For visitors to the island, the baraza offers an excellent opportunity to have a relaxed chat with locals. Many of the wazee have rich experiences to draw on, and can furnish you with unique and compelling stories of Zanzibar back in the days. They often speak very good English, sometimes even other languages as well.
In historic Stone Town, "wazee" ______.
A．are supposed to have rich experiences and lots of stories of local history
B．can speak good English and Chinese besides the local language
C．used to be the centre of the latest gossip
D．usually send their boys and girls to buy coffee at the baraza
