Robots 1.The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems a - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Robots The most sophisticated（先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and

Robots The most sophisticated(先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding(焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. of mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10.000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.Paragraph 2____________

A Ongoing ResearchB Extension of UseC Robot HeroesD Greater ReliabilityE Falling DemandF Hidden Danger

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第2题

回答题。 Robots1. The most sophisticated （先进的 ) Japanese robots, which have vision sy

回答题。

Robots

1. The most sophisticated (先进的 ) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.

2. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接 ) , spray-painting and assembling components.

3. In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.

4. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.

5. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.

6. The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years ) .One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.

7. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

Paragraph 2__________ 查看材料

A.Ongoing Research

B.Extension of Use

C.Robot Heroes

D.Greater Reliability

E.Falling Demand

F.Hidden Danger

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第3题

根据短文回答 23～30 题。 Robots 1 The most sophisticated （先进的) Japanese robots, whi

根据短文回答 23～30 题。

Robots

1 The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studios of robots particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.

2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接),spray, painting and assembling components.

3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.

4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.

5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.

6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.

7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

第 23 题 Paragraph 2_______

A．Ongoing Research

B．Extension of Use

C．Robot Heroes

D．Greater Reliability

E．Falling Demand

F．Hidden Danger

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第4题

根据下列文章,请回答 23～30 题。 Robots 1 The most sophisticated （先进的) Japanese robo

根据下列文章,请回答 23～30 题。

Robots

1 The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.

2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接),spray-painting and assembling components.

3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financiaiiy attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.

4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.

5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. Tills is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all rnaterial published in Japan.

6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today(equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.

7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

第 23 题 Paragraph 2___________

A．Ongoing Research

B．Extension of Use

C．Robot Heroes

D．Greater Reliability

E．Falling Demand

F．Hidden Danger

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第5题

Robots 1 The most sophisticated （先进的）Japanese robots, which have vision systems an

Robots

1 The most sophisticated （先进的）Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on .American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.

2 Atthough industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, tooay their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding （焊接）, spray-painting and assembling components.

3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially. attractive and partly Decause engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.

4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an ecuivalent job.

5 "It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous numbe because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.

6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures,This has risern from about 250 hours in the mid,1970s to about 10,000 hours today（equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years）. One way robot manufacturers have,increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.

7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control once Programmed, the robots can work more accurately and; consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________________

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第6题

第三篇The Robot Man According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the ph

第三篇

The Robot Man

According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in, leaving us with little to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In new situations they'll be able to adapt, unlike today's mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing power,to cope with simple speech and text recognition, and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning.

The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programd with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide "pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive.

Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before= beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or-another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think.

By the time we get to generation four in 2040, Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour; generalise abstract ideas from specific experience; and, conversely, compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as 'earn a living' or 'make more robots'.

The Moravec manifesto (宣告) runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one, they'll begin to take on-many tasks in industry. Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force, the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become low-cost commodity items So much so that they'll move into the home, where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.

With increasing automation in generations two and three, the length of the average working day will plummet, eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry, but the service economy too. Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.

These future machines will be our "mind children". Like biological children of previous generations, they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.

41 What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots？

A They will be able to learn by themselves.

B They will be able to recognize speeches and texts.

C They will be able to predict problems.

D They will be able to match human reasoning and behavior.

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第7题

The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical a

The Robot Man

According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in, leaving us with little to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In new situations they'll be able to adapt, unlike today's mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition, and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning.

The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide "pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive.

Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think.

By the time we get to generation four in 2040. Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour; generalise abstract ideas from specific experience; and, conversely, compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as "earn a living" or "make more robots".

The Moravec manifesto(宣告) runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one, they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry. Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force, the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become low-cost commodity items. So much so that they'll move into the home, where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.

With increasing automation in generations two and three, the length, of the average working day will plummet, eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry, but the service economy too. Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.

These future machines will be our "mind children". Like biological children of previous generations, they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.

What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots？

A．They will be able to recognize speeches and texts.

B．They will be able to learn by themselves.

C．They will be able to predict problems.

D．They will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour.

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第8题

根据下列材料，请回答题The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec， universal robots will take ov

根据下列材料，请回答题

The Robot Man

According to Hans Moravec， universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in，leaving us with little to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In new situations they"ll be able to adapt， unlike today"s mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition， and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning.

The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide" pleasure" and" pain" stimuli. For example， a collision provokes a negative response， a completed task would be positive.

Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task， it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment， it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time， we have here a robot that can think.

By the time we get to generation four in 2040， Moravec predicts that robots will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour; generalise abstract ideas from specific experience; and conversely， compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as "earn a living" or"make more robots".

The Moravec manifesto （宣告） runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one， they"ll begin to take on many tasks in industry. Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force， the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become low-cost commodity items. So much so that they"ll move into the home， where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.

With increasing automation in generations two and three， the length of the average working day will plummet， eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry， but the service economy too. Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.

These future machines will be our" mind children". Like biological children of previous generations， they will embody humanity"s best hope for a long-term future.

What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots？查看材料

A.They will be able to recognize speeches and texts.

B.They will be able to learn by themselves.

C.They will be able to predict problems.

D.They will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour.

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第9题

Peter Chang is an employee of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in the northern sect

ion of the San Joaquin Valley in California-one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. Recently, Peter was promoted to the position of agricultural loan clerk.

In his new position, he has many reports to read-reports from farmers who are applying for loans; status reports from farmers who have received loans; and reports from his employer, the federal government, on new loan programs.

After reading so many reports, Peter wonders,“Why are reports so different？"Some are long, some are short. Some are simple, some are complex. Some are easy to read, some are difficult to read. Some are coherent， some are. not. Some make recommendations, some do not. Why are reports so different？

1.The San Joaquin Valley in California is one of the most().

A.famous industrial areas

B.popular tourist attractions

C.productive agricultural areas

2. What does Peter do in his new position？ ()

A.He reads many reports from several aspects

B.He writes many reports for farmers and banks

C.He is in charge of investment and marketing

3. Why the farmers write reports to Peter？()

A.To make conclusions

B.To apply for loans

C.To do business with him

4. From reading reports, Peter finds that().

A.most of the reports are well written

B.farmers are good at writing reports

C.the reports show great difference

5.What do you think the author will talk later？()

A.The difficulty of the farmers

B.The position of Peter' s supervisor

C.The reasons causing difference of reports

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第10题

Chinese Dialects（方言)1．The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuin

Chinese Dialects(方言)

1．The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B．C．, and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished(贫穷)． Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese．But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech o{ Canton as English is from German.

2．There is, to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语言的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects．Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.

3．As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces．Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall．After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传)machine, the present government is putting everything it has into tackling the language problem． But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的)that the results cannot yet be predicted.

4．At the heart the problem is the dialects．The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics．Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years.When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.

5．There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词)．In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated,12,000．An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet,has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade．A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.

A．Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects

B．Difficulties in Learning Chinese

C．Features of Chinese Dialects

D．Differences in Chinese Dialects

E．Dialects as Heart of the Problem

F．Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem

第 23 题 Paragraph 1____。

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Robots 1．The most sophisticated （先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems a