第三篇Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st CenturyA group of aging experts from th - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st CenturyA group of aging experts from the Unit

Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century

A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.

"The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases—cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease(早老性痴呆病) and Parkinson's disease(帕金森氏病)—will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging", says S. Jay Olshansky, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.

Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy(预期寿命) and the length of healthy life, Olshansky said. The authors suggest that a new paradigm(模式) of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social, economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.

They note that all living things, including humans, possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and, through dietary(饮食的) intervention or genetic alteration, it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.

Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions, such as exercise and good nutrition, may lead to lifelong well-being.

The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the "fundamental cellular(细胞的) and physiological changes that drive aging itself".

"We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aging processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community", said Olshansky, "We call on the health-research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people".

An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a "systematic attack on aging itself", the authors write.

Olshansky and colleagues contend that modern medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life, and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.

The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases______.

A．is the best strategy for fighting diseases.

B．focuses on slowing aging processes.

C．has gone out of date.

D．needs to be improved.

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第2题

根据以下材料，回答题Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st CenturyA group of aging ex

根据以下材料，回答题

Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century

A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.

"The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases- cancer， diabetes， heart disease， Alzheimer"s disease （早老性痴呆病） and Parkinson"s disease （帕金森氏病） –will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging，" says S. Jay Olshansky， professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.

Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy （预期寿命） and the length of healthy life， Olshansky said.

The authors suggest that a new paradigm （模式） of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social， economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.

They note that all living things， including humans， possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and， through dietary （饮食的） intervention or genetic alteration， it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.

Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions， such as exercise and good nutrition， may lead to life-long well-being.

The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the "fundamental cellular （细胞的） and physiological changes that drive aging itself".

"We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aghag processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community，" said Olshansky. "We call on the health research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people."

An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a"systematic attack on aging itself"， the authors write.

Olshansky and colleagues contend that modem medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life， and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.

The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases __________. 查看材料

A.is the best strategy for fighting diseases

B.focuses on slowing aging processes

C.has gone out of date

D.needs to be improved

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第3题

You hear the same complaint all the time as people get older: 'My memory is terrible.' Is

it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with age to justify such grumbling(抱怨)？ The depressing answer is that the brain's cells, the neurons, die and decline in efficiency with age.

Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first is mental speed, for example how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but react more slowly. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain's neurons work.

The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age—a reduction in learning capacity. The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging. This means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, are slower to master new routines and technologies at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental aids.

'Working memory' is the third brain system which is vulnerable to the effects of aging. Working memory is the brain's 'blackboard', where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to keep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks and generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system—so, for instance, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for.

Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we age and occurs because our plans and intentions, which are chalked up on the mental blackboard, are easily wiped out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain. The frontal lobes of the brain—located behind the forehead and above the eyes are where the working memory system is located. Like the temporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain.

The news, however, is not all bleak. Although neurons reduce in number with age, the remaining neurons send out new and longer connecting fibres(dendrites) to maintain connections and allow us to function reasonably well with only relatively small drops in ability.

This and other evidence suggests that the principle 'use it or lose it' might apply to the aging brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still intellectually active, and compared their performance on neuropsychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their sixties and early Seventies were superior to their contemporaries, and as good as the younger people.

Research on animals provides even stronger evidence of the effects of stimulation on the brain structure. Professor Bryan Kolb, of the University of Lethbridge in Canada, has shown that animals kept in stimulating environments show sprouting(生长) and lengthening of the connecting nerve fibres in their brains, in comparison With animals kept in unstimulating environments.

The beneficial effects of continued mental activity are shown by the fact that older contestants in quiz shows are just as fast and accurate in resp

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第4题

第三篇More Than Just Money When Patricia Rochester decided to go back to school after ten

第三篇

More Than Just Money

When Patricia Rochester decided to go back to school after ten years as a staff nurse at

Toronto Western Hospital．her employer not only cheered her on．but also Paid her tuition and

gave her a day off with pay every week to study．Throughout her years at the hospital，Rochester

has also taken workshops on everything from coaching peers to career development——courses

that she believes have helped her advance at work．“I’m now head of the mentoring(指导)

program for new hires．students and staff nurses．”she says．“There’s a lot of room for personal improvement here．”

Perhaps as important，Rochester says her employer supports and values her work．‘‘If you put in overtime．”the nurse points Out．“you get your meals—they’11 order in pizza or Greek food or Chinese．”And if staffers feel stiff and stressed from too many hours on the ward．they can call for a flee 15-minute shoulder-and-neck massage(按摩)or even sign up for an eight-week

evening course on meditation skills and stress-relief．If that’s not enough，employees can take

advantage of five family days a year that can be used if the kids come down with the flu or an

aging parent needs ferrying to an important doctor’s appointment And they have access to a

range of perks(好处)such as special rates on hotel rooms，drugstore purchases，and scholarships

for employees’children．

You might wonder how an organization can provide such resources and still survive．But

University Health Network is one of a number of progressive employers in Canada that have

discovered that investing in staff is good business．

If such initiatives help companies cut down on turnover(人员更替)alone，they’re well

worthwhile．says Prem Benimadhu，a vice—president at the Conference Board of Canada．It costs

anywhere frmn$3．300 to rehire support staff，an average$13，300 for technical staff and a

whopping(巨资)$43，000 for an executive position，according to one study of Conference Board members

Innovative initiatives help companies attract talented employees，cut down on sick days

(which cost Canadian businesses an estimated$17 billion a year,or an average of$3，550 per

Employee)and keep employees more interested in their work．With the substantial talent shortage

that already exists in Canada and the prospect of mass retirement over the next five years—as

many as 50 or 60 percent in some sectors—Benimadhu says that intelligent employers are

putting a renewed focus on the people who work for them．

41 When Rochester decided to go to school，her employer

A persuaded her to change her mind

B fired her．

C cheered her on．

D discouraged her．

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第5题

《资本论》第三篇的内容是简单资本再生产。（)

《资本论》第三篇的内容是简单资本再生产。 ()

参考答案：错误

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第6题

第三篇第41题：

第三篇

第41题：

第三篇第41题：第三篇第41题：

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第7题

The effect of becoming depressed about an illness is ______.A．a slowing of the body's cura

The effect of becoming depressed about an illness is ______.

A．a slowing of the body's curative processes

B．a collapse of the autonomic nervous system

C．an emotional state that ranges from extremes of depression to happiness

D．an evident and gradual decrease in the physical symptoms of the disease

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第8题

14：第三篇Listening Comprehension Why does Kate refuse to leave the house then？A.Because sh

14：第三篇Listening Comprehension Why does Kate refuse to leave the house then？

A.Because she hasn't got ready yet.

B.Because she is waiting for David.

C.Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up.

D.Because it is raining very hard and she doesn't have an umbrella.

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第9题

Government economists are taking a ______view of the country's IT market this year, citing

a recent pattern of slowing growth.

A．conserved

B．conserving

C．conservation

D．conservative

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第10题

A rise in interest rate will cause ______.A．an increase in borrowing and a slowing - down

A rise in interest rate will cause ______.

A．an increase in borrowing and a slowing - down of credit creation

B．a decrease in borrowing and an increase in credit creation

C．an increase in borrowing and an increase in credit creation

D．a decrease in borrowing and a decrease in credit creation

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