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Some transplant centers invent "medical problems" to cheat potential kidney donors.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
答案
更多“Some transplant centers invent "medical problems" to cheat potential kidney donors.A．Right”相关的问题
第1题
Some transplant centers invent "medical problems" to cheat potential kidney donors.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第2题
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
第3题
W: Well, I am not going m stop by the post office, but I can buy you some at the book store after I see the dentist on Markers' street.
Q: Where will the woman go first？
(14)
A．To the dentist's.
B．To the market.
C．To the post office.
D．To the bookstore.
第4题
They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to prevent the recipient's immune system from rejecting the organ — an ever-present risk.
But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. "As the results get better, more people go on the waiting lists and there's wider disparity between supply and need," says one doctor. The American Council on Transplantation estimated that on any given day 15 000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 5 000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.
This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal Uniform. Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public would not interfere with a family member's decision. The biggest roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don't ask for donations, either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.
When there aren't enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patients' condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time the patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.
Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating table.
B．To Dr Starzl it was very discouraging that his first liver transplant failed.
C．Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl.
D．Dr Starzl didn't give up even though he had failed in his attempts.
第5题
They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to pre- vent the recipient's immune system from rejecting the organ — an ever-present risk.
But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. "As the results get better, more people go on the waiting lists and there's wider disparity between supply and need," says one doctor. The American Council on Transplantation estimated that on any given day 15 000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 5 000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.
This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal Uniform. Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public would not interfere with a family member's decision. The biggest roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don't ask for donations, either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.
When there aren't enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patients' condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time the patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.
Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating table.
B．To Dr Starzl it was very discouraging that his first liver transplant failed.
C．Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl.
D．Dr Starzl didn't give up even though he had failed in his attempts.
第6题
根据材料请回答 31～35 题
Dr Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplant, had tO live with failure.When he performed the world's first liver transplant 25 years ago, the patient, a three-year-old boy, died on the operating table.The next four patients did not live long enough to get out of the hospital.But more determined, than discouraged, Starzl and his colleagues went back to their lab at the University of Colorado Medical School.They devised(发明)techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to prevent the recipient' s immune system(免疫系统) from rejecting the organ- an ever-present risk.Now, thanks to further refinements, about two thirds of all liver-transplant patients are living more than a year.
But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs."More and more people go on the waiting lists and there is wide disparity(差异)between supply and need," says one doctor.The American Council on Transplantation estimates that on any given day 15,000 Americans are waiting for or-gans.There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 25,000 healthy people die un-expectedly in the United States, usually in accidents.The problem is that fewer than 20% become donors.
This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling.Under the federal Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement.Legally, the next of kin can veto(否决)these posthumous(死后的)gifts, but surveys indicate that 70% to 80% of the public would not interfere with a family member's decision.The bigger roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians do not ask for donations, either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.
When there are not enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones be-comes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die.Once donors and potential recip-ients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list.Besides the seriousness of the patient's condition, doc-tors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time the patient has been waiting and how long it will take to obtain an organ.
第 31 题 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？
A．All the patients whom Dr.Starzl operated on died on the operating table.
B．To Dr.Starzl, it was very discouraging that his first liver transplant operation failed.
C．Many doctors had performed liver transplant before Starzl,
D．Dr.Starzl did not give up though he had failed in his attempts.
第7题
Spare a Kidney？
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons. First, it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something, however, it doesn't mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So, what are the risks？ "As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision," says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ--no matter if you're healthy. "There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend, father, mother if you don't do this," says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.
From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
第8题
&8226;Read this text taken from an article about using wind to generate power.
&8226;Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not mark any letter more than once.
Using wind to generate energy
Using the wind to generate energy is often considered unfeasible. In Great Britain, however, wind power is no longer a subject for cranks and dreamers. (0)H The wind now generates enough electricity to supply 250,000 people. Power companies are investing heavily in the business and windmills are becoming a common sight. (9) Even though wind power is clean and does not produce any greenhouse gases, pressure groups are determined to prevent its spread.
The National Wind Power Company wants to develop a huge wind farm on the top of Flaight Hill, an extremely beautiful area of Northern England. If they are given the go-ahead, the company will erect 44 rotors there. (10) They complain that the 60 metre turbines will spoil one of Britain's last remaining areas of natural beauty. They say that this is totally unacceptable. (11) They say that because the turbines are usually seen from some way away, their size would not be noticed because of the scale of the countryside.
The idea that wind farms ruin rural areas is not accepted by the British Wind Energy Association. The only problem is that people haven't got used to them yet. (12) They also claim that using the wind is an essential element in attempts to reduce pollution. And this is not all. (13) To support this, they point to statistics which show that 51 per cent of the power generated by wind turbines can be extracted, compared with about 30 per cent of that generated by coal-fired power stations.
The government is keen to boost the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources. In 1994, renewables, including the wind, produced just 2 per cent of Britain's electricity, compared with almost half from coal-powered stations. In future, the government would like to see at least 10 per cent of the nation's power coming from the wind. (14) This, however, would cover up to 1,250 square miles of countryside. One answer is to locate some of them at sea. It is estimated that as much as 20 per cent of Britain's energy needs could be supplied by, offshore wind turbines by the year 2025.
A. Local residents are determined to fight this plan.
B. They also dismiss claims that wind technology is inefficient.
C. However, this development has not been universally welcomed.
D. To achieve this, some 40,000 300-kilowatt turbines would be needed.
E. In a press release they state that the countryside is always changing and they deny that wind machines look ugly.
F. Recent research, however, has indicated some new problems.
G. Such allegations are dismissed out of hand by the company.
H. It is now regarded as an important and economically viable source of energy.
(9)
第9题
Spare a Kidney？
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney t0 a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons. First, it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using 1aparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something, however, it doesn't mean you should, Donating a kidney means under- going an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So, what are the risks？ “As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding，Of infection，Of vein clots in the legs Or a hernia at the incision，”says Dr．Arthur Matas，director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications(禁忌征候)are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ—no matter if you're healthy. "There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend, father, mother if you don't do this," says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.
From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 2419.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
第10题
American Dreams
There is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche(陈词滥调).
In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.(46) No class system or govemment stands in the way.
Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.
The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.(47)
Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.(48)
Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.(49) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world.
Yet the tax burden on America’s rich is falling,not growing.(50) There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.
A.Nobody is poor in the US.
B.The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.
C.For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.
D.Now it is 9.8 times.
E.As it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.
F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.
