第三篇WaterThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is l - 试题答案网问答

第1题

WaterThe second most important constituent（构成成份) of the biosphere（生物圈) is liquid wa

Water

The second most important constituent(构成成份) of the biosphere(生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.

The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form. of the salt water of the oceans—about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form. of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely Important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.

Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form. of rivers.

Liquid water only exists______

A．in the center of the earth.

B．on the surface of our planet.

C．in a very narrow range of temperatures.

D．in the costal areas of the earth.

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第2题

第三篇 Some Things We Know about Language Many things about language are a mystery, and ma

第三篇 Some Things We Know about Language

Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.

First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore,in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a langUage． Second , there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undevel oped,who are,as we say,uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

This has not always been well understood;indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popu- lar ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek.

A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

In the second paragraph the author thinks that

A.some backward race doesn't have a language of its own

B.some race in history didn't possess a language of its own

C.any human race,whether backward or not, has a language

D.some races on earth call communicate without language.

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第3题

第三篇The Robot Man According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the ph

第三篇

The Robot Man

According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in, leaving us with little to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In new situations they'll be able to adapt, unlike today's mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing power,to cope with simple speech and text recognition, and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning.

The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programd with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide "pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive.

Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before= beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or-another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think.

By the time we get to generation four in 2040, Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour; generalise abstract ideas from specific experience; and, conversely, compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as 'earn a living' or 'make more robots'.

The Moravec manifesto (宣告) runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one, they'll begin to take on-many tasks in industry. Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force, the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become low-cost commodity items So much so that they'll move into the home, where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.

With increasing automation in generations two and three, the length of the average working day will plummet, eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry, but the service economy too. Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.

These future machines will be our "mind children". Like biological children of previous generations, they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.

41 What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots？

A They will be able to learn by themselves.

B They will be able to recognize speeches and texts.

C They will be able to predict problems.

D They will be able to match human reasoning and behavior.

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第4题

第三篇Two People，Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s driving，Mum’s tell

第三篇

Two People，Two Paths

You must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s driving，Mum’s telling him where to go．He’s sure that they need to turn left But she says it’s not for another two blocks．Who has the better sense of direction？ Men or women.

They both do, a new study says．but in different ways．

Men and women．Canadian researchers have found，have different methods of finding their

way．Men look quickly at landmarks(地标)and head off in what they think is the right direction．

Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head．

“women tend to be more detailed,”said Edward Cornell．who led the study,“while men

tend to be a little bit faster and …a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的)．”

In fact, said Cornell,“sense of direction”isn’t one skill but two．

The first is the“survey method”.This is when you see all area from above, such as a printed map．Y0u can see，for example，where the hospital is，where the church is and that the

supermarket is on its right．

The second skill is the“route method”This is when you use a series of directions．You start

from the hospital，then turn left，turn fight，go uphill——and then you see the supermarket．

Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions．

Both work, and neither is better．

Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.

In ancient times，young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt．The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places．The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains, the lakes and so on．

The women，on the other hand，took young girls out to find fruits and plants．These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths．So, women’s sense of

space was based on learning certain routes．

41 When finding his way, Dad tends to rely on

A his intuitive knowledge.

B his book knowledge．

C Mum’s assistance.

D the police’s assistance．

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第5题

______ second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.A．AtB．OnC．InD．As

______ second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.

A．At

B．On

C．In

D．As

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第6题

______second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.[A] At [B] On [C] In [D

______second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.

[A] At

[B] On

[C] In

[D] As

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第7题

第三篇 Is the News Believable？ Unless you have gone through the experience, yourself

第三篇 Is the News Believable？

Unless you have gone through the experience, yourself or watched a loved one's struggle, you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you. You pray, you rage, you bargain with God, but most of all you clutch at any hope, no matter how remote, of a second chance at life.

For a few excited days last week, however, it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve (痛苦减轻). Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times, all anybody was talking about-- on the radio, on television, on the Internet, in phone calls to friends and relatives -- was the report that a combination of two new drugs could, as the Times. put it, "cure cancer in two years."

In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors' phone lines begging for a chance to test the miracle cancer cure. Cancer scientists raced to the phones to make sure everyone knew about their research too, generating a new round of headlines.

The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer. Only last month

scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamoxifen (他莫昔芬) － and offering it to patients getting the placebo (安慰剂) --- because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer (although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine (子宫的) cancer). Two weeks later came the New York Times' report that two new drugs can shrink tumors of every variety without any side effects whatsoever.

It all seemed too good to be true, and of course it was. There are no miracle cancer drugs, at least not yet. At this stage all the drug manufacturer can offer is some very interesting molecules, and the only cancers they have cured so far have been in mice. By the middle of last week, even the TV talk-show hosts who talked most about the news had learned what every scientist already knew: that curing a disease in lab animals is not the same as doing it in humans. "The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancer in the mouse," Dr. Richard Klausner, head of the National Cancer Institute, told the Los Angeles Times. "We have cured mice of cancer for decades － and it simply didn't work in people."

第 41 题 According to the passage, a person suffering from cancer will

A． give up any hope.

B．pray for the health of his loved ones.

C． go out of his way to help others.

D． seize every chance of survival.

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第8题

______second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.A．AtB．OnC．InD．As

______second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.

A．At

B．On

C．In

D．As

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第9题

I'm ______ whether or not to go to Greece for the summer.A．on second thoughtsB．on the spot

I'm ______ whether or not to go to Greece for the summer.

A．on second thoughts

B．on the spot

C．in the process

D．in two minds

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第10题

听力原文：M: Are there any seats in the upper circle for the second show on Monday？W: I'm s

听力原文：M: Are there any seats in the upper circle for the second show on Monday？

W: I'm sorry, there're no more seats in the circle, but somebody's just returned two stall tickets for the second show. Would you like them？

Q: Where are the man and the woman？

(14)

A．In the travel agency.

B．At the box office.

C．At a market stall.

D．In a restaurant.

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第三篇WaterThe second most important constituent （构成成份) of the biosphere （生物圈) is l