请输入或粘贴题目内容
搜题
拍照、语音搜题，请扫码下载APP
题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
From the this passage, we know that______.
A．most of the married women don't care for their families
B．every family prefers to have only one child
C．the American family has changed a lot
D．American parents expect their children to go to college
答案
更多“From the this passage, we know that______.A．most of the married women don't care for their”相关的问题
第1题
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the
With more and more young people getting into trouble with the law, racial workers are very busy. They are trying to keep【B1】______out of jail and in school.
One way to do this is to keep those young people busy with a【B2】______activity. In some places, social workers set up programs to direct【B3】______energy from the drawing of graffiti(涂鸦)to the【B4】______arts.
In other places, basketball or baseball teams are set up. Sometimes the young people are【B5】______into patrol groups. Then, they are given the job of protecting older citizens that they might【B6】______have robbed and attacked. Social workers set up these youth programs to meet the needs of a【B7】______area.
Social workers are highly trained people and are good at solving community problems. They know how to set up【B8】______and get things started. However,【B9】______These voluntary people encourage the young artists, train the sports teams, and oversee the patrol groups. They do other kinds of work as well.
【B10】______. Many social service volunteers do not even have a high-school degree. 【B11】______.
【B1】
第2题
What class the woman will teach tomorrow？
A．Writing class.
B．A spare-time class.
C．The passage doesn't tell us.
第3题
By stating that the theories are "mutually exclusive" the author means that
READ THE PASSAG
E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLE THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000. SPECULATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THESE PACIFIC ISLANDERS BEGAN AS SOON AS OUTSIDERS ENCOUNTERED THEM; IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLID LINGUISTIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DATA, MANY FANCIFUL AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE THEORIES WERE DEVISE
D. PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE VARIOUSLY THOUGHT TO HAVE COME FROM NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND INDIA, AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST ASIA. MANY OLDER THEORIES IMPLICITLY DEPRECATED THE NAVIGATIONAL ABILITIES AND OVERALL CULTURAL CREATIVITY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS. FOR EXAMPLE, BRITISH ANTHROPOLOGISTS
G. ELLIOT SMITH AND W.
J. PERRY ASSUMED THAT ONLY EGYPTIANS WOULD HAVE BEEN SKILLED ENOUGH TO NAVIGATE AND COLONIZE THE PACIFI
C. THEY INFERRED THAT THE EGYPTIANS EVEN CROSSED THE PACIFIC TO FOUND THE GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD(NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA). IN 1947 NORWEGIAN ADVENTURER THOR HEYERDAHL DRIFTED ON A BALSA-LOG RAFT WESTWARD WITH THE WINDS AND CURRENTS ACROSS THE PACIFIC FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO PROVE HIS THEORY THAT PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE NATIVE AMERICANS(ALSO CALLED AMERICAN INDIANS). LATER HEYERDAHL SUGGESTED THAT THE PACIFIC WAS PEOPLED BY THREE MIGRATIONS: BY NATIVE AMERICANS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA DRIFTING TO HAWAII, BY PERUVIANS DRIFTING TO EASTER ISLAND, AND BY MELANESIANS. IN 1969 HE CROSSED THE ATLANTIC IN AN EGYPTIAN-STYLE. REED BOAT TO PROVE EGYPTIAN INFLUENCES IN THE AMERICAS. CONTRARY TO THESE THEORISTS, THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, AND ARCHAEOLOGY SHOWS THAT THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS CAME FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA AND WERE SKILLED ENOUGH AS NAVIGATORS TO SAIL AGAINST THE PREVAILING WINDS AND CURRENTS. THE BASIC CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS INCLUDE THE APPROPRIATE BOAT-BUILDING, SAILING, AND NAVIGATION SKILLS TO GET TO THE ISLANDS IN THE FIRST PLACE; DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND GARDENING SKILLS SUITED TO OFTEN MARGINAL CONDITIONS; AND A VARIED INVENTORY OF FISHING IMPLEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES. IT IS NOW GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT THESE PREREQUISITES ORIGINATED WITH PEOPLES SPEAKING AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES(A GROUP OF SEVERAL HUNDRED RELATED LANGUAGES)AND BEGAN TO EMERGE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BY ABOUT 5000
B.
C.
E. THE CULTURE OF THAT TIME, BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION, IS ASSUMED TO HAVE HAD A BROAD INVENTORY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS INCLUDING TARO, YAMS, BANANA, SUGARCANE, BREADFRUIT, COCONUT, SAGO, AND RIC
E. JUST AS IMPORTANT, THE CULTURE ALSO POSSESSED THE BASIC FOUNDATION FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME ADAPTATION, INCLUDING OUTRIGGER CANOES AND A VARIETY OF FISHING TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVE FOR OVERSEAS VOYAGIN
G. CONTRARY TO THE ARGUMENTS OF SOME THAT MUCH OF THE PACIFIC WAS SETTLED BY POLYNESIANS ACCIDENTALLY MAROONED AFTER BEING LOST AND ADRIFT, IT SEEMS REASONABLE THAT THIS FEAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY DELIBERATE COLONIZATION EXPEDITIONS THAT SET OUT FULLY STOCKED WITH FOOD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS. DETAILED STUDIES OF THE WINDS AND CURRENTS USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SUGGEST THAT DRIFTING CANOES WOULD HAVE BEEN A MOST UNLIKELY MEANS OF COLONIZING THE PACIFI
C. THESE EXPEDITIONS WERE LIKELY DRIVEN BY POPULATION GROWTH AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS ON THE HOME ISLANDS, AS WELL AS THE CHALLENGE AND EXCITEMENT OF EXPLORING UNKNOWN WATERS. BECAUSE ALL POLYNESIANS, MICRONESIANS, AND MANY MELANESIANS SPEAK AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES AND GROW CROPS DERIVED FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALL THESE PEOPLES MOST CERTAINLY DERIVED FROM THAT REGION AND NOT THE NEW WORLD OR ELSEWHER
E. THE UNDISPUTED PRE-COLUMBIAN PRESENCE IN OCEANIA OF THE SWEET POTATO, WHICH IS A NEW WORLD DOMESTICATE, HAS SOMETIMES BEEN USED TO SUPPORT HEYERDAHL"S "AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE PACIFIC" THEORIES. HOWEVER, THIS IS ONE PLANT OUT OF A LONG LIST OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN DOMESTICATES. AS PATRICK KIRCH, AN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, POINTS OUT, RATHER THAN BEING BROUGHT BY RAFTING SOUTH AMERICANS, SWEET POTATOES MIGHT JUST HAVE EASILY BEEN BROUGHT BACK BY RETURNING POLYNESIAN NAVIGATORS WHO COULD HAVE REACHED THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000.
第4题
READ THE PASSAG
E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLE THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000. SPECULATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THESE PACIFIC ISLANDERS BEGAN AS SOON AS OUTSIDERS ENCOUNTERED THEM; IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLID LINGUISTIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DATA, MANY FANCIFUL AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE THEORIES WERE DEVISE
D. PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE VARIOUSLY THOUGHT TO HAVE COME FROM NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND INDIA, AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST ASIA. MANY OLDER THEORIES IMPLICITLY DEPRECATED THE NAVIGATIONAL ABILITIES AND OVERALL CULTURAL CREATIVITY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS. FOR EXAMPLE, BRITISH ANTHROPOLOGISTS
G. ELLIOT SMITH AND W.
J. PERRY ASSUMED THAT ONLY EGYPTIANS WOULD HAVE BEEN SKILLED ENOUGH TO NAVIGATE AND COLONIZE THE PACIFI
C. THEY INFERRED THAT THE EGYPTIANS EVEN CROSSED THE PACIFIC TO FOUND THE GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD(NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA). IN 1947 NORWEGIAN ADVENTURER THOR HEYERDAHL DRIFTED ON A BALSA-LOG RAFT WESTWARD WITH THE WINDS AND CURRENTS ACROSS THE PACIFIC FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO PROVE HIS THEORY THAT PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE NATIVE AMERICANS(ALSO CALLED AMERICAN INDIANS). LATER HEYERDAHL SUGGESTED THAT THE PACIFIC WAS PEOPLED BY THREE MIGRATIONS: BY NATIVE AMERICANS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA DRIFTING TO HAWAII, BY PERUVIANS DRIFTING TO EASTER ISLAND, AND BY MELANESIANS. IN 1969 HE CROSSED THE ATLANTIC IN AN EGYPTIAN-STYLE. REED BOAT TO PROVE EGYPTIAN INFLUENCES IN THE AMERICAS. CONTRARY TO THESE THEORISTS, THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, AND ARCHAEOLOGY SHOWS THAT THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS CAME FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA AND WERE SKILLED ENOUGH AS NAVIGATORS TO SAIL AGAINST THE PREVAILING WINDS AND CURRENTS. THE BASIC CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS INCLUDE THE APPROPRIATE BOAT-BUILDING, SAILING, AND NAVIGATION SKILLS TO GET TO THE ISLANDS IN THE FIRST PLACE; DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND GARDENING SKILLS SUITED TO OFTEN MARGINAL CONDITIONS; AND A VARIED INVENTORY OF FISHING IMPLEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES. IT IS NOW GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT THESE PREREQUISITES ORIGINATED WITH PEOPLES SPEAKING AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES(A GROUP OF SEVERAL HUNDRED RELATED LANGUAGES)AND BEGAN TO EMERGE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BY ABOUT 5000
B.
C.
E. THE CULTURE OF THAT TIME, BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION, IS ASSUMED TO HAVE HAD A BROAD INVENTORY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS INCLUDING TARO, YAMS, BANANA, SUGARCANE, BREADFRUIT, COCONUT, SAGO, AND RIC
E. JUST AS IMPORTANT, THE CULTURE ALSO POSSESSED THE BASIC FOUNDATION FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME ADAPTATION, INCLUDING OUTRIGGER CANOES AND A VARIETY OF FISHING TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVE FOR OVERSEAS VOYAGIN
G. CONTRARY TO THE ARGUMENTS OF SOME THAT MUCH OF THE PACIFIC WAS SETTLED BY POLYNESIANS ACCIDENTALLY MAROONED AFTER BEING LOST AND ADRIFT, IT SEEMS REASONABLE THAT THIS FEAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY DELIBERATE COLONIZATION EXPEDITIONS THAT SET OUT FULLY STOCKED WITH FOOD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS. DETAILED STUDIES OF THE WINDS AND CURRENTS USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SUGGEST THAT DRIFTING CANOES WOULD HAVE BEEN A MOST UNLIKELY MEANS OF COLONIZING THE PACIFI
C. THESE EXPEDITIONS WERE LIKELY DRIVEN BY POPULATION GROWTH AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS ON THE HOME ISLANDS, AS WELL AS THE CHALLENGE AND EXCITEMENT OF EXPLORING UNKNOWN WATERS. BECAUSE ALL POLYNESIANS, MICRONESIANS, AND MANY MELANESIANS SPEAK AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES AND GROW CROPS DERIVED FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALL THESE PEOPLES MOST CERTAINLY DERIVED FROM THAT REGION AND NOT THE NEW WORLD OR ELSEWHER
E. THE UNDISPUTED PRE-COLUMBIAN PRESENCE IN OCEANIA OF THE SWEET POTATO, WHICH IS A NEW WORLD DOMESTICATE, HAS SOMETIMES BEEN USED TO SUPPORT HEYERDAHL"S "AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE PACIFIC" THEORIES. HOWEVER, THIS IS ONE PLANT OUT OF A LONG LIST OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN DOMESTICATES. AS PATRICK KIRCH, AN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, POINTS OUT, RATHER THAN BEING BROUGHT BY RAFTING SOUTH AMERICANS, SWEET POTATOES MIGHT JUST HAVE EASILY BEEN BROUGHT BACK BY RETURNING POLYNESIAN NAVIGATORS WHO COULD HAVE REACHED THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000.
第5题
READ THE PASSAG
E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLE THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000. SPECULATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THESE PACIFIC ISLANDERS BEGAN AS SOON AS OUTSIDERS ENCOUNTERED THEM; IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLID LINGUISTIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DATA, MANY FANCIFUL AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE THEORIES WERE DEVISE
D. PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE VARIOUSLY THOUGHT TO HAVE COME FROM NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND INDIA, AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST ASIA. MANY OLDER THEORIES IMPLICITLY DEPRECATED THE NAVIGATIONAL ABILITIES AND OVERALL CULTURAL CREATIVITY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS. FOR EXAMPLE, BRITISH ANTHROPOLOGISTS
G. ELLIOT SMITH AND W.
J. PERRY ASSUMED THAT ONLY EGYPTIANS WOULD HAVE BEEN SKILLED ENOUGH TO NAVIGATE AND COLONIZE THE PACIFI
C. THEY INFERRED THAT THE EGYPTIANS EVEN CROSSED THE PACIFIC TO FOUND THE GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD(NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA). IN 1947 NORWEGIAN ADVENTURER THOR HEYERDAHL DRIFTED ON A BALSA-LOG RAFT WESTWARD WITH THE WINDS AND CURRENTS ACROSS THE PACIFIC FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO PROVE HIS THEORY THAT PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE NATIVE AMERICANS(ALSO CALLED AMERICAN INDIANS). LATER HEYERDAHL SUGGESTED THAT THE PACIFIC WAS PEOPLED BY THREE MIGRATIONS: BY NATIVE AMERICANS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA DRIFTING TO HAWAII, BY PERUVIANS DRIFTING TO EASTER ISLAND, AND BY MELANESIANS. IN 1969 HE CROSSED THE ATLANTIC IN AN EGYPTIAN-STYLE. REED BOAT TO PROVE EGYPTIAN INFLUENCES IN THE AMERICAS. CONTRARY TO THESE THEORISTS, THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, AND ARCHAEOLOGY SHOWS THAT THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS CAME FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA AND WERE SKILLED ENOUGH AS NAVIGATORS TO SAIL AGAINST THE PREVAILING WINDS AND CURRENTS. THE BASIC CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS INCLUDE THE APPROPRIATE BOAT-BUILDING, SAILING, AND NAVIGATION SKILLS TO GET TO THE ISLANDS IN THE FIRST PLACE; DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND GARDENING SKILLS SUITED TO OFTEN MARGINAL CONDITIONS; AND A VARIED INVENTORY OF FISHING IMPLEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES. IT IS NOW GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT THESE PREREQUISITES ORIGINATED WITH PEOPLES SPEAKING AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES(A GROUP OF SEVERAL HUNDRED RELATED LANGUAGES)AND BEGAN TO EMERGE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BY ABOUT 5000
B.
C.
E. THE CULTURE OF THAT TIME, BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION, IS ASSUMED TO HAVE HAD A BROAD INVENTORY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS INCLUDING TARO, YAMS, BANANA, SUGARCANE, BREADFRUIT, COCONUT, SAGO, AND RIC
E. JUST AS IMPORTANT, THE CULTURE ALSO POSSESSED THE BASIC FOUNDATION FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME ADAPTATION, INCLUDING OUTRIGGER CANOES AND A VARIETY OF FISHING TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVE FOR OVERSEAS VOYAGIN
G. CONTRARY TO THE ARGUMENTS OF SOME THAT MUCH OF THE PACIFIC WAS SETTLED BY POLYNESIANS ACCIDENTALLY MAROONED AFTER BEING LOST AND ADRIFT, IT SEEMS REASONABLE THAT THIS FEAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY DELIBERATE COLONIZATION EXPEDITIONS THAT SET OUT FULLY STOCKED WITH FOOD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS. DETAILED STUDIES OF THE WINDS AND CURRENTS USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SUGGEST THAT DRIFTING CANOES WOULD HAVE BEEN A MOST UNLIKELY MEANS OF COLONIZING THE PACIFI
C. THESE EXPEDITIONS WERE LIKELY DRIVEN BY POPULATION GROWTH AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS ON THE HOME ISLANDS, AS WELL AS THE CHALLENGE AND EXCITEMENT OF EXPLORING UNKNOWN WATERS. BECAUSE ALL POLYNESIANS, MICRONESIANS, AND MANY MELANESIANS SPEAK AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES AND GROW CROPS DERIVED FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALL THESE PEOPLES MOST CERTAINLY DERIVED FROM THAT REGION AND NOT THE NEW WORLD OR ELSEWHER
E. THE UNDISPUTED PRE-COLUMBIAN PRESENCE IN OCEANIA OF THE SWEET POTATO, WHICH IS A NEW WORLD DOMESTICATE, HAS SOMETIMES BEEN USED TO SUPPORT HEYERDAHL"S "AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE PACIFIC" THEORIES. HOWEVER, THIS IS ONE PLANT OUT OF A LONG LIST OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN DOMESTICATES. AS PATRICK KIRCH, AN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, POINTS OUT, RATHER THAN BEING BROUGHT BY RAFTING SOUTH AMERICANS, SWEET POTATOES MIGHT JUST HAVE EASILY BEEN BROUGHT BACK BY RETURNING POLYNESIAN NAVIGATORS WHO COULD HAVE REACHED THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000.
第6题
The word "overwhelming" in the passage is closest in meaning to
READ THE PASSAG
E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLE THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000. SPECULATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THESE PACIFIC ISLANDERS BEGAN AS SOON AS OUTSIDERS ENCOUNTERED THEM; IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLID LINGUISTIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DATA, MANY FANCIFUL AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE THEORIES WERE DEVISE
D. PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE VARIOUSLY THOUGHT TO HAVE COME FROM NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND INDIA, AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST ASIA. MANY OLDER THEORIES IMPLICITLY DEPRECATED THE NAVIGATIONAL ABILITIES AND OVERALL CULTURAL CREATIVITY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS. FOR EXAMPLE, BRITISH ANTHROPOLOGISTS
G. ELLIOT SMITH AND W.
J. PERRY ASSUMED THAT ONLY EGYPTIANS WOULD HAVE BEEN SKILLED ENOUGH TO NAVIGATE AND COLONIZE THE PACIFI
C. THEY INFERRED THAT THE EGYPTIANS EVEN CROSSED THE PACIFIC TO FOUND THE GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD(NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA). IN 1947 NORWEGIAN ADVENTURER THOR HEYERDAHL DRIFTED ON A BALSA-LOG RAFT WESTWARD WITH THE WINDS AND CURRENTS ACROSS THE PACIFIC FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO PROVE HIS THEORY THAT PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE NATIVE AMERICANS(ALSO CALLED AMERICAN INDIANS). LATER HEYERDAHL SUGGESTED THAT THE PACIFIC WAS PEOPLED BY THREE MIGRATIONS: BY NATIVE AMERICANS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA DRIFTING TO HAWAII, BY PERUVIANS DRIFTING TO EASTER ISLAND, AND BY MELANESIANS. IN 1969 HE CROSSED THE ATLANTIC IN AN EGYPTIAN-STYLE. REED BOAT TO PROVE EGYPTIAN INFLUENCES IN THE AMERICAS. CONTRARY TO THESE THEORISTS, THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, AND ARCHAEOLOGY SHOWS THAT THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS CAME FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA AND WERE SKILLED ENOUGH AS NAVIGATORS TO SAIL AGAINST THE PREVAILING WINDS AND CURRENTS. THE BASIC CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS INCLUDE THE APPROPRIATE BOAT-BUILDING, SAILING, AND NAVIGATION SKILLS TO GET TO THE ISLANDS IN THE FIRST PLACE; DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND GARDENING SKILLS SUITED TO OFTEN MARGINAL CONDITIONS; AND A VARIED INVENTORY OF FISHING IMPLEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES. IT IS NOW GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT THESE PREREQUISITES ORIGINATED WITH PEOPLES SPEAKING AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES(A GROUP OF SEVERAL HUNDRED RELATED LANGUAGES)AND BEGAN TO EMERGE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BY ABOUT 5000
B.
C.
E. THE CULTURE OF THAT TIME, BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION, IS ASSUMED TO HAVE HAD A BROAD INVENTORY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS INCLUDING TARO, YAMS, BANANA, SUGARCANE, BREADFRUIT, COCONUT, SAGO, AND RIC
E. JUST AS IMPORTANT, THE CULTURE ALSO POSSESSED THE BASIC FOUNDATION FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME ADAPTATION, INCLUDING OUTRIGGER CANOES AND A VARIETY OF FISHING TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVE FOR OVERSEAS VOYAGIN
G. CONTRARY TO THE ARGUMENTS OF SOME THAT MUCH OF THE PACIFIC WAS SETTLED BY POLYNESIANS ACCIDENTALLY MAROONED AFTER BEING LOST AND ADRIFT, IT SEEMS REASONABLE THAT THIS FEAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY DELIBERATE COLONIZATION EXPEDITIONS THAT SET OUT FULLY STOCKED WITH FOOD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS. DETAILED STUDIES OF THE WINDS AND CURRENTS USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SUGGEST THAT DRIFTING CANOES WOULD HAVE BEEN A MOST UNLIKELY MEANS OF COLONIZING THE PACIFI
C. THESE EXPEDITIONS WERE LIKELY DRIVEN BY POPULATION GROWTH AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS ON THE HOME ISLANDS, AS WELL AS THE CHALLENGE AND EXCITEMENT OF EXPLORING UNKNOWN WATERS. BECAUSE ALL POLYNESIANS, MICRONESIANS, AND MANY MELANESIANS SPEAK AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES AND GROW CROPS DERIVED FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALL THESE PEOPLES MOST CERTAINLY DERIVED FROM THAT REGION AND NOT THE NEW WORLD OR ELSEWHER
E. THE UNDISPUTED PRE-COLUMBIAN PRESENCE IN OCEANIA OF THE SWEET POTATO, WHICH IS A NEW WORLD DOMESTICATE, HAS SOMETIMES BEEN USED TO SUPPORT HEYERDAHL"S "AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE PACIFIC" THEORIES. HOWEVER, THIS IS ONE PLANT OUT OF A LONG LIST OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN DOMESTICATES. AS PATRICK KIRCH, AN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, POINTS OUT, RATHER THAN BEING BROUGHT BY RAFTING SOUTH AMERICANS, SWEET POTATOES MIGHT JUST HAVE EASILY BEEN BROUGHT BACK BY RETURNING POLYNESIAN NAVIGATORS WHO COULD HAVE REACHED THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN
D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000.
第7题
DIRECTIONS: READ THE PASSAG
E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. CAVE ART IN EUROPE THE EARLIEST DISCOVERED TRACES OF ART ARE BEADS AND CARVINGS, AND THEN PAINTINGS, FROM SITES DATING BACK TO THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIO
D. WE MIGHT EXPECT THAT EARLY ARTISTIC EFFORTS WOULD BE CRUDE, BUT THE CAVE PAINTINGS OF SPAIN AND SOUTHERN FRANCE SHOW A MARKED DEGREE OF SKILL. SO DO THE NATURALISTIC PAINTINGS ON SLABS OF STONE EXCAVATED IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. SOME OF THOSE SLABS APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN PAINTED AS MUCH AS 28,000 YEARS AGO, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT PAINTING IN AFRICA IS AS OLD AS PAINTING IN EUROP
E. BUT PAINTING MAY BE EVEN OLDER THAN THAT. THE EARLY AUSTRALIANS MAY HAVE PAINTED ON THE WALLS OF ROCK SHELTERS AND CLIFF FACES AT LEAST 30,000 YEARS AGO, AND MAYBE AS MUCH AS 60,000 YEARS AGO. THE RESEARCHERS PETER UCKO AND ANDREE ROSENFELD IDENTIFIED THREE PRINCIPAL LOCATIONS OF PAINTINGS IN THE CAVES OF WESTERN EUROPE:(1)IN OBVIOUSLY INHABITED ROCK SHELTERS AND CAVE ENTRANCES;(2)IN GALLERIES IMMEDIATELY OFF THE INHABITED AREAS OF CAVES; AND(3)IN THE INNER REACHES OF CAVES, WHOSE DIFFICULTY OF ACCESS HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY SOME AS A SIGN THAT MAGICAL-RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES WERE PERFORMED THER
E. THE SUBJECTS OF THE PAINTINGS ARE MOSTLY ANIMALS. THE PAINTINGS REST ON BARE WALLS, WITH NO BACKDROPS OR ENVIRONMENTAL TRAPPINGS. PERHAPS, LIKE MANY CONTEMPORARY PEOPLES, UPPER PALEOLITHIC MEN AND WOMEN BELIEVED THAT THE DRAWING OF A HUMAN IMAGE COULD CAUSE DEATH OR INJURY, AND IF THAT WERE INDEED THEIR BELIEF, IT MIGHT EXPLAIN WHY HUMAN FIGURES ARE RARELY DEPICTED IN CAVE ART. ANOTHER EXPLANATION FOR THE FOCUS ON ANIMALS MIGHT BE THAT THESE PEOPLE SOUGHT TO IMPROVE THEIR LUCK AT HUNTIN
G. THIS THEORY IS SUGGESTED BY EVIDENCE OF CHIPS IN THE PAINTED FIGURES, PERHAPS MADE BY SPEARS THROWN AT THE DRAWINGS. BUT IF IMPROVING THEIR HUNTING LUCK WAS THE CHIEF MOTIVATION FOR THE PAINTINGS, IT IS DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN WHY ONLY A FEW SHOW SIGNS OF HAVING BEEN SPEARE
D. PERHAPS THE PAINTINGS WERE INSPIRED BY THE NEED TO INCREASE THE SUPPLY OF ANIMALS. CAVE ART SEEMS TO HAVE REACHED A PEAK TOWARD THE END OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIOD, WHEN THE HERDS OF GAME WERE DECREASIN
G. THE PARTICULAR SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CAVE PAINTINGS IN SOUTHWESTERN FRANCE IS MORE EXPLICITLY REVEALED, PERHAPS, BY THE RESULTS OF A STUDY CONDUCTED BY RESEARCHERS PATRICIA RICE AND ANN PATERSO
N. THE DATA THEY PRESENT SUGGEST THAT THE ANIMALS PORTRAYED IN THE CAVE PAINTINGS WERE MOSTLY THE ONES THAT THE PAINTERS PREFERRED FOR MEAT AND FOR MATERIALS SUCH AS HIDES. FOR EXAMPLE, WILD CATTLE(BOVINES)AND HORSES ARE PORTRAYED MORE OFTEN THAN WE WOULD EXPECT BY CHANCE, PROBABLY BECAUSE THEY WERE LARGER AND HEAVIER(MEATIER)THAN OTHER ANIMALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT. IN ADDITION, THE PAINTINGS MOSTLY PORTRAY ANIMALS THAT THE PAINTERS MAY HAVE FEARED THE MOST BECAUSE OF THEIR SIZE, SPEED, NATURAL WEAPONS SUCH AS TUSKS AND HORNS, AND THE UNPREDICTABILITY OF THEIR BEHAVIOR. THAT IS, MAMMOTHS, BOVINES, AND HORSES ARE PORTRAYED MORE OFTEN THAN DEER AND REINDEER. THUS, THE PAINTINGS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE IDEA THAT THE ART IS RELATED TO THE IMPORTANCE OF HUNTING IN THE ECONOMY OF UPPER PALEOLITHIC PEOPL
E. CONSISTENT WITH THIS IDEA, ACCORDING TO THE INVESTIGATORS, IS THE FACT THAT THE ART OF THE CULTURAL PERIOD THAT FOLLOWED THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC ALSO SEEMS TO REFLECT HOW PEOPLE GOT THEIR FOO
D. BUT IN THAT PERIOD, WHEN GETTING FOOD NO LONGER DEPENDED ON HUNTING LARGE GAME ANIMALS(BECAUSE THEY WERE BECOMING EXTINCT), THE ART CEASED TO FOCUS ON PORTRAYALS OF ANIMALS. UPPER PALEOLITHIC ART WAS NOT CONFINED TO CAVE PAINTINGS. MANY SHAFTS OF SPEARS AND SIMILAR OBJECTS WERE DECORATED WITH FIGURES OF ANIMALS. THE ANTHROPOLOGIST ALEXANDER MARSHACK HAS AN INTERESTING INTERPRETATION OF SOME OF THE ENGRAVINGS MADE DURING THE UPPER PALEOLITHI
C. HE BELIEVES THAT AS FAR BACK AS 30,000
B.
C., HUNTERS MAY HAVE USED A SYSTEM OF NOTATION, ENGRAVED ON BONE AND STONE, TO MARK PHASES OF THE MOO
N. IF THIS IS TRUE, IT WOULD MEAN THAT UPPER PALEOLITHIC PEOPLE WERE CAPABLE OF COMPLEX THOUGHT AND WERE CONSCIOUSLY AWARE OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT. IN ADDITION TO OTHER ARTWORKS, FIGURINES REPRESENTING THE HUMAN FEMALE IN EXAGGERATED FORM. HAVE ALSO BEEN FOUND AT UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITES. IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THESE FIGURINES WERE AN IDEAL TYPE OR AN EXPRESSION OF A DESIRE FOR FERTILITY. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE EARLIEST DISCOVERED TRACES OF ART ARE BEADS AND CARVINGS, AND THEN PAINTINGS, FROM SITES DATING BACK TO THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIO
D. WE MIGHT EXPECT THAT EARLY ARTISTIC EFFORTS WOULD BE CRUDE, BUT THE CAVE PAINTINGS OF SPAIN AND SOUTHERN FRANCE SHOW A MARKED DEGREE OF SKILL. SO DO THE NATURALISTIC PAINTINGS ON SLABS OF STONE EXCAVATED IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. SOME OF THOSE SLABS APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN PAINTED AS MUCH AS 28,000 YEARS AGO, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT PAINTING IN AFRICA IS AS OLD AS PAINTING IN EUROP
E. BUT PAINTING MAY BE EVEN OLDER THAN THAT. THE EARLY AUSTRALIANS MAY HAVE PAINTED ON THE WALLS OF ROCK SHELTERS AND CLIFF FACES AT LEAST 30,000 YEARS AGO, AND MAYBE AS MUCH AS 60,000 YEARS AGO.
第8题
The word "principal" in the passage is closest in meaning to
DIRECTIONS: READ THE PASSAG
E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. CAVE ART IN EUROPE THE EARLIEST DISCOVERED TRACES OF ART ARE BEADS AND CARVINGS, AND THEN PAINTINGS, FROM SITES DATING BACK TO THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIO
D. WE MIGHT EXPECT THAT EARLY ARTISTIC EFFORTS WOULD BE CRUDE, BUT THE CAVE PAINTINGS OF SPAIN AND SOUTHERN FRANCE SHOW A MARKED DEGREE OF SKILL. SO DO THE NATURALISTIC PAINTINGS ON SLABS OF STONE EXCAVATED IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. SOME OF THOSE SLABS APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN PAINTED AS MUCH AS 28,000 YEARS AGO, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT PAINTING IN AFRICA IS AS OLD AS PAINTING IN EUROP
E. BUT PAINTING MAY BE EVEN OLDER THAN THAT. THE EARLY AUSTRALIANS MAY HAVE PAINTED ON THE WALLS OF ROCK SHELTERS AND CLIFF FACES AT LEAST 30,000 YEARS AGO, AND MAYBE AS MUCH AS 60,000 YEARS AGO. THE RESEARCHERS PETER UCKO AND ANDREE ROSENFELD IDENTIFIED THREE PRINCIPAL LOCATIONS OF PAINTINGS IN THE CAVES OF WESTERN EUROPE:(1)IN OBVIOUSLY INHABITED ROCK SHELTERS AND CAVE ENTRANCES;(2)IN GALLERIES IMMEDIATELY OFF THE INHABITED AREAS OF CAVES; AND(3)IN THE INNER REACHES OF CAVES, WHOSE DIFFICULTY OF ACCESS HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY SOME AS A SIGN THAT MAGICAL-RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES WERE PERFORMED THER
E. THE SUBJECTS OF THE PAINTINGS ARE MOSTLY ANIMALS. THE PAINTINGS REST ON BARE WALLS, WITH NO BACKDROPS OR ENVIRONMENTAL TRAPPINGS. PERHAPS, LIKE MANY CONTEMPORARY PEOPLES, UPPER PALEOLITHIC MEN AND WOMEN BELIEVED THAT THE DRAWING OF A HUMAN IMAGE COULD CAUSE DEATH OR INJURY, AND IF THAT WERE INDEED THEIR BELIEF, IT MIGHT EXPLAIN WHY HUMAN FIGURES ARE RARELY DEPICTED IN CAVE ART. ANOTHER EXPLANATION FOR THE FOCUS ON ANIMALS MIGHT BE THAT THESE PEOPLE SOUGHT TO IMPROVE THEIR LUCK AT HUNTIN
G. THIS THEORY IS SUGGESTED BY EVIDENCE OF CHIPS IN THE PAINTED FIGURES, PERHAPS MADE BY SPEARS THROWN AT THE DRAWINGS. BUT IF IMPROVING THEIR HUNTING LUCK WAS THE CHIEF MOTIVATION FOR THE PAINTINGS, IT IS DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN WHY ONLY A FEW SHOW SIGNS OF HAVING BEEN SPEARE
D. PERHAPS THE PAINTINGS WERE INSPIRED BY THE NEED TO INCREASE THE SUPPLY OF ANIMALS. CAVE ART SEEMS TO HAVE REACHED A PEAK TOWARD THE END OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIOD, WHEN THE HERDS OF GAME WERE DECREASIN
G. THE PARTICULAR SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CAVE PAINTINGS IN SOUTHWESTERN FRANCE IS MORE EXPLICITLY REVEALED, PERHAPS, BY THE RESULTS OF A STUDY CONDUCTED BY RESEARCHERS PATRICIA RICE AND ANN PATERSO
N. THE DATA THEY PRESENT SUGGEST THAT THE ANIMALS PORTRAYED IN THE CAVE PAINTINGS WERE MOSTLY THE ONES THAT THE PAINTERS PREFERRED FOR MEAT AND FOR MATERIALS SUCH AS HIDES. FOR EXAMPLE, WILD CATTLE(BOVINES)AND HORSES ARE PORTRAYED MORE OFTEN THAN WE WOULD EXPECT BY CHANCE, PROBABLY BECAUSE THEY WERE LARGER AND HEAVIER(MEATIER)THAN OTHER ANIMALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT. IN ADDITION, THE PAINTINGS MOSTLY PORTRAY ANIMALS THAT THE PAINTERS MAY HAVE FEARED THE MOST BECAUSE OF THEIR SIZE, SPEED, NATURAL WEAPONS SUCH AS TUSKS AND HORNS, AND THE UNPREDICTABILITY OF THEIR BEHAVIOR. THAT IS, MAMMOTHS, BOVINES, AND HORSES ARE PORTRAYED MORE OFTEN THAN DEER AND REINDEER. THUS, THE PAINTINGS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE IDEA THAT THE ART IS RELATED TO THE IMPORTANCE OF HUNTING IN THE ECONOMY OF UPPER PALEOLITHIC PEOPL
E. CONSISTENT WITH THIS IDEA, ACCORDING TO THE INVESTIGATORS, IS THE FACT THAT THE ART OF THE CULTURAL PERIOD THAT FOLLOWED THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC ALSO SEEMS TO REFLECT HOW PEOPLE GOT THEIR FOO
D. BUT IN THAT PERIOD, WHEN GETTING FOOD NO LONGER DEPENDED ON HUNTING LARGE GAME ANIMALS(BECAUSE THEY WERE BECOMING EXTINCT), THE ART CEASED TO FOCUS ON PORTRAYALS OF ANIMALS. UPPER PALEOLITHIC ART WAS NOT CONFINED TO CAVE PAINTINGS. MANY SHAFTS OF SPEARS AND SIMILAR OBJECTS WERE DECORATED WITH FIGURES OF ANIMALS. THE ANTHROPOLOGIST ALEXANDER MARSHACK HAS AN INTERESTING INTERPRETATION OF SOME OF THE ENGRAVINGS MADE DURING THE UPPER PALEOLITHI
C. HE BELIEVES THAT AS FAR BACK AS 30,000
B.
C., HUNTERS MAY HAVE USED A SYSTEM OF NOTATION, ENGRAVED ON BONE AND STONE, TO MARK PHASES OF THE MOO
N. IF THIS IS TRUE, IT WOULD MEAN THAT UPPER PALEOLITHIC PEOPLE WERE CAPABLE OF COMPLEX THOUGHT AND WERE CONSCIOUSLY AWARE OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT. IN ADDITION TO OTHER ARTWORKS, FIGURINES REPRESENTING THE HUMAN FEMALE IN EXAGGERATED FORM. HAVE ALSO BEEN FOUND AT UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITES. IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THESE FIGURINES WERE AN IDEAL TYPE OR AN EXPRESSION OF A DESIRE FOR FERTILITY. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE EARLIEST DISCOVERED TRACES OF ART ARE BEADS AND CARVINGS, AND THEN PAINTINGS, FROM SITES DATING BACK TO THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIO
D. WE MIGHT EXPECT THAT EARLY ARTISTIC EFFORTS WOULD BE CRUDE, BUT THE CAVE PAINTINGS OF SPAIN AND SOUTHERN FRANCE SHOW A MARKED DEGREE OF SKILL. SO DO THE NATURALISTIC PAINTINGS ON SLABS OF STONE EXCAVATED IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. SOME OF THOSE SLABS APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN PAINTED AS MUCH AS 28,000 YEARS AGO, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT PAINTING IN AFRICA IS AS OLD AS PAINTING IN EUROP
E. BUT PAINTING MAY BE EVEN OLDER THAN THAT. THE EARLY AUSTRALIANS MAY HAVE PAINTED ON THE WALLS OF ROCK SHELTERS AND CLIFF FACES AT LEAST 30,000 YEARS AGO, AND MAYBE AS MUCH AS 60,000 YEARS AGO.
第9题
Passage One
Questions 17 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
听力原文：
Passage One I first met Joe Gans when we were both nine years old, which is probably the
only reason he’s one of my best friends. If I had first met Joe as a freshman in high
school, we wouldn’t even have had the chance to get to know each other. Joe is a day
student, but I am a boarding student. We haven’t been in the same classes, sports, or
extracurricular activities.
Nonetheless, I spend nearly every weekend at his house and we talk on the phone every
night. This is not to say that we would not have been compatible if we had first met in our
freshman year. Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know
each other due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests. In fact, to be honest,
I struggle even now to think of things we have in common. But maybe that’s what makes us
enjoy each other’s company so much. When I look at my friendship with Joe, I wonder how
many people I’ve known whom I never disliked, but simply didn’t take the time to get to
know. Thanks to Joe, I have realized how little basis there is for the social divisions
that exist in every community. Since this realization, I have begun to make an even more
determined effort to find friends in unexpected people and places.
Questions 17to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. Why does the speaker say Joe Gans became one of his best friends？
A.They shared mutual friends in school.
B.They had many interests in common.
C.They shared many extracurricular activities.
D.They had known each other since childhood.
第10题
Where does Mr. Anderson come from？
A．He is from Canada.
B．He is from England.
C．He is from America.
D．He is from another country.
第11题
A．A permit from the local government.
B．A permit from the customhouse.
C．A permit from the post office.
D．A permit from the police station.
