Actually, what occurred to Einstein was something more like the beginning of a solution to
第1题
People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information", says James Foard, associate director of National Institute on Aging. "Most of us don't need that kind of skills. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness." Foard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.
Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. "The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says, "Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size."
When people are engaged in a mental activity, they ______.
A.become much wiser
B.are generally happier
C.will be more careful about what they are doing
D.will have a good memory
第2题
What is the passage mainly about?
A.How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.
B.Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.
C.How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.
D.Why people should receive special mental training as they age.
第3题
A.tum to
B.apply to
C.occur to
D.agree to
第4题
In what way was the blackout of 1997 not really a repeat performance?
A.There was much more disorder.
B.This time the electricity supply failed.
C.It was quite unexpected.
D.It did not occur within five years of 1965.
第5题
What needs to occur for the goals of the fourth women's conference to be realized?
A.Legislations calling for the advancement of women should be enforced.
B.Create a climate that allows and encourages social development on a national scale.
C.Create new technological opportunities for women in China.
D.Abolish economic barriers between China and the West.
第6题
What has been scheduled to occur right after the tour?
A.Some snacks have been prepared for the listeners.
B.Some time will be set aside to speak to the artists.
C.Some of the patrons will get a chance to draw some pictures.
D.Some of the items will be auctioned off.
第7题
?Look at the article below about effective communication and the questions over the page.
?For each question (13-18) , mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
Good Communication Counts in the Workplace
Effective communication is essential for all organizations. It links the activities of the various parts of the organization and ensures that everyone is working towards a common goal. It is also extremely important for motivating employees. Staff need to know how they are getting on. what they are doing right and in which areas they could improve. Working alone can be extremely difficult and it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support. Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributes to tile overall success of the firm. Personal communication should also include target setting. People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and the subordinate and not imposed.
However firms often have communication problems that can undermine their performance. In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way. There are, of course, several ways of conveying information to others in the organization. These include speaking to them directly, e-mailing, telephoning or sending a memo. The most appropriate method depends on what exactly it is you are communicating. For example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as art employee's appraisal, should be done fee-to-face.
One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have the time or resources needed to communicate effectively. In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress with each employee individually. Obviously this task can be delegated but at the cost of creating a gap between senior management and staff. As a result, managers are often forced to use other methods of communication, such as memos or notes, even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passing on messages.
The use of technology, such as e-mail. MP3 and network systems, is speeding up communication immensely. However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial: systems can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training. There are many communications tools available but a firm cannot usually afford all of them. And even if it could, it does not actually need them all. The organisation must weigh up the potential gains against the costs, and firms should realise that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication.
As the number of people involved in an organisation increases, the use of written communication rises even faster. Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out numerous messages can be passed backwards and forwards. This can lead to a huge amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face-to-face communication. When you are actually talking to someone you can discuss things until you are happy they have understood and feedback is immediate. With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received. What you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different.
The amount of written information generated in large organizations today can lead to communication overload. So much information is gathered that it gets in the way of making decisions. Take a look at the average manager's desk and you will see the problem --it is often covered in letters, reports and memos. This overload can lead to inefficiencies. For example, managers may not be able to find the inf
A.some feedback on their job performance.
B.an explanation of how company targets have been set.
C.information on promotion prospects within the company.
D.an indication of which duties they can expect assistance with.
第8题
If the salinity(含盐量) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is round to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the sales stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The elements of salt.
B.The bodies of water of the world.
C.The many forms of ocean life.
D.The salinity of ocean water.
第9题
How did the accident occur?
A.Amy didn't stop at a crossroads and a truck hit their car.
B.Amy didn't know what to do when she saw the stop sign.
C.Amy didn't slow down so their car ran into a truck.
D.Amy didn't get off the highway at a crossroads.
第10题
What is the important discovery about seismic waves mentioned by the instructor?
A.They occur at regular intervals.
B.They can withstand great heat.
C.They travel through the Earth"s interior.
D.They can record the Earth"s internal temperature.