A person’s vision is likely to be affected if a stroke____.

d, or as【C1】______. Each age of onset has a different name and the deafness may have different【C2】______.

Prenatal deafness means that a baby is born deaf. There are several reasons【C3】______ this can happen. If parents are deaf, they may have a deaf baby. There are genes【C4】______ deafness that hearing parents can also【C5】______ on to their child. Other prenatal【C6】______ of deafness can include: accidents; medicine or drugs that the mother takes; illnesses; and genetic syndromes.

Genetic syndromes are a group of characteristics that a child【C7】______ from its parents. There are two very common types of genetic syndromes related to deafness. One is Waardenburg's Syndrome. Its characteristics are very【C8】______. The

person may have pigment (色素)【C9】______: a streak (条纹) of white hair; two different color eyes; or streaks of white in a man's【C10】______. It is【C11】______ to have the physical traits of Waardenburg's Syndrome but not be deaf.

Usher's Syndrome is also fairly【C12】______. Children with Usher's Syndrome are born with a hearing loss and later lose their【C13】______. The first symptoms of this genetic syndrome【C14】______ at【C15】______ A person with Usher's Syndrome will【C16】______ problems seeing well in the dark. Later, they will lose their peripheral (外围的) vision and see only within a tunnel area in front of them. This is called "tunnel vision." Persons may eventually lose more and more of their vision and become blind or【C17】______ blind. If you notice that a(n)【C18】______ person does not see you when you stand at his or her【C19】______, that person may have this syndrome. The best way to communicate with a person who has Usher's Syndrome is to stand directly in front and to sign【C20】______.

【C1】

A． adults

B． friends

C． relatives

D． students

. According to Dr. Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She had studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.

However, there was some decline in their psychomotor (精神运动的) speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.

It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call "loss of memory" is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new things at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessary a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply as sign of a depressed emotional state.

听力原文： Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Lissy F. Javik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Jarvik has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik's continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 8Os, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.

However, there was some decline in their psychomotor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they last very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s but also into 60s and 70s as well.

As for learning new things, and ability to remember, studies by Dr. Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young. It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call "loss of memory" is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at a speed that was too fast.

In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of a decay due to old age or "senility". Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. The depression usually can be counteracted by counseling, therapy with a psychologist, or medications which fight depression.

(30)

A．It remains as active as ever.

B．It tends to be less active.

C．It loses the ability to reason.

D．It functions well in learning new things.

n，or was trying to learn thenew thing at too fast a pace.

tention. You are supposed to look at a 【21】______ just enough to show that you're 【22】______ of his presence. If you look too little, you appear arrogant or furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的), too much, 【23】______ you're inquisitive. Usually what happens is that people 【24】______ each other until they are about eight feet 【25】______ , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Dr. Erving Goffman 【26】______ this as "a kind of dimming of lights."

Much of eye behavior. is so 【27】______ that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a 【28】______ with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. 【29】______ are he looks at you more often than is usual with 【30】______ a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign of a polite one 【31】______ he is interested in you as a person 【32】______ just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both 【33】______ and sincere.

All this has been demonstrated in elaborate 【34】______ . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist's laboratory, 【35】______ of the fact that their eye behavior. is being 【36】______ from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, 【37】______ were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were 【38】______ and observed. It was found that those who had 【39】______ met the interviewer's eyes less often than was 【40】______ , an indication that "shifty eyes" to use the mystery writers' stock phrase can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt.

【21】

A．friend

B．foreigner

C．passerby

D．stranger

tention. You are supposed to look at a 【21】______ just enough to show that you are 【22】______ of his presence. If you look too little, you appear proud, 【23】______ much and you are curious. Usually what happens is that people 【24】______ each other until they are about eight feet 【25】______ , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Erring Goffman 【26】______ this as "a king of dimming of lights".

Much of eye behavior. is so 【27】______ that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a 【28】______ with someone makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. 【29】______ are he looks at you more often than is usual with 【30】______ a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign -- a polite one -- 【31】______ he is interested in you as a person 【32】______ than just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both 【33】______ and sincere.

All this has been demonstrated in elaborate 【34】______ . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist's laboratory, 【35】______ of the fact that their eye behavior. is being 【36】______ from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, 【37】______ were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were 【38】______ and observed. It was found that those who had 【39】______ met the interviewer's eyes less often than was 【40】______ , an indication that "shifty eyes" -- to use the mystery writers' stock phrase -- can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt.

【21】

A．friend

B．foreigner

C．passerby

D．stranger

【A4】

A.DECIDE WHAT YOU CAN AND CAN"T LIVE WIT

H.

B.OPEN PEOPLE"S MINDS BY BEING OPEN MINDE

D.

C.CALMNESS IS A COMMODITY.

D.CREATE A VISION THAT OTHERS CAN SE

E.

E.START WITH YOURSEL

F. LEADERSHIP THROUGH CHALLENGING TIMES STRONG LEADERSHIP IS PREFERABLE WITHIN ANY ECONOMIC CLIMATE, BUT IT IS CLEARLY AN ESSENTIAL QUALITY IN TIMES OF ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL UNCERTAINTY.LEADERSHIP SKILLS ARE HIGHLY PRIZED WITHIN COMPANIES AND ORGANISATIONS, AS THEY CAN GENUINELY AFFECT THE PRODUCTIVITY, MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES, AND THUS ADD TO THE COMPANY"S BOTTOM LINE AS A WHOL

E.HERE ARE SOME TIPS ON BECOMING A MORE EFFECTIVE LEADER. 【A1】______ NO PERSON CAN EXPECT TO INFLUENCE AND EARN THE RESPECT OF OTHERS IF THEY ARE NOT DEMONSTRABLY IN FULL CONTROL OF THEIR OWN PROFESSIONAL LIVES.THIS IS NOT JUST ABOUT SETTING A GOOD EXAMPLE TO OTHERS, ALTHOUGH THAT IS IMPORTANT, BUT IT IS ALSO THE REALIZATION THAT AN EFFECTIVE LEADER SHOULD ALSO LEAD THEMSELVES AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF THE COMPANY, RATHER THAN BEING A DISTANT FIGURE THAT SIMPLY DELEGATES ORDERS AND WORKLOADS.IT IS ONLY THROUGH BEING ON TOP OF YOUR GAME THAT YOU CAN BEGIN TO START DEVELOPING THE TONES, QUALITIES AND SKILLS TO INSPIRE AND MOTIVATE OTHERS. 【A2】______ IN A WORLD OF COMMERCIAL UNCERTAINTY, CALMNESS BECOMES A DIMINISHING AND THEREFORE VALUABLE RESOURC

E.WE HAVE ALL BEEN AT POSITIONS WITHIN OUR CAREERS WHERE WE HAVE BENEFITED FROM THE COOLHEADED THINKING OF OTHERS, AND GREAT LEADERS TEND TO EXUDE A CONFIDENCE AND CALMNESS REGARDLESS OF THE TURMOIL AROUND THE

M.IF YOU WANT TO LEAD AND MOTIVATE OTHERS, ESPECIALLY DURING TOUGH COMMERCIAL TIMES, YOU MUST FIRST ESTABLISH A REPUTATION FOR CALM, CLEAR THINKING YOURSEL

F. 【A3】______ TO BE TRUE LEADER AMONGST YOUR COLLEAGUES, YOU MUST FIRST DEVELOP A VISION OF THE COMMERCIALFUTURE THAT YOU MIGHT ULTIMATELY COMMUNICATE AND LEAD THEM TOWARDS.YOUR VISION MUST BE AS SHREWD AS IT IS COHERENT, AS COMPREHENSIVE AS IT IS INCLUSIVE, AND AS ACHIEVABLE AS IT IS FAR REACHIN

G.LOOK AROUND YOU AT PEOPLE THAT YOU BELIEVE TO BE EFFECTIVE LEADERS, AND YOU WILL FIND THAT THEY GENERALLY HAVE A SINGLE-MINDED GRASP OF BOTH THE CURRENT SITUATION AND THE DESIRED OUTCOMES OF THE FUTUR

E.THIS ABILITY TO PERCEIVE ACTIONS THAT WILL MAKE A POSITIVE IMPACT ON YOUR COMPANY"S FUTURE PERFORMANCE AND ACHIEVE AGREEMENT AMONGST YOUR COLLEAGUES TO WORK TOWARDS SHARED GOALS IS AT THE CORE OF PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP. 【A4】______ PARTICULARLY DURING TIMES OF COMMERCIAL AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE, AN OPEN MIND AND A FLEXIBILITY OF APPROACH ARE KEY COMPONENTS OF YOUR LEADERSHIP SKILLS.THERE WILL BE PRESSURE TO DELIVER RESULTS, ALTHOUGH AN OPEN MIND IS A CREATIVE MIND, AND A CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE APPROACH MAY WELL PAY DIVIDENDS IN TODAY"S CHALLENGING CONDITIONS.BY KEEPING AN OPEN MIND, AND BEING ENCOURAGING TOWARDS YOUR COLLEAGUES" IDEAS, YOU WILL NOT ONLY INSPIRE THEM TO INNOVATE FURTHER, BUT YOU MAY WELL ALSO FIND THAT A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT OFTEN YIELDS THE BEST RESULTS. 【A5】______ SETTING THE BOUNDARIES OF WHAT YOU CONSIDER TO BE ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE AMONGST BOTH YOUR COLLEAGUES AND YOURSELF IS KEY TO EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP.IN DOING THIS, AND DOING IT AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE, YOU SHOULD ENSURE CLEAR GUIDANCE IS LAID DOWN AS TO YOU EXPECT PEOPLE TO OPERAT

E.IT IS ALSO WISE TO BE A REALIST, HOWEVER, AND TO ACCEPT THAT THERE MAY BE SOME THINGS THAT YOU MAY WISH TO, BUT CANNOT CHANGE IN THE SHORT TER

M.BUT THEN IS WHAT THE MID AND LONG TERM IS FOR.