Screen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of br - 试题答案网问答

第1题

回答{TSE}题： Screen Test 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X－rays to pickup

回答{TSE}题： Screen Test 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pickup signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can oftenbe treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women arecontroversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducingcancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X rays because theirbreast tissue is denser. 3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysedthe effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. Afterestimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models tocalculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's NationalRadiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programmewould cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferredby the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to alower figure of 20 cancers. 5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-inducedcancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger numberof cancers that are discovered and treateD．The Valencia programme,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 womenscreened. 6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancerfrom radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening beganat 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. Theresults of their study, they suggest, could help "optimize thetechnique" for breast cancer screening. 7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits ofbreast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB．But he warnsthat the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of thecurrent data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there isa risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should beminimized in any screening programme.” {TS} Paragraph 2__________ 回答{TSE}题： Screen Test 1 Every year millions of wom

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第2题

根据材料请回答 23～30 Screen Test Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays

根据材料请回答 23～30

Screen Test Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast canc-er.If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes.Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the USA and Spain, screen women under 50. But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the tradition brings a small risk of inducing cancer.Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. Researchers at the Polytechnic University(理工大学)of Valencia analyzed the, effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cu-mulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. The mathematical model recommended by Britain' s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very signifi- cant" compared to the far greater number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study, they suggest, could help"optimize the technique" for breast cancer screening. "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks, "admits Michael Clark of the NRPB．But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That's why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme."

第 23 题 Paragraph 2________.

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第3题

根据以下材料，回答题Screen Test（1） Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to

根据以下材料，回答题

Screen Test

（1） Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early cough， the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year，21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them， including Australia， Canada， the US and Spain， screen women under 50.

（2） But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial， partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also， younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.

（3） Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160，000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women"s increasing dose of radiation， they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.

（4） The mathematical model recommended by Britain"s National Radiological Protection Board（NRPB） predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100，000 women，18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led， to a lower figure of 20 cancers.

（5） The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme， they say， detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100，000 women screened.

（6） But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45， because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study， they suggest， could help "optimise （完善）the technique" for breast cancer screening.

（7） "There is a trade-off （平衡） between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks."admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data， for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That"s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme."

Paragraph 2 ___________ 查看材料

A.Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman

B.Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation Models

C.Investigating the Effect of Screening

D.Effects Predicted by Two Different

E.Treatment of Cancers

F.Factors That Trigger Cancers

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第4题

根据以下资料，回答{TSE}题。 Screen Test Every year millions of women are screened with X—ra

ys to pick up signs of breast cancer．If this happens early enough，the disease can often be treated successfully．According to a survey published last year，21 countries have screening programmes．Nine of them，including Australia，Canada，the us and Spain，screen women under 50． But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial，partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer．Als0，younger women must be given higher doses of X—rays because their breast tissue is denser． Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160．000 women at ll local clinics．After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation，they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause． The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board(NR—PB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100，000 women，180f them fatal．The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers． The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is“not very significant”corn—pared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated．The Valencia programme， they say，detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every l00，000 women screened． But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45，because they would be exposed to less radiation．The resuits of their study，they suggest，could help“optimise the technique’’for breast cancer screening． “There is a trade—off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks．”admits Mi—chael Clark of the NRPB．But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution．“0n the basis of the current data，for every lo cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life．That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme．” {TS}Paragraph 2————————————

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第5题

Most consumers are familiar with bar codes. Those black-and-white stripes appear on almost

every product purchased. Often the codes are scanned at the checkout counter, causing the item name and its price to appear on (141) the cash register screen and the receipt. This gives a record to the consumer and helps store management monitor inventory.

Many delivery services use bar codes to track the progress of each envelope, package, or crate in transit. Every item (142) a bar code, which is read at a number of points from the moment it leaves the sender's hands to the moment the recipient accepts the delivery.

An interesting use for the bar code has been developed by a scientist who works with bees. The scientist attached bar codes to the backs of individual bees in order to (143) them and to follow their movements. Laser scanners at the entrance of the hive read the bar codes to monitor how long each bee had been gone from the hive. By keeping (144) of individual bees, scientists hope to learn more about honey production. Knowing how far bees travel to gather pollen and how many trips they make back to the hive could eventually help beekeepers predict honey yields.

(41)

A．so

B．either

C．each

D．both

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第6题

Screen Test1．Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of bre

Screen Test

1．Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year，21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.

2．But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial，partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.

3．Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.

4．The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board(NR- PB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower

figure of 20 cancers.

5．The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme，they say，detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.

6．But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimize the technique" for breast cancer screening.

7．"There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks." admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."0n the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.

A．Risk of Screening to Younger Women

B．Investigating the Effect Of Screening

C．Effects Predicted by Two Different Models

D．Treatment of Cancers

E．Minimizing of Radiation Exposure

F．Factors That Trigger Cancers

Paragraph 2______

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第7题

One of the Greatest Performing Artists of All TimeWhen she appeared on the screen without

One of the Greatest Performing Artists of All Time

When she appeared on the screen without makeup, cosmetic sales in the United States declined. When she played a nun, convent enrollments increased. A fan walked a sheep all the way from Sweden to Rome as a gift for her. Letters were delivered to her addressed simply "Ingrid Bergman—London."

One of the most glamorous women of our time, Ingrid was never anything but her supremely simple self: a stage -struck girl, who loved to gobble ice cream and walk in the min. She wanted to play every part, take every trip, give every party, drink every glass of champagne that life could offer. "I never regretted anything I did," she once said—"just the things I didn't do."

Ingrid lived successively in some of the world's most interesting cities—Stockholm, Hollywood, Rome, Paris and Lon don—and played starring roles on stage, screen and television in five languages. She made 47 films and won three Oscars and an Emmy.

She had a ferocious dedication to her work. "If you took acting away from me," she once claimed, "I'd stop breathing." When Ernest Hemingway told her she would have to cut off her hair for the role of Mafia in For Whom the Bell Tolls, she shot back, "To get that part, I'd cut my head off!" She would rehearse tirelessly until any hour of the night, begging to repeat a scene long after the director was satisfied. Once she even proposed that she live on the set until the filming was over.

At the peak of her stardom, Ingrid insisted on taking screen tests and turned down offers to play the most important parts but accepted offers to play minor parts that were unusual or difficult. She fought for roles like the young bride on the edge of madness in Gaslight and the mousy Swedish missionary in Murder on the Orient Express(both brought her Academy Awards).

Working as an actress who would replace Ingrid during her illness or injury meant never getting the chance to work. She broke her foot at the beginning of the American run of The Constant Wife and played the next five weeks in a wheel chair. No matter how ill she might be, she would say with a grin, "Dr. Stage will cure me" and there she always was when the curtain rose.

From her earliest childhood in Stockholm, Ingrid never had a moment's doubt about where she was going. At 14 she scribbled in her diary her dreams of starring in a movie opposite Sweden's most popular actor—and five years later she was doing just that.

Her luck was as 'phenomenal as her talent. In New York City, a Swedish couple praised a film of hers to their son, an elevator operator in the apartment building where one of film producer David Selznic's young talent scouts lived. Six months later, Ingrid was on her way to Hollywood.

One charming role followed another: the lonely piano teacher in Intermezzo; the passionate psychiatrist in Spellbound, the baseball-playing nun in The Bells of St. Mary's. Within a few years, she was one of American's most popular film stars and a top draw at the world's box office.

Then, one night in 1948, Ingrid went to see Open City, a realistic movie of wartime Rome produced and directed by Roberto Rossellini. Drawn to Roazellini's stormy genius—"I think I fell in love with Roberto the moment I saw the film," Ingrid confided to me later, she impulsively wrote and offered to make a movie with him.

Ingrid flew to Rome—and stayed for seven years. Still married to Petter Lindstrom, she bore Rossellini a child, causing public outrage. And Ingrid was reviled on the floor of the U.S. Senate as unworthy to "set foot on American soil again."

Transformed overnight into box-office poison, Ingrid found her Hollywood career in ruins. The films she made with Rossellini were largely failures—and so, in the end, was their marriage.

In 1956 the clouds finally

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第8题

听力原文： The first step toward the invention of television was taken in 1873. The person

responsible for developing it was John Logic Baird. In 1926 [30] he gave the first demonstration of a television picture.

As a home entertainment, [29] television rapidly became more popular than any other form. A news broadcast became more immediate when people could actually see the scene in question and the movements of the figures. Films could be viewed in the comfort of the home and variety shows were also available. Though much of the entertainment was of a popular kind like quiz competitions, some remarkable cultural programs were also shown. The publicity given to the actors and actresses on the screen meant that [31] a group of personalities became familiar in every household. One of the most popular programmers was the televised coverage of sport. And one interesting result of the television broadcast was the increased attendance at the actual events.

(4)

A．Because television is cheaper to purchase.

B．Because people could see the scene and the figures in movements.

C．Because television provides comfort to people.

D．Because television makes some actors and actress known to common people.

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第9题

As most parents of small children will reluctantly admit, nothing can occupy a child quite

like television.【C1】______,the scientific evidence suggests that using the television as a babysitter has its【C2】______: the more time babies spend sitting in front of the screen, the more their social, cognitive and language development may【C3】______. Recent studies show that TV-viewing【C4】______to decrease babies'likelihood of learning new words, talking, playing and【C5】______interacting with others.

A new study published Monday adds to that【C6】______while introducing an interesting new perspective. Many studies have suggested that television blocks learning by【C7】______youngsters'ability to interact with others, and according to Dr. Dimitri Christakis, a University of Washington pediatrician(小儿科医生), that effect may be compounded when parents get【C8】______into TV-watching too.

Christakis reports that when babies get caught up with what's playing on television,their parents are【C9】______likely to get distracted,which【C10】______their exchanges with their kids. It's a three-way interaction,【C11】______TV affecting both children and their parents, and the parents' distraction【C12】______impairing their children. Christakis' group even calculated exactly the' degree to Which TV-viewing can【C13】______parent-child communication: for every hour a television was turned on, babies heard 770【C14】______words from an adult. Conversational exchanges between baby and parent dropped 15%,【C15】______did the overall number of vocalizations(发声)made by children.

Christakis argues that【C16】______what is playing on the screen, television【C17】______nature is a passive medium that hampers rich social interaction.【C18】______when parents and children interacted actively while watching TV together, the【C19】______effect of having it turned on was a(n)【C20】______in vocalizations.

【C1】

A．Naturally

B．Unfortunately

C．Reluctantly

D．Remarkably

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第10题

Computers can injure you. 电脑会伤害到你。Most other injuries happen suddenly. For example，

if you fall off a bike and break your arms，it happens very quickly. But computer injuries happen slowly. You probably know how to ride a bike safely. Now learn to use a computer safely. Your eyes Too much light can injure your eyes，so never sit too close to a computer screen. Your eyes should be at least 50cm from the screen. Remember to look away from it sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest. When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect on (反射) the screen. If the window is in front of you, the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes. Your hands and wrists Hand and wrist injuries can happen because the hands and wrists are moved in the same way hundreds of times. If you use a keyboard for a long time，follow these three rules:1) Rest your wrists on some thing. 2) Keep your elbows (肘) at the same height as the keyboard. 3) Stop sometimes and exercise your hands，wrists and fingers in a different way. Your back Some people sit for many hours in front of a computer. If you sit in the wrong way，you can injure your back or your neck. So you should sit with your back straight. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. Your forearms，wrists，hands and the upper part of your legs should all be parallel (平行) to the floor. If you are sitting for a long time，get up every 30 minutes and exercise your arms，legs and neck. Enjoy your computer，but use it safely. 问题：A computer screen may injure your eyes if your eyes are too close to it.A.T

B.F

Hand and wrist injuries are caused when you get plenty of exercise.A.T

B.F

Your eyes and hands will be safe if you often take rests from working.A.T

B.F

It is good for your back and neck if you sit in the right way.A.T

B.F

The best title for the text is "How to Protect Your Eyes."A.T

B.F

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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