Our dreams will finally ___ .

What happens to us or what we do today will probably ______.

A．become the contents of our dreams

B．have nothing in common with the contents of our dreams

C．appear in our dreams just like the same in real life

D．appear in our dreams usually in the opposite way

The Study of Dreams

Dreams are said to be the window to the mind．Through the study of dreams, we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds(潜意识)are thinking, or what is troubling us at our deepest levels． Not all dreams are the same, however, either in content or in meaning. __ (1) Indeed, nightmares appear to have been the subject of far more studies than more pleasant dreams, if for no other reason, that while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening, andnightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention.

The sources of our dreams are most commonly attributed to (归因于)factors in our waking lives．Whether it be emotional challenges, stress in the workplace, relationship problems or a great number of other possible factors, the thoughts and feelings created in our waking environments are believed to directly influence the content of our dreams. __ (2)

Just as important as actual events in the determination of the content of our dreams are the pre-existing(先存在的)beliefs that we hold．__ (3) For example, if someone dreams of being abducted (绑架) by aliens (外星人), it 's very likely that, before the dream, he already believed in the existence of aliens．To the extent that dreams are direct reflections of our minds, they will reflect accurately what we believe and hold to be true.

The way that we act in dreams bears consideration as well．__ (4) Someone who dreams of revenge(复仇)may actually desire revenge in real life, and likewise someone who dreams of adventure night after night may be experiencing his mind playing out(宣泄，排解) a desire for more excitement in his everyday life.

~ While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams, it must be recognized and understood that the same item in two different dreams can easily have entirely different meanings for the two dreamers. __ (5)

A．Usually, our behavior. in our dreams reflects hidden desires for that type of behavior. in our waking lives.

B．A particular dramatic or traumatic(创伤性的，使人不愉快的)experience during the day would no doubt be, encountered again in some form. or another during the night.

C．If we encounter some kind of phenomena(现象)in our dreams, it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility of the phenomena before the dream.

D．In this respect, the study of bad dreams and nightmares can yield(产生，带来)interesting observations in regard to the mind and status of the dreamer.

E．Dreamers, in this sense, should pay attention to their dreams to discern what those dreams reveal about themselves.

F．For example, a horse in the dreams of an eager equestrian(马术家) can signify comfort and relaxation, whereas the same horse in the dreams of a hunter can represent excitement and challenge.

第 46 题 请选择（1）处的最佳答案．

A．In dreams we solve those problems.

B．After dreaming we forget our problems.

C．After dreaming we have a clear mind.

D．It gives us ways to deal with the problems.

Which is true according to the passage？

A．We are free to do what we like in our dreams.

B．We forget almost everything when we wake up.

C．We enjoy our dreams most of the time.

Dreams

Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather that thought. In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.

The clearly distinguishable states of sheep exist. The first state, called NREM-sheep (non-rap-id-eye movement sleep), occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming. The second type of sheep, known as REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep) occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the night's sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a Remperiod. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thought like experiences.

Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content. In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought. If dreams express important wishes, fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a person's mental functioning.

There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream:______.

A．one, we "see" our dreams, and two, we "think" our dreams

B．one, we are happy, and two, we are angry

C．one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking

D．we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements

It can be concluded from the passage that ______.

A．there is some truth even in the wildest dreams

B．one should take notice of other people's merits

C．there is no order or pattern in world events

D．we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidence

听力原文： Did you dream last night？ What did you dream about？ You might not remember your dreams, but people usually dream four to six times a night. Dreams can be short, only about ten minutes, or can continue for an hour or more. People dream in color.

At times, we all remember a dream. In our dreams, we might take a trip or look back at our childhood. We might run away from a tiger or see a terrible accident. Someone we love might die.

What is the meaning of these dreams？ Many psychologists believe that dreams are "night work". They help us look at situations and fears in our daily lives. In our dreams, we face problems and try to solve them. We look at our fears. We try out different personalities; at times we might be aggressive and talkative and at other times we might be frightened and shy.

We often dream in symbols. Symbols are pictures that stand for or mean something else. A king and a queen might represent our parents. Small animals might stand for children. A long journey might mean we are worried about death or the death of someone in our family. If we are crossing a river, it might mean that we are at an important decision or time in our lives. If we get across the river in the dream, we believe we will be successful. If we do not make it across, we are afraid of failure.

We can have the same dream over and over. The dream may always be the same or it might have different endings. Our minds are working and playing, making movies about our lives.

(23)

A．2 to 4 times.

B．4 to 6 times.

C．6 to 8 times.

D．About 10 times.

Dreaming is important to us ______.

A．because we can enjoy a care-free life in our dreams

B．but we are not sure just how important it is

C．because we can have a good rest

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The first process is used when we are awake. It takes place in the left side of the brain. It is this process that makes us do the things we have to do. It lets us put aside those things that are not a real part of our day's work.

The second process happens in the fight side of the brain. This process takes all those bits of information we did not use in the day. It turns them to dreams at night. "This process is our regular night shift work," says physiologist Rosalind Cartwright from the University of Illinois. "At night we put together the bits and pieces of our day, so that we are ready to face the next day."

We have several dreams each night of our lives. About ten minutes after we fall asleep, we begin to go through four stages of sleep. Our sleep gets deeper and deeper. And it gets harder for us to wake up. At the end of the fourth and deepest stage, the process changes. We begin to come back up again through the same stages. The coming back up is called "rousal" time. It lasts about ten to twenty minutes. We do not wake in this stage. Instead, we go through a stage of vivid dreams.

In this stage we do not toss or turn or even snore. The brain temperature and the blood flow get much higher. The body goes as limp as a rag doll. And the large muscles in the arms, legs, and trunk go stiff. The eyeballs begin to move back and forth very quickly, even though the eyes are closed. This is called the stage of Rapid Eye Movement or the REM stage.

We go into the REM stage about six times a night. That's once every hour and a half or so. This hour and a half pattern is part of many things in our lives. Lots of body functions happen every hour and a half. Things like stomach contractions (收缩) and hormone secretions (分泌).

Why do we dream？ Research tells us that dreams can help us with our problems. When we have big problems in the day, we may spend more time in REM sleep at night, because dreams can bring answers to problems.

Sleep research reveals ______.

A．people do odd things in the first stage of sleep

B．the left side of our brain is responsible for the work that is necessary to deal with during the day

C．the mysteries of dreams have just been brought to light

D．the function of the right side of our brain is to classify the information we fail to handle in the daytime

Dreams

Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought. In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy

Two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state, called NREM-sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep), occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming. The second type of sleep, known as REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep) occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the night's sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-period. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.

Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content. In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought. If dreams express important wishes, fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a person's mental functioning.

There axe in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream:

A．one, we "see" our dreams, and two, we "think" our dreams.

B．one, we are happy, and two, we are angry.

C．one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking.

D．we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements.