根据短文，回答11~15题Infldemocraticsocietycitizensareencouragedtoforntheirownopinionsoncand

根据短文，回答11~15题In fl democratic society citizens are encouraged to forn their own opinions on candidates for public offices。taxes，constitutional amendments，environmental concerns，foreign policy，and other issues．The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors：individual circumstances，the mass media，special-interest groups，and opinion leaders． Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people．Factory workers probably do not sbare the same views as white-collar workers，non-union workers．Women employed outside their homes soInetimes have perspectives different from those of full—time homernakers．In these and other ways individual status shapes one’s view of current events． The mass media，especially television，are powerful influences on the way people think and act． GoverDinent officials note how mail from the public tends to“follow the headlines”．Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions． The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before．Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers，issues and ca耐idates tended to remain localized．In Great Britain and West Germany，for example，elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests．Today’s elections are seen as struggles between party Ieaders and programs．In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency．Since the days of Franklin D．Roosevelt and his“fireside chats”，presidents haveappealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs． Special—interest groups spend vast sulns annually trying to influence public opinion．Public utilities，for instance，tried to sway public opinionin favor of nuclear power plants．Opposed to them were citizens’ organizations successful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare． Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians，some business personalities，and celebrity athletes．The opinions of these individuals，whether informed and intelligent or not，carry weight with some segments of the population．Some individuals，suchas Nobel Prize winners，are suddenly thrust into public view by the media．By quickly reaching a large audience，their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues． How many factors could shape public opinion，as mentioned in the text？[A]2． [B]3． [C]4． [D]5．