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Traditional Ideas about MarriageAlmost every society has certain traditional ideas about

Traditional Ideas about Marriage

Almost every society has certain traditional ideas about marriage. For example，most societies expect men and women to marry. Most cultures also have traditions about the role and duties of a husband and a wife. Traditionally，the husband is expected to earn a living，and the wife is expected to keep house and raise children.

Many Americans did not follow traditional marriage patterns. For example，a large number of married couples share responsibilities that have been traditionally handled by either the husband or the wife. An increasing number of married women have paying jobs and help support their families financially. In 1940s，about 15 percent of all married women earned money. In the early 1990s，about 60 percent held a full-or part-time job. More and more husbands share responsibilities traditionally handled by women，such as cooking，doing housework，and caring for children.

On the average，men and women stay single longer than they once did. In 1950s，men married at an average age of 23，and women married at an average age of 20. By the mid-1990s，the average marriage age was about 26.5 for men and about 24.5 for women.

An increasing number of people choose not to marry. If a man and a woman wish to avoid marriage，they may decide to live together with no formal obligations to each other. This arrangement is more common among young adults，but some couples of all ages live together without marrying. (239 words)

6. Most societies expect men and women to marry and have traditions about the role and duties of a husband and a wife.

A. T

B. F

7. All Americans would like to follow the traditional marriage patterns.

A. T

B. F

8. The number of married women with a paying job to support their families financially is increasing.

A. T

B. F

9. In the early 1990s，about 15 percent held a full-or part-time job.

A. T

B. F

10. More and more Americans choose to live together without marriage.

A. T

B. F

答案

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发布时间：2022-11-18

更多“Traditional Ideas about MarriageAlmost every society has certain traditional ideas about”相关的问题

第1题

It is difficult for foreigners to understand Chinese traditional medical treatment, beca

use they don't___________________.

A、share the same idioms

B、share the same experience

C、share the same ideas

D、share the same information

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第2题

Rickards found Monty Roberts's ideas interesting because Roberts had ______.A．based his me

Rickards found Monty Roberts's ideas interesting because Roberts had ______.

A．based his methods on traditional horse-training techniques

B．recognised the importance of developing bonding techniques

C．dispensed with the idea of rewarding the horse he was training

D．worked tirelessly with others to come up with a new theory

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第3题

Nowadays, traditional Chinese cultural elements could be found in many different aspects o

f our daily life. Some people are clapping for the re-introduction of the traditional culture in this new era. While others hold the idea that business interest is really whats behind all the seemingly prosperous cultural phenomena, what are the reasons for these two different standings on this issue, and what about your ideas？ Write an essay of no less than 400 words on the following topic: Traditional Chinese Elements:Cultural Prosperity of Business Interests？ In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

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第4题

Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______ A．students will be ab

Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______

A．students will be able to express their ideas more freely

B．teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes

C．students will have more confidence in writing

D．students will learn to be independent of teachers

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第5题

The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around

Question 21 to 35 are based on the following passage .

The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , one’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation (同居) . Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop a kind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior. . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .” All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent (颓废的) and impractical . It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormal society.

21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation .

A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples

C) about 60 couples D) about 30 couples

22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ？

A)The beat generation refused to do any duty

B)The beat generation was in support of almost everything traditional .

C)The beat generation believes no one except that he is over thirty .

D)The beat generation’s ideas were not impractical .

23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probably means ______.

A)a state of mind against realism

B) a state of mind doubting everything in existence.

C)a theory advocating mutual help

D)a theory advocating individualism

24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____.

A) they had no interest B) they found hard to cooperation with it

C)the laws block their way to do so . D) they thought their need was neglected .

25. This passage is mainly about _____.

A)the young Americans B) the generation gap .

C)the education of the young D) an American social phenomenon

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第6题

听力原文： What we call the fine arts are considered to be painting, sculpture, literature,

drama, music, dancing, and architecture.

Today, many curious experiments are being made in all the fine arts. But the traditional methods and products of the fine arts all have things in common. For one thing they have "design". Design can be with sounds, with stones, with words, with building materials, with lines, and paint. A work of fine art is designed. And within that design, the creator "rhythm", "balance", and "harmony".

Rhythm comes from the more or less regular repetition of similar sounds, colors, shapes, and movements. Balance is the arrangement of what the artist works with so that the result seems right to us. And harmony is putting things together that seem to belong together. These, of course, are only rough ideas of what a creator in the fine arts tries to do.

Which of the following is not the fine art？

(13)

A．Sculpture.

B．Literature.

C．Music.

D．Tennis.

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第7题

As society changes, social values and linguistic values begin to diverge. Language contai

ns traditional values this is which is implied in the ideas of【M1】______ social conditioning and social learning. In a static society, traditional values are unquestioned. Hence social learning takes the form. of social conditioning. Social conditioning is the unquestioned or confused adherence with social【M2】______ norms, and occurs when society is taken to be self-referential. Society is the judge of their own needs.【M3】______ The only circumstance which normally breaks social conditioning in some【M4】______ degrees is change. Therefore in a period of fast social change, chaos occurs as【M5】______ social norms are questioned, altered and perhaps even rejected. New norms are slowly generated. This chaos ensure that society can no longer be regar-【M6】______ ded as being self-referential. In this situation of chaos, language is grasped as being self-referential. Then language is no longer necessary tied to social reality. In such times,【M7】______ values change as the values within language change and we may witness radical innovation in artistic genres. For example, the nineteenth century saw the focus on art for arts sake, with science for sciences sake(neither art nor science was to be dependent【M8】______ on values external to themselves, such as social usefulness). Then the problem of grappling with the new possibilities of language produced the dense symbolism of the French poet Mallarme. In twentieth-century literal theory【M9】______ the text has become autonomous and self-contained, and/or the reader has acquired a total freedom in his interpretation of the text.【M10】______

【M1】

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第8题

Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. O

ccasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of Conflict results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.

Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial(空间的), vertical, and ideational(概念的)mobility.

A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water’transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family way, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.

One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engages in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs al- most exclusively between classes which are adjacent(邻近的)to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior. different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.

The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as news papers, magazines, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.

What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement that _________.

A．potential disorganization is present in the American family

B．family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility

C．the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status

D．social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families

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第9题

In Eritrea，a small country in northeast Africa，approximately 80 percent of the population

is illiterate．That percentage is even higher for women．As in many developing countries，most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women．They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job．

These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation．Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families．In Eritrea，in fact，there is great need for improvement．It is one of the poorest countries in the world．For many Eritrean families，getting enough food is a daily problem．

To deal with these problems，the Eritrean government，together with the World Food Program，has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning。In primary schools，all the children receive food packages to take home to their families．However，with the new program，the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys．This way，parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home．

Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training．Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women，this program offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program．Because of the war with Ethiopia，many women are bringing up their families on their own．They often live in refugee camps，with no land of their own and no way to earn money．Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job．They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families．

The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives．If they agree to join the program，they receive a large package of food each month．In return，the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day．When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea，5，000 girls and women joined in the first two months．It is especially popular with teenage girls，aged fourteen to sixteen，who have never had a chance to go to school before．

The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women，using the same system of food rewards．In these courses，they will teach women job skills and crafts such as basket weaving．These women will not only learn to read and write．They will become aware of what is going on in their country，and they will be able to have a voice in their future．

According to the passage，traditional ideas about women

A．are rejected by the younger generation．

B．help improve the economy．

C．hinder economic development．

D．have little impact on economic development．

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第10题

听力原文： For many years, T-shirts were simple short-sleeved undershirts only for men and

boys. T-shirts used to be of one colour—white. And since they were worn under shirts, they were generally not seen.

Today things have changed a lot. T-shirts have become colourful and fashionable. It can be seen almost everywhere and on everyone. Women and children wear T-shirts as well as teenagers, university students and men from all walks of life. T-shirts are worn on the playground, on the beach or in town. They can also be worn for work. Yet, T-shirts remain relatively inexpensive and long wearing, as well as easy to care for. Smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of the newest ideas in fashion over the world.

Although T-shirts are now available in a wide variety of bright materials and styles, the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shirts with a slogan or a picture printed on the front. A T-shirt may bear a single word, a popular phrase, pictures of sportsmen, or an advertisement. As T-shirts are becoming more and more popular, new designs are coming up all the time.

When do people most probably wear T-shirts, according to the speaker？

A．Taking part in sports.

B．Listening to music.

C．Watching TV.

D．Enjoying a film.

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第11题

听力原文： For many years, T-shins were simple short-sleeved undershirts for men and boys.

T-shins used to be of one color-white. And since they were worn under shins, they were generally not seen.

Today the T-shirt has become fashionable. It can be seen everywhere and on everyone. Women and little children wear T-shirts as do teenagers, university students, and men from all walks of life. T-shirts are worn on playgrounds, on the beach or in town They can also be worn for work. Yet T-shirts remain relatively inexpensive and long lasting, as well as easy to care for. Smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America's newest ideas on fashion.

Although T-shins am now available in a wide variety of bright materials and styles, the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shins with a slogan or picture printed on the front. As T-shins beating insignias are becoming more and more popular, new designs are coming up all the time.

What is the most popular kind of T-shirt？

A．The silk T-shirt in white color.

B．The cotton T-shirt with a slogan or picture.

C．The nylon T-shirt worn on playground.

D．The wool T-shirt worn for work.

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