How does Japan differ from most Western countries, according to the author？It is still____

Why does the time chosen for the call communicate its importance？

A．It depends on the different culture.

B．It depends on the understanding to the life.

C．It depends on the social explanation.

D．It depends on the feeling to the time.

的政策。设支付矩阵如下表所示。

(1)设各国都了解该支付矩阵并相信另一国会根据它自己的利益行事。两个国家都有一个占优策略吗？如果各国都为了最大化其福利而采取理性的行为，均衡政策将是什么？

(2)现在假设日本不能肯定美国一定会表现得很理性。特别是，日本担心美国政治家即.使不能最大化美国的福利也要惩罚日本。这将如何影响日本的策略选择？这将如何改变均衡？

We can think of the U. s. and Japanese trade policies as a Prisoners' Dilemma. The two countries are considering policies to open or close their import markets. Suppose the payoff matrix is:

a Assume that each country knows the payoff matrix and believes that the other country will act in its own interest. Does either country have a dominant strategy？ What will the equilibrium policies if each country acts rationally to maximize its welfare？

b. Now amuse that Japan is mot certain that the u.s. will behave ration.In particular Japan is concerned that U. S. g politicians may want to penalize Japan even if that does not maximize

U. S. welfare. How might this affect Japan' s choice of strategy？ How might this change the equilibrium？

SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)

Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan's economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japan's companies and banks.

Japan is an example of how China is offering two benefits to the global economy. One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine, buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world.

There are downsides, like the decline of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that China's rising influence is a good thing.

But at the moment, China's 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan.

Quietly, at the start of this decade, Japanese companies began shifting production abroad, cutting costs, selling off extraneous businesses and paying down debt. 'The government also stepped up efforts to attract more foreign direct investment, something Japan had little use for in the past.

Taken together, these actions largely prompted by China's advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late 1990s.

There are many benefits inherent in China's advance. One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London. He wrote on August 18 that China's rise is making the richest nations even richer.

Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, China's influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. That can be seen in the prices of things that China consumes — oil, financial services, luxury goods and real estate.

Kaletsky said that as prices of luxury goods and financial services are driven higher, prosperous countries with service industries become wealthier, compared with manufacturing countries.

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题 There are many different kinds of peaches(桃)．One clear difference is the one between clingstone--fruit in which the flesh is stuck to the seed inside--and freestone—that in which the seed floats freely．Customers prefer freestone peaches because they don’t want to struggle to get the flesh away from the seed． And that’s how it goes in stone fruit land．Plant breeders(培育者)are trying all the time to im．prove the old favorites．Frequently，the changes are designed to meet the demands of the growers or packers．One very delicious family of peach varieties has nearly disappeared because it forms a small “beak” at the bottom of the fruit．That little point is likely to break during packing and shippin9，Opening the door to spoilage(腐烂)． This is certainly not to say that the wants of customers are not important．In fact，they drive some of the most important changes．One thing customers like is red——lots of red．Peaches used to be prized for golden skin；now people are buying red，regarding it as a sign of ripeness． But red has a hold on people．There’s a story told by those in the stone fruit industry about a marketing experiment．A group of people were given two peaches：one a fairly tasteless red variety，the other a great—tasting gold．Sitting around，tasting and talking about the fruit，the group all agreed that the gold was a much better peach and that was the one they would buy．Then，on the way out the door，they were offered boxes of peaches as a thank—you gift．One held the preferred golden fruit，the other the red．To a person，they picked the red fruit to take home．Red sells． What does the word “stone” mean in the text？

A.The hard seed inside a fruit．

B.Containers that packers use．

C.Small rocks found in the fields．

D.Soft beaks at the bottom of the fruit．

听力原文：M: Let me see now. Which train do I need to get on？

W: Excuse me. Do you need any help？

M: Yes. I want to go to Tokyo Tower, but I'm really lost. This is my first visit to Japan, so I have no idea on how to ride the trains.

W: First, you need to buy a ticket to your destination. From there, it's a hundred and thirty yen.

M: A hundred and thirty yen. OK.

W: Then, get on the Hibita Subway Line at Platform. 4.

M: Number 4, all right. Oh, and how often do the trains come round this time of day？

W: Usually, they come about every six minutes.

M: All right. And where do I get off the train？

W: Get off at Kamiyacho Station, three stops from here. The sign at the station is written in English, so you'll be able to read it.

M: Three stops. Got it. Thanks for your help.

W: No problem. Good luck.

Where does the man want to go？

A．Tokyo train station.

B．Tokyo Museum.

C．Tokyo Tower.

Ms. Barb McCarthy

Shinjuku Hotel

3-7-1-2, Nishi-Shinjuku,

Tokyo 160-0000, Japan

November 3

Mr. Jim Reardon

Grand Berlin Hotel

Marlene Dietrich Platz 2,

Berlin 10785, Germany

Mr. Jim Reardon,

We would like to thank you for helping us to have such wonderful time in Berlin. Because we own a hotel about the same size as yours, we understand how busy you must be, and it makes us appreciate even more the time you gave to us while we were at the hotelier's connection last month.

My brother had said that you would make us feel welcome, but you did even more than that. It was very kind of you to drive us to see all of the sights in your great city - especially the newly rebuilt parliament building, which we found to be an impressive architectural work indeed. We were impressed by the richness of Berlin's culture and life, and will surely recommend a visit there to all of our colleagues as well as to our guests.

Please don't hesitate to contact us if you ever expect to be in Tokyo. We would be honored to return your kindness if you are ever in our city.

Sincerely,

Barb McCarthy

For what does Ms. Barb McCarthy thank Mr. Jim Reardon？

A．Free accommodations

B．Information about hotels

C．Convention tickets

D．A sightseeing trip

Date: June 30 Subject: July Meeting As discussed over the phone, we are planning to attend the workshop in Osaka. Our president and management continue to be impressed with your aggressive marketing and rising sales figures in Japan. After the workshop, I want to visit the manufacturing plant to see how they are making our mobile phones. Jim Hamilton, my assistant and I are still planning to arrive in Japan on July 3rd, and we expect to depart on July 8th. I am hoping that we can move our previously scheduled meeting to one day earlier. On July 5th I will need to meet instead with Jessica Park, who will be in Osaka for just one day before returning to Seoul. I apologize for this abrupt change of schedule. I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Thanks. Bob Collins Marketing Manager

According to the e-mail, what does Mr. Collins want to do？

A．Change the location of an event

B．Reschedule a meeting with Ms. Park

C．Purchase plane tickets to Seoul

D．Visit a plant in Osaka

How many people developed a reaction on both arms in the study in Japan？

A．13.

B．9.

C．2.

D．Nobody.

What does the news item say about the poverty in Japan？

A．In terms of poverty, Japan ranks fourth among developed countries.

B．The poverty was mainly because of the inflation.

C．There are many kids wandering in the streets for begging.

D．The Japanese often complained about their embarrassing situations.

a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercises — and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon.

Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why【C1】______healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to he losing their ability to【C2】______and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of【C3】______could be slowed down.

With a team of【C4】______at Tokyo National University, he set【C5】______measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and【C6】______occupations.

Computer technology【C7】______the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the【C8】______of the front and side sections of the brain,【C9】______relate to intellect and emotion, and determine the human character.(The【C10】______section of the brain, which controls【C11】______like eating and breathing, does not【C12】______with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional【C13】______.)

Contraction of front and side parts — as cells die【C14】______— was observed in some【C15】______in their thirties, but it was still not【C16】______in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.

Matsuzawa【C17】______from his tests that there is a simple【C18】______to the contraction normally【C19】______with age —【C20】______the head.

【C1】

A．otherwise

B．clockwise

C．likewise

D．anywise