New treatments are now available to people who._______
第1题
A complete count of all the statistics about AIDS.
A.will promote new treatments to appear
B.will simplify doctors answers about AIDS
C.will be too cold and mathematical for doctors
D.will be influenced by new treatments
第2题
New treatments are now available to people who______.
A.suffer from a stroke
B.will be affected
C.change their lifestyles
D.will take place
E.occurs at the back of his/her brain
F.controls various body functions
第3题
New treatments are now available to people who____.
A.suffer from a stroke
B.will be affected
C.change their lifestyles
D.will take place
E.occurs at the back of his/her brain
F.controls various body functions
第4题
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
第5题
A.Who are some people who have had an important influence on the public health movement in the United States?
B.What were some of the mental illness that were considered untreatable until the 1950s?
C.What were some of the new treatments for mental illness that were adopted in the 1950s?
D.What were some of the most important legal cases that contributed to the new concern for patients' rights?
第6题
第三篇
For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotheraphy. Now researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patient' s own immune system. New vaccines(疫苗)and drugs can stimulate the production of an army of cells and antibodies that kill cancer cells.
Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn't get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune system's ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didn't disappear. In au- gust, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker's left adrenal gland(肾上腺). He received an ex- perimenta1 cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but the vaccine did n' t stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland.
To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it's too early to pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma," he said.
Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccine on melanoma patients. "It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area. Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers.
Immune therapy alone won't cure cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, re- searchers said. Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancer, the National cancer Institute said.
The "fourth weapon" cures cancer by______.
A. replacing cancerous cells.
B. boosting the immune system.
C. killing cancer cells directly.
D. quickening the reproduction of cell.
第7题
Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn't get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune system's ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didn't disappear. In au- gust, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker's left adrenal gland(肾上腺). He received an ex- perimenta1 cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but the vaccine did n' t stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland.
To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it's too early to pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma," he said.
Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccine on melanoma patients. "It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area.Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers.
Immune therapy alone won't cure cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, re- searchers said.Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancer, the National cancer Institute said.
The "fourth weapon" cures cancer by______.
A.replacing cancerous cells.
B.boosting the immune system.
C.killing cancer cells directly.
D.quickening the reproduction of cell.
第8题
Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early
An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.
The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.
"When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials—more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years", study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.
Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchers found that 11(79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
"This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an ' immature' benefit/risk balance of new drugs", Apolone said.
He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation".
It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration(持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months.
They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.
"Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation", Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy(功效) without strong evidence being available".
The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第9题
One in three of us will be diagnosed
with cancer during our lifetime.
The disease tends to affect older people — but can strike at any time.
Excluding certain skin cancers, there were more than 270,000 new cases of the disease in 2001 — and the rate is increasing by about 1% a year.
Some cancers, such as breast, are becoming more common, while new cases of lung cancer fall away due to the drop in the number of smokers.
However, while the overall number of new cancers is not falling, the good news is that successful treatment rates for many of the most common types are improving rapidly.
BBC News Online, in conjunction with Cancer Research UK, has produced a guide to some of the most common forms of cancer and the treatments used to tackle them.
How many people will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime?
A.One in three.
B.One in five.
C.One in ten.
D.One in twenty.
第10题
根据以下材料,回答题
Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early
An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.
The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.
"When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials——more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years," study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.
Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchers found that 11(79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
"This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an "immature" benefit/risk balance of new drugs,"Apolone said.
He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confmnation."
It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months.
They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they"d enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.
"Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there"s proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation,"Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available."
The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned