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听力原文：In 776 B.C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to hon

听力原文： In 776 B.C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greek's chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. There fore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and, horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.

The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in fouryear cycles called "Olympiads" dating from 776 B. C.

(30)

A．To stop wars.

B．To crown the best athletes.

C．To sing songs about the athletes.

D．To honor Zeus.

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发布时间：2020-09-04

更多“听力原文：In 776 B.C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to hon”相关的问题

第1题

We learned that the first （record)______ Olympic Games were held in 776 B．C.

We learned that the first (record)______ Olympic Games were held in 776 B．C.

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第2题

听力原文：Not until somewhat recently（that is, in terms of human history) did people find a

听力原文： Not until somewhat recently(that is, in terms of human history) did people find a need for knowing the time of day. As best we know, 5,000 to 6,000 years ago great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa initiated clock-making. With their bureaucracies and formal religions, these cultures found a need to organize their time mom efficiently.

The Egyptians were the next to formally divide their day into parts something like our hours. Obelisks(slender, tapering, four-sided monuments) were built as early as 3500 B.C. Their moving shadows formed a kind of sundial, enabling citizens to partition the day into two parts by indicating noon. They also showed the year's longest and shortest days when the shadow at noon was the shortest or longest of the year. Later, markers added around the base of the monument would indicate further time subdivisions.

Another Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, possibly the first portable timepiece, came into use around 1500 B.C. to measure the passage of "hours". This device divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. When the long stem with 5 variably spaced marks was oriented east and west in the morning, an elevated crossbar on the east end east a moving shadow over the marks. At noon, the device was turned in the opposite direction to measure the afternoon "hours".

In the quest for more year-round accuracy, sundials evolved from flat horizontal or vertical plates to more elaborate forms. One version was the hemispherical dial, a bowl-shaped depression cut into a block of stone, carrying a central vertical gnomon(pointer) and scribed with sets of hour lines for different seasons. The hemicycle, said to have been invented about 300 B.C., removed the useless haft of the hemisphere to give an appearance of a half-bowl cut into the edge of a squared block.

(33)

A．4,000-5,000.

B．50-60,000.

C．500-600.

D．5,000-6,000.

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第3题

The History of the Olympic GamesIntroductionToday, the Olympic Games are the world's large

The History of the Olympic Games

Introduction

Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest exhibition of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerce and politics. Well-known throughout the world, the games have been used to promote understanding and friendship among nations. The Olympic Games started thousands of years ago and lasted over a millennium. The symbolic power of the Games lived on after their interruption, and came to life again as the modem Olympic Games being revived(恢复；复兴) in the last century. Both the modern and ancient Olympics have close similarities in their purpose and in their problems.

Ancient Olympics

The ancient Olympics had some differences from the modern Games. There were fewer events, and only free men who spoke Greek could compete, instead of athletes from any country. Women were not allowed to even watch the games, let alone play in them. Also, the games were always held at Olympia in Greece instead of being moved around to different sites every time. But also they had some similarities to our modem Olympics, winning athletes were heroes who put their hometowns on the map, and became financially sound for life.

The conflict between the Olympic ideals of sportsmanship and unity and the commercialism and political acts which accompany the Games were also present in ancient times. Potades at the ninety-ninth Festival was victorious in the long race and proclaimed a Cretan, as in fact he was. But at the next Festival he made himself an Ephesian, being bribed to do so by the Ephesian people. For this act he was banished(驱逐) by the Cretans. The first Olympic Games at Olympia were held in 776 B.C. According to Hippias of Elis, who edited a list of Olympic winners in 400 B.C., the only event held at the first Olympics was the stadium footrace.

Every four years the games were started on the first full moon after the summer solstice(夏至), lasting for five days. For over 1100 years, from 776 B.C. to 393 A.D., the games were played, thousands of people ceased all warfare and flocked to a small sanctuary(圣殿) in northwestern Greece for five days in the late summer for a single reason, to witness the Olympic Games. During that time, competitors from all over the Greek world competed in a number of athletic events and worshiped the gods at the sanctuary of Olympia. The athletes competed not for money or material goods, although they received them, but only for the honor of being an Olympic victor. An Olympian that had the honor of winning an event was held in high esteem the rest of his lives.

The Olympic Games were held every 4 years, and were never interrupted. The games were even held in 480 B.C. during the Persian Wars. In 146 B.C., the Romans gained control of Greece and, therefore, of the Olympic Games. In 85 B.C., the Roman general Sulla conquered the sanctuary to finance his campaign against Mithridates. Sulla also moved the 175th Olympiad to Rome. The games were held every four years from 776 B.C. to 393 A.D. With the spread of Christianity, the games declined in popularity. They were finally abolished by the Christian Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I in 393 A.D. The ancient Olympic Games lasted for 1170 years.

Modern Olympics

The revival of the modem Olympics was on account of a French educator named Baron Pierre de Coubertin. He started this dream in 1894 when he founded the International Olympic Committee with the intention of restoring the Ancient Olympic Games which had been held between 776 B.C. and 393 A.D. He believed that international competitions between amateur athletes would help promote friendly relationships between people from different countries. Despite strong opposition Baron assembled 79 delegates from 12 countries to attend the international congress for the re-establishment of the Olympic Games. It was decided to hold the first modern Olympic

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第4题

听力原文：Not until somewhat recently （that is, in terms of human history) did people find

听力原文：Not until somewhat recently (that is, in terms of human history) did people find a need for knowing the time of day. As best we know, 5,000 to 6,000 years ago great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa initiated clock-making. With their bureaucracies and formal religions, these cultures found a need to organize their time mom efficiently.

The Egyptians were the next to formally divide their day into parts something like our hours. Obelisks (slender, tapering, four-sided monuments) were built as early as 3500 B.C. Their moving shadows formed a kind of sundial, enabling citizens to partition the day into two parts by indicating noon. They also showed the year's longest and shortest days when the shadow at noon was the shortest or longest of the year. Later, markers added around the base of the monument would indicate further time subdivisions.

Another Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, possibly the first portable timepiece, came into use around 1500 B.C. to measure the passage of "hours". This device divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. When the long stem with 5 variably spaced marks was oriented east and west in the morning, an elevated crossbar on the east end east a moving shadow over the marks. At noon, the device was turned in the opposite direction to measure the afternoon "hours".

In the quest for more year-round accuracy, sundials evolved from flat horizontal or vertical plates to more elaborate forms. One version was the hemispherical dial, a bowl-shaped depression cut into a block of stone, carrying a central vertical gnomon (pointer) and scribed with sets of hour lines for different seasons. The hemicycle, said to have been invented about 300 B. C. , removed the useless haft of the hemisphere to give an appearance of a half-bowl cut into the edge of a squared block.

(33)

A．4,000-5,000.

B．50-60,000.

C．500-600.

D．5,000-6, 000.

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第5题

听力原文：In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious

听力原文： In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympic athletic festival, held every four years in honor of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, be came first a national event, and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B. C.

The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored people were not allowed to compete. Records show that the evening of the third day was devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the full moon, was set aside as a holy day. On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands of wild olive from a sacred wood. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished in A.D. 394 be cause of their pagan origin. It was a great many years before there was another such international athletic gathering. The Greek institution was brought back into existence in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re-established and nations sent their best representatives.

Today, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony.

(33)

A．in the seventh century A. D.

B．certainly before 700 B. C.

C．over three thousand years ago

D．a thousand years ago

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第6题

During the Olympic Games, people from all over the world come together in peace and friend

ship. The first Olympic Games that we have【21】of were in Greece in 776 B.C. The games lasted one day. The only【22】in the first thirteen Olympic Games was a race. Men ran the length of the stadium. In 1896 the games were【23】again in Athens, Greece. The Greeks【24】a new stadium for the competition. 311【25】from thirteen countries【26】in many events. The【27】became national heroes. After 1896, the games were held every four years during the summer in different cities around the【28】. In 1908, in London, England, the first gold【29】were given to winning athletes. The Olympic Winter Games【30】in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Athletes competed in【31】events such as skiing, ice skating and ice hockey. Today the Winter Games take place【32】four years. Until recently, Olympic competitors could not be【33】athletes. All of the athletes in the Olympic Games were amateurs. Today,【34】, many of the Olympic athletes are professionals who play their sports【35】money during the year. Some people disagree with this idea.

(41)

A．books

B．history

C．records

D．publications

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第7题

听力原文： From the earliest days, people have wanted to keep some record of their achievem

ents. Thus they build monuments, or they tell stories from parents to children, or they write things down. To give shape to the stories, to show how events related to one another, ancient people began to write what we call histories. In both Greek and Latin, the word "historia" means a story or a narrative. Historians were regarded as those who told the story of the past.

One of the earliest historians, a Greek named Herodotus, always tried to make sure that information was as accurate as possible. Herodotus lived in the 400's B.C. He wrote a detailed account of the Persian Wars, the great struggle between the Greeks and the Persians that had taken place in the years before he was born.

A great deal of our information about these wars exists only because Herodotus found it out and wrote it down. Here, to give one example, is his account of how the battle of Salamis began. This was a naval battle at which the Athenian ships defeated the Persians that had taken place in the year 480 B.C. It was one of the turning points of the war, and the question was how the Greeks, badly outnumbered, dared to fight. Here is how Herodotus explained it:

Themistocles, the Athenian leader, told them to board their ships, whereupon the Greeks put to sea. The fleet had hardly left shore when they were attacked by the Persians. At once, most of the Greeks began to retreat, and were about to touch land again when one of the Athenian captains shot forward and charged one of the enemy. The two ships became entangled, and could not be separated. At this the rest of the Greek fleet came up to help, and the battle began.

Ever since Herodotus, historians have recovered and preserved information about past events that otherwise would have been lost. Modern historians have continued to look for new information which helps us understand the past more clearly and more accurately. The usefulness of historians and their works has been recognized by a number of American Presidents, who have made professional historians part of their White House staffs.

15.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the ways people used to keep record of their achievements？

16.Which of the following is NOT true about Herodotus？

17.How did the Greeks dare to fight according to Herodotus？

18.In what way do American Presidents recognize the usefulness of historians and their works？

(35)

A．They build monuments.

B．They tell stories from parents to children.

C．They write things down.

D．They make professional historians part of their governments' staffs.

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第8题

听力原文：The students are listening to the teacher carefully.

听力原文：The students are listening to the teacher car

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第9题

听力原文：The cat is sleeping on the floor. A．B．C．

听力原文：The cat is sleeping on the floor.

听力原文：The cat is sleeping on the floor. A．B．C．听力原文：

A．

B．

C．

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