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All laws have to be submitted to Parliament for ratification before ______into force.
A．to be put
B．putting
C．being put
D．to put
答案
更多“All laws have to be submitted to Parliament for ratification before ______into force.A．to”相关的问题
第1题
Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women's needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of“protecting”their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, 1ess advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women's competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.
Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years；manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible. since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.
In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs—good health care. a decent wage,and a safe workplace—are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women's rights for equal protection in employment.
According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state 1aws limiting the work hours of women workers？
A．Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.
B．Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.
C．Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.
D．The health of most women factory workers improved.
第2题
In most parts of the United States, you【C6】______be 21 years old to buy alcohol in a liquor store, bar,【C7】______restaurant. In some states you may buy beer in a grocery store. If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the【C8】______of the store is usually【C9】______a large sum of money.【C10】______, many areas have an open-container law,【C11】______means that people may not drink alcohol on the street or in a car. Anyone【C12】______with an open container of alcohol may be arrested.
【C13】______, with all of these laws, the【C14】______of alcohol is a serious【C15】______in the United States and Canada. Drinking on college campuses,【C16】______there are many underage drinkers has【C17】______greatly. In fact, alcohol sales have gone up【C18】______the legal drinking age was【C19】______from 18 to 21. Some people believe that if there were no legal drinking age,【C20】______in some other countries, North American youth would drink less.
【C1】
A．privilege
B．advantage
C．right
D．tradition
第3题
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality, which often undoubtedly brings out a man's very worst qualities. Normally quiet and pleasant people may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear; they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles on the motorist and seems to tolerate his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; and the mass annual death becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are extremely loose and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.
Here are a few examples that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through annual tests for safety. Present drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the U.S.A. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound terribly harsh. But remember: The world is for human beings, not motorcars.
The main idea of this passage is ______.
A．traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists
B．thousands of people the world over are killed each year
C．the laws of some countries about driving are too loose
D．stricter traffic laws should be made to prevent accidents
第4题
听力原文： There have always been disabled children. Long before, people with disabilities were often placed in hospitals, or other places that gave little education. A French educator was one of the earliest teachers who believed that people could tree special methods to teach disabled children. In 1801 he found a young boy walking wild in the woods of France. Between 1801 and 1805 he used some techniques to teach the boy how to communicate with others and how to complete daily living skills, such as dressing himself.
During the 18th and 19th centuries in the United States, educators opened a variety of special schools for disabled students. In 1816 an American minister established the first public school for deaf students in the United States. The first school for blind students in the United States was founded in 1829 in Boston. Special education classes began at the beginning of the 20th century.
Special education in the United States has been most influenced by parents and laws. Although all children should go to school by laws, many U. S. schools refused children with disabilities even in the 1960s. Since then, attitudes have changed, and now laws require schools to give children with disabilities necessary education.
(20)
A．He found a boy walking in the forest in the U.S.
B．He taught a healthy boy how to have conversation with others.
C．He taught a disabled boy some simple daily skills.
D．He put his son in hospital.
第5题
As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.
Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere, a larger one would hold too much of it.
Life also required a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.
Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.
If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life？ First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next, eliminate most of their planets, they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.
Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe ______.
A．has different laws
B．has one common law
C．shares the same laws
D．shares no common law
第6题
The limited time and space which man occupies suggest, according to the paragraph,
A．man's life is also insignificant.
B．man's opinions can not be accurate at all.
C．human observations in general are all but partial.
D．man cannot have any opinion.
第7题
•Read the article below about international law.
•Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.
•For each Question 21-30, mark one letter(A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom and usage. The USA, Canada, and the UK are examples of this legal system. Civil law is based on a detailed set of laws that make (21) a code. Rules for conducting business transactions are a part of the (22) . So, civil law (23) is also called codified legal system (Code Law). More than 70 countries (24) on a civil law basis, such as most European countries, Japan, Russia, and so on. Civil Law(Code Law) is established by arbitrary methods and (25) a comprehensive set of codes which clearly spell out the laws applicable in all possible legal situations. (26) are divided into three separate codes: commercial, civil and criminal. When (27) business matters, commercial codes have precedence over other codes.
The main difference between the common law and civil law is that common law is based on the courts' interpretations of events, while civil law is based on how the law is (28) the facts.
Theocratic law is based on religious precepts. The best example of this law is Islamic law, (29) is found in Muslim countries. Islamic law is a moral rather than a commercial law and is intended to govern all aspects of life. An example of (30) Islamic law influences international business can be found in banking. Islamic law does not allow banks to pay or collect interest. Instead, banks have to structure fees into their loans to allow them to make a profit.
(21)
A．in
B．up
C．from
D．of
第8题
根据下列文章,请回答 26～30 题。
Text 2
Everyone of us lives and works on a small part of the earth's surface, moves in a small circle,and of these acquaintances knows only a few intimately. Of any public event that has wide effects we see at best only a phase and an aspect. This is true that the eminent insiders, who draft treaties,make laws, and issue orders, are like those who have treaties framed on them, laws promulgated to them, orders given at them. Inevitably our opinions cover a bigger space, a longer reach of time,many things, that we can directly observe. So they have to be pieced together out of what others have reported and what we can imagine. Yet even the eyewitness does not bring back a naive picture of the scene. For experience seems to show that he himself brings something to the scene which later he takes away from it, that oftener than not what he imagines to be the account of an event is really a transfiguration of it. Few facts in consciousness seem to be merely given. Most facts in consciousness seem to be partly made. A report is the joint product of the knower and known,in which the role of the observer is always selective and usually creative. The facts we see depend on where we are placed, and the habits of our eyes.
第 26 题 The limited time and space which man occupies suggest, according to the paragraph,_____
A．man's life is also insignificant.
B．man's opinions can not be accurate at all.
C．human observations in general are all but partial.
D．man cannot have any opinion.
第9题
根据短文回答 36～40 题。
Life in the Universe
Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe － life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the folio, wing way.
As far as astronomers (天文学家) can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.
Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This .eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.
Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or tars that flare up (闪耀) suddenly. Only single stab that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.
Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.
If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life？ First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next, eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.
第 36 题 Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe（）
A．obeys different laws
B．obeys one common law
C．obeys the same laws
D．obeys no common law
第10题
The One-Call System
In most states, natural gas industry-supported laws require contractors and private landowners to call the local One-Call number before beginning any kind of digging. With forty-eight hours' notice, a pipeline operator will locate the pipeline and mark it clearly. Any damage at all to a pipe-even the slightest scratch could lead to a leak later on. Whether One-Call has become the law in your state or not, you can help keep pipelines safe by calling the number on the right-of-way markers before you dig. 2. Leak Detection
Most pipelines are operated twenty-four hours a day from a control station, using telephone, satellite, or microwave communications systems. Computers are widely used to monitor conditions along the line every ten to sixty seconds, sounding an alarm if they detect any abnormality or sudden change in pressure. In the event of an alarm, valves can be closed and nearby pipeline crews dispatched within minutes.
3. Emergency Response Preparedness
Although leaks occur infrequently and rarely result in a fire, readiness for any emergency is a crucial responsibility for pipeline companies. Federal and state laws supported by the natural gas industry require pipeline companies and local police and fire departments to maintain a coordinated plan of response and to practice for an emergency by staging drills. These drills and personnel training programs emphasize the need for immediate action and for cooperation between the various rescue agencies and the pipeline company.
4. Public Awareness
The One-Call system, state-of-the-art leak detection equipment, and emergency response procedures have all been put in place with one thing in mind-the safety of you, the public. Please visit the website of the Natural Gas Association to find out more about our safety procedures, tips for using natural gas safely in your home, and information on what to do if you see someone tampering with pipeline right-of-way markers.
What is the main focus of this passage？
A．Safety
B．Personnel training
C．Computer monitoring
D．Industry-supported laws
