One of the more important communicative tasks may confront a traveler.That is the ___1
___ of when a speaker has said "no".That is, one needs to be able to recognize that a respondent has refused or ___2___ what the speaker has demanded, solicited, or offered.Equally, one needs to ___3___ the appropriate manner in which to respond in the negative when offered, solicited, or demanded something.It is ___4___ that it is sometimes difficult to recognize a refusal in one"s mother tongue where the answer might be unclear.However, in many ___5___ the meaning can be made clear.This is possible if one knows how to read the ___6___ signals.A first task for the visitor abroad is to discover which forms are used to ___7___ this function.If we compare form. and function across cultures, it soon becomes clear that one form. may be used to mean different things in another culture than in one’s own.For example, in Turkish "no" is ___8___ by moving one"s head backwards while rolling one"s eyes upwards.However, to an American this movement is ___9___ to the signal used for saying "yes".Further, in still other cultures, head shaking may have nothing to do with affirmation or negation.In parts of India, rolling the head slowly from side to side means something like "Yes, go on.I"m listening".Thus, as one goes from culture to culture, form. and function may not ___10___.If a foreigner wants to communicate appropriately, he must develop the competence of sending and receiving "no" messages.
A.acquire
B.obtain
C.fulfill
D.compare
E.match
F.denied
G.granted
H.admitted
I.signaled
J.recognition
K.conflicts
L.encounters
M.close
N.available
O.appropriate
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