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A．too much
B．much too
C．so much
D．much so
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更多“Prof Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realize”相关的问题
第1题
？Read the article below about relationship and productivity.
？For each question 31-40, write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
Doing Favours at Work
Productivity rises when workers help each other more. Francis Flynn, of Columbia University's business school, studied 161 engineers working for a telecoms firm near San Francisco. They work in eight teams, but each individually sorts (31) detailed engineering problems sent in from around the country. Mr. Flynn asked each employee to report how (32) he swapped help with each member of the team and who had given relatively more in their exchanges. Thus, he looked separately at the frequency with (33) individual workers made such swaps and at how one-sidedly generous they were. He also asked employees to rate how highly they regarded one (34)
Mr. Flynn correlated the answers he got with information from the firm on employees' productivity. He found that generous employees who got little (35) exchange were well-regarded by colleagues. Employees who helped colleagues generously but did not receive help in return were less productive. Those who received as well as gave (36) relatively more productive, particularly those who helped each other most often. A pattern of frequent giving and receiving boosted (37) productivity and social standing.
Why (38) productivity rise when employees frequently swap help？ Mr. Flynn has two explanations. First, as employees learn more about the resources they can offer each other, they develop a more-efficient pattern of requesting and giving help. Second, helpful employees learn to trust each other more, and become willing to do bigger favours because they feel more sure (39) the likelihood of reciprocation. And, of course, it is nicer to work with helpful people (40) with the other sort.
(31)
第2题
A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.
While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part.
The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.
"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist. "Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse." "I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering."
Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. "These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.
The underlined word "alleviate" in the fifth paragraph probably means"______".
A．cure
B．ease
C．improve
D．kill
第5题
Thursday January 11, 2007
The Guardian1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
If successful, virus therapy could eventually form. a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour"s pioneering techniques.
One of the country"s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you"ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.
Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body"s local immune system. "If a cancer doesn"t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there"s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer"s Achilles" heel."
Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.
Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It"s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we"ve had before."
Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
Prof Seymour"s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body"s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body"s immune system destroying them on the way.
"What we"ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it"s a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.
After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body"s immune system.
The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There"s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.
Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
(665 words)
Questions 29-34
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？ For questions 29-34 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try toA.change the body’ immune system
B.inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
C.increase the amount of injection
D.disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copiesA.will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
B.will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
C.will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
D.will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Question 36-37 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer. Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
A.on TV
B.in magazines
C.on internet
D.in newspapers
Questions 38-41 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once. NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all. In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to 38___________ adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the 39___________ These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right 40___________ needed. The experiments will firstly be 41___________ to the treatment of certain cancers List of Words dosage responding smallpox virus disable natural ones inject directed treatment cold-like illness kill patients examined
38.___________
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
第7题
A.covered
B.expressed
C.released
D.revealed
第9题
— May I speak to Prof . Li please？
—（）.
A.There's no Prof. Li
B.I'm afraid you've got the wrong number
C.No, you can't
第10题
Which of the following is TURE about the view of Prof de Tommaso's？
A．Beautiful surroundings could help to heal sufferings completely.
B．Hospitals must take their artistic aspects into consideration first.
C．Ugly surroundings will surely make the pain worse.
D．Both music and beauty can reduce pain in hospital patients.
