say researchers who warn that rising temperatures also_____

Napping to a Healthier Heart？

Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease isl ikely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood．The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack，heart failure or stroke．

Kirsten Bibbins—Domingo 0f the University of California in San Francisco led the team．For about tour years，they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease．The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT—proBNP．Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack，heart failure or stroke．

The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men，s0 the researchers could not

say for sure that the results are also true for women．They say the patients with the highest levels of NT—proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure．

Other researchers say more tudies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person’s treatment．They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient’s chance of a heart attack or stroke．The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association．

Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack ？ An unrdated study earlier this month in the Archiyes of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes In countries like the United Stares，afternoon Haps are mosny for childten． But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries．And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disense.So scientists in the United Stares and Greece wondered if naps could play a part．Twenty—three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty—minute naps three times a week had a thirty—seven percent lower risk of death from heart pmblems than people who did not take naps.

The researchers say napping may improve heart hearlth by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men．But they say not enoush female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women．

第 23 题 Paragraph 2________.

hour or relax with a glass of wine after work. A recent study by two economists shows drinkers earn more than teetotalers. In fact the data that published in a journal of labor research shows drinkers earn 10%-14% more than people who avoid alcohol altogether. The researchers say this disparity in pay might be explained by the fact drinkers have wider social networks. They argue this enables drinkers to get better jobs and business opportunities, truly increase social capital. But the study has its critics, they point out the researchers founded their work with money from libertarian think tank the Reason Foundation. That group has been fighting in- creased regulation and taxation of alcohol around the country. The authors of the study do point out social drinking has its limits. Having more than 21 servings of alcohol a week they say actually reduces earning potential. One could say all things in moderation.

Why do drinkers earn more than teetotalers according to this passage？

A．Because drinkers have better health.

B．Because drinkers receive more money from social warefare.

C．Because drinkers have wider social networks.

D．Because drinkers are more hard-working.

Napping to a Healthier Heart？

1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke.

2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke.

3. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.

4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person's treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack？ An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.

6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

A Effects of Napping in Females Still Uncertain

B Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP

C Development of a Simple but Important Test

D Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease

E How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP

F Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

Paragraph 2 ______

fer a heart attack. They say the risk of a heart attack is greatest within an hour of being in traffiC.

The findings are based on a German study of almost 700 people who suffered heart attacks. The patients described their activities during the four days before their heart attack. Researchers found that those who had been in traffic were three times more likely to have a heart attack within one hour, compared to those who had not been in traffiC. Most of those in the study had been traveling by car. But some had been on bicycles and others were on buses.

Research shows that people in cars and buses are exposed to ten times the amount of pollutants as people walking on the street. That is largely because they breathe in the particles and gasses released from the vehicles in front of them.

Over time, these small particles speed the buildup of a sticky substance in the blooD. This can cause blockages(阻塞) to form. in the arteries(动脉) around the heart and lead to a heart attack.

Other studies have also linked heart trouble to stress, similar to the kind that people face while driving in heavy traffiC. But the researchers of the latest study say they do not know whether the increased heart attack risk was the result of stress or pollution. They suggest it may be a combination of stress, noise and pollution. Experts say the research shows the need fro cleaner vehicles and better city planning.

9.According to the study, which of the following ways is the safest in traffic？

A. Driving a car

B. Walking on the street

C. Taking a bus

D. Riding a bicycle

9.From among the 700 people who suffered heart attacks we learn that ______.

A. those who have been in traffic are three times as many as those who have not

B. those who have been in traffic for more than one hour are most likely to suffer heart attacks

C. the risk of a heart attack is three higher among those who have been in traffic than those who have not

D. Most of the subjects (实验对象) felt uncomfortable during the four days before the attack

9.The particles released from vehicles ______.

A. build up in the blood

B. become blockages in the arteries

C. make the blood more sticky

D. do harm to the heart

9.According to the studies, which of the following is NOT a likely cause of heart attack？

A. Stress

B. Noise

C. Air pollution

D. Traffic accident

9.What suggestion do experts make to lower the risk？

A. Reducing traffic as much as possible.

B. Living away from nose.

C. Planting more trees in the city.

D. Making vehicles clean.

Rise in Number of Cancer Survivors

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, after heart disease. In the (51), it was often considered a death sentence. But many patients now live longer(52)of improvements in discovery and treatment.

Researchers say death(53)in the United States from all cancers combined have fallen for thirty years. Survival rates have increased for most of the top fifteen cancers in both men and women, and for cancers in(54).

The National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the number of cancer survivors. A cancer survivor is defined(55)anyone who has been found to have cancer. This would include current patients.

The study covered the period(56)1971 to 2001. The researchers found there are three(57)as many cancer survivors today as there were thirty years ago. In 1971, the United States had about three-million cancer(58). Today there are about ten-million.

The study also found that 64% of adults with cancer can expect to still be(59)in five years. Thirty years ago, the five-year survival rate was 50%. The government wants to (60)the five-year survival rate to 70% by 2010.

The risk of cancer increases with age. The report says the majority of survivors are 65 years and (61).

But it says medical improvements have also helped children with cancer live(62)longer. Researchers say 80% of children with cancer will survive at least five years after the discovery. About 75% will survive at (63)ten years.

In the 1970s, the five-year survival rate for children was about 50%. In the 1960s, most children did not survive cancer. Researchers say they(64)more improvements in cancer treatment in the future. In fact, they say traditional cancer-prevention programs are not enough anymore. They say public health programs should also aim to support the (65)numbers of cancer survivors and their families.

A．past

B．present

C．future

D．old

Vitamin A. The researchers used genetic engineering to create the new rice. Genetic engineering is the technology of changing the genes of living things. The researchers say the rice could help millions of people who do not get enough Vitamin A in the food they eat. The findings were published in Science magazine.

Vitamin A is necessary for the body's natural defense system against disease. Vitamin A is needed to help prevent skin and other tissues from drying out. It also produces a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.

People who do not get enough Vitamin A cannot see well in the dark. They may develop a condition that dries the eyes. The condition can result in infections that lead to blindness.

A lack of Vitamin A is a major cause of blindness among children. Health experts estimate that 124 million children around the world do not eat enough foods with Vitamin A.

Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and in the yellow part of eggs. Vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes contain beta carotene, a substance that the body changes into Vitamin A.

Public health campaigns to provide Vitamin A to those who need it have proved costly. And they are not always effective. That has led researchers to try to create foods with the vitamin.

Rice is one of the most common crops grown worldwide. However, normal rice lacks Vitamin A. Researchers at a laboratory in Switzerland found a way to change the genetic material of rice. They added three genes to the rice. The genes produce beta carotene, the chemical that our bodies change into Vitamin A.

The new rice has a golden yellow color. The researchers say 200 grams of the rice have enough beta carotene to provide the necessary amount of Vitamin A.

Biologist Mary Lou Guerinot of Dartmouth College wrote a commentary published with the report in science magazine. She said the rice is an excellent example of the good things that can be done with genetic engineering. However, critics of genetic engineering argue that changing plant genes could increase risks to human health or the environment.

With Vitamin A people won't get any diseases.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Red meat links to higher risk of breast cancer1

Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.

Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months．For older women，hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases． But it has been found to in-crease the risk of breast cancer． So women should consider their choices carefully．The same may be said for diet.

New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone—receptor positive3． The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone，progesterone，in the body.

Researchers at Brigham Women’s Hospital in Boston，Massachusetts，reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses．The researchers followed the health of more than 90，000 women from l991 to 2003．Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day．A serving was defined as roughly84 grams．Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week．This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-posi-tive : The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it．

Eunyoung Cho，the lead author of the report，says more research is needed to know the reason for the link．But in the past，researchers have suggested that three things may play a part．One is the way meat is cooked or processed．Another is the use of growth hormones in cows．And the third is the kind of iron in red meat．The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

And now we have more to tell you about our subject—resveratr01．We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer．The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine，one of the foods that contains it.

Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance—again．at least in mice．They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could．The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell.

第 23 题 Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Napping to a Healthier Heart？

Researchers say they have developed a．simple test that can tell if a person with]heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack．The test measures levels of a protein in the blood．The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack。heart failure3 or stroke．

Kirsten Bibbins—Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team．For about four years，they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease．The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a Drotein called N31-proBNP．4 Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack，heart failure or stroke．

The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way．The study involved mostly men，so the researchers could not say for sure that the resuhs are also true。for women．They say the patients with the highest levels of NT—proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure．

Other researchers say more studies are needed to eonfilTn if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affeet that person’s treatment．They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment6 could reduce the patient’s chance of a heart attack or stroke．The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association．7Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack？An unrelated studv earlier this month：in the Archives of Internal Medicine8 suggests that the answer may be yes．In countri’es like the United States．

afternoon naps are mostly for children．But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries，And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease．So seienhsts in the United States and Greece wondered if naps eould play a part．Twenty—three thousand healthy adults took part in the study．by Harvard University and the University of Athens．9 Those who took。thirty—min’ute naps three times a week had a thirty—seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps．

The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men．But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women．

词汇：

nap n．vi．(白天)小睡，打盹；睡午觉

failure n．衰竭

stroke n．中风diabetes n．糖尿病

archive n．(常用复数)档案；档案室

Mediterranean aaj．地中海的

subject n．受实验者

注释：

1．Napping to a Healthier Heart？午睡可以使心脏更健康吗？to在这里表示达到某种结果或效果。

2．heart attack：心脏病发作

3．heart failure：心力衰竭

4．NT—proBNP：N端-脑型利钠肽原(或：N末端前脑利钠肽)。它是心肌中的一种压力指示因子，有望成为预测冠心病转归的生化标志物。

5．for sure：确实，毫无疑问地

6．aggressive treatment：损伤性治疗(aggressive原意是“有攻击性的，侵略的”)

7．American Medical Association(AMA)：美国医学会

8．Archives of Internal Medicine：内科医学档案

9．Harvard University：(美国)哈佛大学

University of Athens：(希腊)雅典大学

练习：

第 23 题 Paragraph 2__________

A．Effects of napping in females still uncertain

B．Older males have higher levels of NT—proBNP

C．Development of a simple but important test

D．Evidence of positive relationship between napping and heall disease

E．How to control the levels of NT—proBNP

F．Effects of NT—proBNP Oil heart disease

听力原文： A new study suggests that very young children who watch a lot of television may have attention problems later in school.

Children with attention problems cannot sit still or control their actions. They talk too much, lose things, forget easily and are not able to finish tasks.

The new study tested the idea that television watching by very young children is linked to attention problems by the age of seven. It involved more than 1,300 children. There were two groups of children, aged one and three. Researchers asked the parents how often the children watched television. The parents also described their children's actions at the age of seven using a method that can tell if someone suffers from attention problems.

The children who watched a lot of television at an early age were most likely to have attention problems. Every hour of watching television increased the chances of having attention problems by about ten percent. For example, children who watched three hours a day were thirty percent more likely to have attention problems than those who watched no television.

One of the researchers said there are other reasons why children should not watch television. Earlier studies have linked it with children becoming too fat and too aggressive. Other experts say the new study is important, but more work needs to be done to confirm the findings and better explain the cause and effect.

(30)

A．Attention problems.

B．Participating problems.

C．Communication problems.

D．Speaking problems.

根据下列文章,请回答 51～65 题。

The Placebo Effect

When scientists want to test a new dru9，they usually divide a large number of people___________ (51)two groups．One group takes the medicine and the other takes a substance___________ (52)as a placebo(安慰剂)．It may contain nothing more than sugar．The people do not know which pill they are takin9，the active one or the inactive one．In this kind of experiment，the medicine must perform___________ (53)than the placebo to prove it is effective．

Yet，people who take a placebo sometimes experience improvements in their health．This is known as” the placebo effect’ the effect of something___________ (54)is not supposed to have any effect．

Some doctors even use the placebo effect in their treatments．They might tell patients that a new drug will stop their pain．The patient does not know that the pills are___________ (55)．The patient___________ (56) the pills and later tells the doctor that the pain is gone．

Now research in Sweden suggests that placebo treatments can als0___________ (57)the emotional effects of unpleasant experiences．The effects in the brain were similar to those seen when placebos have been used to ease pain．The researchers say that in both cases expectations of improvement are a major___________(58)on the effectiveness of placebos．The new study involved a group of people who looked at unpleasant pictures，___________ (59)images of dead bodies．Predrag Petrovic of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm led the study．The findings appeared in the publication Neuron(神经元)．

An influential study on placebos appeared in 1955．It said treatment with a placebo___________ (60)patients feel better 35% of the time．But in 200 1，Danish researchers reposed that they had examined more than 100 studies．They found___________ (61)evidence of healing as a result Of placebos．

Some researchers think a good relationship between a doctor and patient can increase the effectiveness of real medicines．In any case．Some medical researchers are against the use of___________ (62)．They think it is___________ (63)to give some people inactive substances when testing new medicines．They say it would be better to___________ (64)new drugs with existing drugs．That way, a study would show___________ (65)the new drug is more effective．

第 51 题

A．in

B．to

C．into

D．for