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The average fuel price in California is______.
A．$5. 69 a gallon
B．$1. 20 a gallon
C．$6. 89 a gallon
D．$4. 49 a gallon
答案
更多“The average fuel price in California is______.A．$5. 69 a gallonB．$1. 20 a gallonC．$6. 89 a”相关的问题
第1题
Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
The IEA’s World Energy Outlook report says increasing demand and use of energy is unsustainable and has to be curbed (控制).
The switch to more low-carbon energy will require an extra investment of ￡2.7 trillion — equivalent to 0.2 per cent of GDP — the IEA report said, with an average ￡11 spent per head worldwide on more efficient cars, appliances and buildings. The improved energy efficiency would deliver fuel-cost savings of almost ￡4.5 trillion.
Three-quarters of the projected rise in energy-related CO2 emissions will be accounted for by some developing countries.
IEA executive director Nobuo Tanaka said, “Current trends in energy supply and consumption are apparently unsustainable.”
The report says that, assuming no new government policies, the world energy demand will grow by 1.6 per cent per year on average between 2006 and 2030. This figure is lower than projected last year because the economic slowdown has reduced demand.
Demand for oil will rise from the current 85m barrels per day to 106m barrels by 2030. Demand for coal will rise more than any other fuel — despite the environmental damage it causes — accounting for more than a third of the increase in energy use.
The report claims oil will remain the world’s main source of energy for many years to come even with the rapid development of alternative renewable energy technology but the amount of oil remaining, production costs and consumer price will remain unpredictable.
Mr. Tanaka said big international oil and gas companies would in the future have limited scope to increase reserves and production while in contrast national companies are projected to account for about 80 per cent of the increase of both oil and gas production to 2030.
The report says measures to curb CO2 emissions will improve energy security by reducing global fossil-fuel energy use but this would not alarm the world’s major oil producers.
“OPEC production will need to be 12m barrels higher per day in 2030 than today. It is clear that the energy sectors will have to play the central role in tackling climate change,” said Mr. Tanaka.
第27题：The switch to more low-carbon energy will ________.
A) need an additional $2.7 trillion investment
B) consume 2 per cent of the U.K.’s GDP
C) cost each person in the U.K. $11 on average
D) save about ￡4.5 trillion in fuel costs
第2题
A.help to eliminate partisan disagreement between the two parties
B.enable Americans to be independent from foreign oil
C.help to promote consumption of gas and automobiles
D.can result in a lower-carbon and more-secure energy future
第3题
Buying a New Car
Decide What You Can Afford, Want, and Need
A car is one of the most important and costly purchases you may make. By preparing yourself before you start shopping for a car, you can make the buying process much easier. Besides helping you decide what is best for you, your research and preparation will help you get the best deal.
Some people may have saved enough money to be able to pay cash for a new car. Others must finance the purchase. Take a careful look at your budget to determine how much you can afford to spend as a down payment on a new car and how much you can spend on monthly payments.
Once you have decided on your price range, decide what type of car you want and need. When making this decision, consider how many passengers will be riding in the vehicle and the kind of driving you do. While a sports coupe(双座四轮车) might be just what you need to get back and forth to work, a larger vehicle may be in order if you need the car to shuttle children to and from various activities.
Information Equals Bargaining Leverage (杠杆)
Once you decide on the type of car you need, it is time to do your research to narrow down the choices. A number of publications and other resources can provide comparison information rating the vehicles within specific categories. Compare such areas as safety, reliability, fuel economy, warranties, operating costs, general features, and options when making your decision.
Safety
Consider the safety features offered in a car. More and more auto makers are offering air bags on the front passenger's side, in addition to the driver's side. Air bags automatically inflate (膨胀) on impact to provide a cushion.
Other optional safety features include built-in child safety seats, anti-lock brakes, and traction control. Anti-lock brakes keep the wheels from locking up and skidding out of control when the driver slams on the brakes suddenly, or hits a slick spot in the road. Also, consider whether the car has good outward visibility, and whether or not the gauges on the instrument panel are easy to read. Reliability
A number of sources compare maintenance costs on vehicles and have compiled information about repairs that are likely with particular models. Information is also available on the number of complaints filed about particular cars.
Fuel Economy
Mandated(批准) by federal law, fuel economy has improved over the years. The average fuel economy is now more than 28 miles per gallon. Federal law requires an Environmental Protection Agency label to be placed on the window of every new car, listing average fuel economy for city and highway driving according to EPA tests. The ratings are intended to be a comparison between models. Depending on how and where you drive, your actual mileage may not match the estimates.
Warranties
Compare each car's warranty coverage, which may vary widely among car manufacturers. Consider the length of the warranty, mileage limits, and deductibles. Some cars have basic warranties, which cover the entire vehicle, while others have limited warranties.
Operating Costs
A number of publications offer estimates on what it costs to operate a car in a year's time. These costs vary greatly from one model to another, with luxury cars costing more than economy cars. The factors included in operating costs arc fuel, oil, maintenance, and tires. Other costs associated with ownership, which also vary greatly, are insurance, depreciation, taxes, and licensing.
General Features
Consider your particular needs when analyzing different vehicles, For instance, if you need a lot of trunk space for hauling groceries, baseball equipment, or boxes of supplies for your office, cho
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第4题
CONGRATULATIONS !
By riding public transportation, you are he]ping to solve some of the major pollution problems in Boston.
1. AIR POLLUTION. Motor vehicles are to blame for over 80% of the air pollution in the city. Eighty-nine percent of" the vehicles in Boston are personal cars and 50 percent of them are often operated with only one person in the car. If people would use public transportation instead of their cars, air pollution levels could be greatly lowered.
2. SPACE POLLUTION. Thirty percent of the land in downtown Boston is devoted to cars. Where there are garages, there could be gardens. Where there are highways, there should be homes and places to work and play in.
3. NOISE POLLUTION. Studies show that people today show a greater hearing loss with age than ever before. Much of this is due to general traffic noises.
The cost of a personal car is high In its owner. The average person pays about ＄ 2,000 per car per year in fuel, taxes... and what's more, we pay in death from car accidents, in poor health from air pollution, in loss of bearing from noise pollution, and in the damage of our city by the ever increasing number of highways.
HOW CAN YOU HELP？
1. Do not drive in the city.
2. Use public transportation.
3. Support laws for improving public transportation.
For further information, call 876-7085. Please pass this on to a friend.
The main purpose of this leaflet is to ______
A．give information to people who are planning to boy cars
B．persuade people to use public transportation instead of their own cars
C．give suggestions to people suffering from pollution-related diseases
D．discuss the major causes of pollution problems in Boston
第5题
Too Little for Global Warming
Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet.
The IPCC's predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.
Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined about to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world's remaining reserves.
Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel's work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the "conservative" Swedes.
Even if oil and gas run out, "there's a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited", he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a "shot across the bows" for policy makers.
What problem does the authors of the new analysis raise？
A．The coal reserves are big enough.
B．All the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide.
C．Coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall of oil and gas reserves.
D．Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.
第6题
听力原文： Everyone knows about unemployment. But millions of working Americans are now facing a less familiar and perhaps more troubling problem: shrinking wages. It's a phenomenon that takes many forms. Some workers have had to swallow outright pay cuts. Others have lost their jobs and, in the tough labor market of today, have had to settle for new ones at less pay. Still others—including employees at such giants as AT&T, Boise Cascade and Starwood Hotels—have had to accept pay freezes that, when rising prices are factored in, amount to reduced compensation. To add insult to injury, companies everywhere are reducing bonuses and overtime and eroding health and pension benefits.
The numbers are grim. For the 500,000 workers laid off since January, the average job search has stretched to a 19-year high of nearly five months—about twice the duration of the typical severance package. According to outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas, 17% of those who do find work—nearly double the historical percentage—are settling for less pay. The net result of the various pressures on pay is in the first three months of 2003, median weekly earnings adjusted for inflation fell 1.5%, according to the U.S. Labor Department. That's the biggest drop since 1991, according to Jared Bernstein, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute, a research group based in Washington. Wage erosion partly explains why the Federal Reserve Board openly frets about the threat of deflation, a downward spiral in prices that can cripple an economy by making debt repayment more difficult and encouraging consumers to wait for even lower prices. Adding fuel to the deflation debate, the cost of goods to both consumers and manufacturers fell in April, officials reported last week.
Which of the following is NOT a form. of wage erosion？
A．Pay cuts.
B．Pay freezes.
C．Bonus reduction.
D．Job-hopping.
第10题
Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently
Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision making. While female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling (错误地处理) the aircraft (航行器). These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. "Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths" in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots, " explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.
The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation (航行) crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40--63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.
The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots' crashes and 36 percent of males'. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel (燃料), and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females.
The majority of the crashes -- 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males -- involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females (accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect (过失). Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterparts.
What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about？
A．Causes of aircraft crash.
B．Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.
C．Causes of mishandling aircraft.
D．Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States.
