重要提示：请勿将账号共享给其他人使用，违者账号将被封禁！
查看《购买须知》>>>
首页 > 外语类考试> 大学英语四级
网友您好，请在下方输入框内输入要搜索的题目：
搜题
拍照、语音搜题，请扫码下载APP
扫一扫 下载APP
题目内容 （请给出正确答案）
[主观题]

It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized（官僚机构化), they become bound

It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized(官僚机构化), they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In doing so, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up. Thus, they do not facilitate(使便利)the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.

It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric(花言巧语)and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools re orient themselves towards their "clients". By doing so, it is claimed, not only do they once a gain address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes(发出)the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.

Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be vi ably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by "educational" we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section,, "the consumers". If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.

If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.

According to the author, criticism of schools arises from ______.

A．a misunderstanding of schools officials

B．the high cost of education due to bureaucracy

C．concerns that schools deliberately neglect students

D．a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucratic

答案
查看答案
发布时间：2020-09-08
收藏
更多“It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized（官僚机构化), they become bound”相关的问题

第1题

第一篇It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may

第一篇

It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.

Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.

Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

According to Bowlby, children under the age of three ______.

A. should not be sent to school

B. should be cared for outside the home

C. will not suffer from parental separation

D. don't mind who will look after them

点击查看答案

第2题

It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer
because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.

Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.

Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

According to Bowlby, children under the age of three ______.

A．should not be sent to school

B．should be cared for outside the home

C．will not suffer from parental separation

D．don't mind who will look after them

点击查看答案

第3题

Unpopular Subjects？ Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subj

Unpopular Subjects？

Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities？Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter ____________(51)Nature that "Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects--____________ (52)they don't, who will？" He went on to use the____________ (53) of Maxwell'selectrodynamics (电动力学) as one case where a "useless subject" has been transformed to a useful subject.

Nowadays this argument is again very much____________ (54) in many universities.Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be____________ (55)anew (重新 by each generation. But now there is an added twist (歪曲 )-subjects must not only be useful, they must also be____________ (56) enough that students will flock (蜂拥 ) to do them, and even flock to pay to do them.

As universities become commercial operations, the pressure to____________ (57)subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger.

Perhaps this is most strongly____________ (58) at the moment by physics. There has been much____________ (59) in the press of universities that are closing down physics

departments and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments.

Many scientists think otherwise. They see physics as a____________ (60) science,which must be kept alive if only to____________ (61) a base for other sciences and engineering. It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under____________(62) in many universities. How can it be preserved in the rush towards commercial competition？ A major turnaround (转变)in student popularity may have to____________(63) until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well.

Physics is now not only unpopular; it is also "hard". We can do more about the latter by____________(64) teaching in our schools and universities. We can also(65) cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching up to date.

第 51 题

A．about

B．of

C．to

D．on

点击查看答案

第4题

BOUND NEGLECT CONCERNED A. THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH WHOM THEY SHOU
LD BE PRIMARILY (62)___

B. THEY BECOME (63)______UP WITH THE TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS

C. TEND TO (64)______THE DESIRES OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND SOCIETY AT LARGE IT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT WHERE SCHOOLS BECOME BUREAUCRATIZED, (65)______, AND MAY CONCENTRATE ON CONCERN WITH POSITION AND SELF-ADVANCEMENT. IN SO DOING, THEY MAY NEGLECT THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY WERE SET UP. THUS, THEY DO NOT FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE WHO ARE PART OF THE SCHOOL COMMUNITY, AND (66)______. IT IS BECAUSE OF SUCH CRITICISMS THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASING INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL RHETORIC AND LEGISLATION OF FREE-MARKET THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION AND SOCIETY. SUCH THEORIES SUGGEST THAT A MUCH MORE MARKET-ORIENTED, COMPETITIVE APPROACH IS REQUIRED SO THAT SCHOOLS REORIENT THEMSELVES TOWARDS THEIR "CLIENTS" . BY SO DOING, IT IS CLAIMED, NOT ONLY DO (67)______, BUT SUCH AN APPROACH ALSO UNLEASHES THE BENEFITS OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, AND REWAR

D.

点击查看答案

第5题

Unpopular Subjects？Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects i

Unpopular Subjects？

Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities？ Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald of Fitzgerald Contraction Fame argued in a well-written letter to Nature that “universities must be allowed to study useless subjects – if(1)don't, who will？” he went on to use the example of Maxwell’s electrodynamics (电动力学) as one case where a“useless subject” has been transformed (转换) to a (2) subject.

Nowadays this argument is again very active in many (3)Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be fought anew (重新) by each generation．But now there is an(4) twist (歪曲,扭曲)- subjects must not only be useful, they (5)also be popular enough that students will flock (蜂拥) to do them, and even flock to (6)to do them.

As universities become commercial operations, the pressure to eliminate (去除) subjects or departments that are less popular will become (7)Perhaps this is more acutely(尖锐地) felt at the moment by physics．There has been much discussion in the press of universities that are (8) physics departments and incorporate (使合并) them with mathematics or engineering departments.

Many scientists think otherwise．They see physics as a (9) science, which must be kept alive if only to provide a (10)for other sciences and engineering．It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is (11) in many universities．How can it be preserved (保留,保存) in the rush towards commercial (12)？ A major turnaround (转变) in student popularity (讨人喜欢,流行) may have to wait (13)the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well.

Physics is now not only unpopular； it is also “hard”．We can do more about the lattery (14)teaching in our schools and universities．We can also develop cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists(15)their research and teaching up to date.

第 51 题

A．we

B．they

C．people

D．it

点击查看答案

第6题

【T8】A.BOUND B.NEGLECT C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH

【T8】

A.BOUND

B.NEGLECT

C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH WHOM THEY SHOULD BE PRIMARILY【T7】______

B.THEY BECOME【T8】______UP WITH THE TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATION OFTHE MANAGERIAL PROCESS

C.TEND TO【T9】______THE DESIRES OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND SOCIETY AT LARGEIT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT WHERE SCHOOLS BECOME BUREAUCRATIZED,【T10】______,AND MAY CONCENTRATE ON CONCERN WITH POSITION AND SELF-ADVANCEMENT.IN SO DOING, THEY MAY NEGLECT THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY WERE SET UP. THUS, THEY DO NOT FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE WHO ARE PART OF THE SCHOOL COMMUNITY, AND【T11】______. IT IS BECAUSE OF SUCH CRITICISMS THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASING INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL RHETORIC AND LEGISLATION OF FREE-MARKET THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION AND SOCIETY. SUCH THEORIES SUGGEST THAT A MUCH MORE MARKET-ORIENTED, COMPETITIVE APPROACH IS REQUIRED SO THAT SCHOOLS REORIENT THEMSELVES TOWARDS THEIR "CLIENTS".BY SO DOING, IT IS CLAIMED, NOT ONLY DO【T12】_______, BUT SUCH AN APPROACH ALSO UNLEASHES THE BENEFITS OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, AND REWAR

D.

点击查看答案

第7题

【T12】A.BOUND B.NEGLECT C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WIT

【T12】

A.BOUND

B.NEGLECT

C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH WHOM THEY SHOULD BE PRIMARILY【T7】______

B.THEY BECOME【T8】______UP WITH THE TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATION OFTHE MANAGERIAL PROCESS

C.TEND TO【T9】______THE DESIRES OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND SOCIETY AT LARGEIT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT WHERE SCHOOLS BECOME BUREAUCRATIZED,【T10】______,AND MAY CONCENTRATE ON CONCERN WITH POSITION AND SELF-ADVANCEMENT.IN SO DOING, THEY MAY NEGLECT THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY WERE SET UP. THUS, THEY DO NOT FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE WHO ARE PART OF THE SCHOOL COMMUNITY, AND【T11】______. IT IS BECAUSE OF SUCH CRITICISMS THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASING INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL RHETORIC AND LEGISLATION OF FREE-MARKET THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION AND SOCIETY. SUCH THEORIES SUGGEST THAT A MUCH MORE MARKET-ORIENTED, COMPETITIVE APPROACH IS REQUIRED SO THAT SCHOOLS REORIENT THEMSELVES TOWARDS THEIR "CLIENTS".BY SO DOING, IT IS CLAIMED, NOT ONLY DO【T12】_______, BUT SUCH AN APPROACH ALSO UNLEASHES THE BENEFITS OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, AND REWAR

D.

点击查看答案

第8题

Jill Ker Conway, president of Smith, echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology
when she says that " anyone in today's world who doesn't understand data processing is not educated. "But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she: " The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education, which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has really removed from this culture something that was very profound in its 18th and 19th century roots, which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a democratic republic. "

In contrast to Plato's claim for the social value of education, a quite different idea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Overjoyed with their rediscovery of the classical learning that was thought to have disappeared during the Dark Ages, they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justification—religious, social, economic, or political. Its purpose, to the extent that it has one, is to pass on from generation to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutes civilization. " What could man acquire, by virtuous striving, that is more valuable than knowledge？" asked Erasmus, perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16th century. That idea has acquired a tradition of its own. "The educational process has no end beyond itself, " said John Dewey. "It is its own end. "

But what exactly is the corpus of knowledge to be passed on？ In simpler times, it was all included in the medieval universities' Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music ) and Trivium(grammar, rhetoric, logic). As recently as the last century, when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorizeand recite various Latin texts, and crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveries or modern European languages. "They felt, " said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. , the Union Pacific Railroad president who devoted his later years to writing history, "that a classical education was the important distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had not been to college, and that anything that diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy. "

The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education

A．wholeheartedly.

B．with reservation.

C．against her own will.

D．with contempt.

点击查看答案

第9题

【T7】A.BOUND B.NEGLECT C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH

【T7】

A.BOUND

B.NEGLECT

C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH WHOM THEY SHOULD BE PRIMARILY【T7】______

B.THEY BECOME【T8】______UP WITH THE TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATION OFTHE MANAGERIAL PROCESS

C.TEND TO【T9】______THE DESIRES OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND SOCIETY AT LARGEIT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT WHERE SCHOOLS BECOME BUREAUCRATIZED,【T10】______,AND MAY CONCENTRATE ON CONCERN WITH POSITION AND SELF-ADVANCEMENT.IN SO DOING, THEY MAY NEGLECT THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY WERE SET UP. THUS, THEY DO NOT FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE WHO ARE PART OF THE SCHOOL COMMUNITY, AND【T11】______. IT IS BECAUSE OF SUCH CRITICISMS THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASING INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL RHETORIC AND LEGISLATION OF FREE-MARKET THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION AND SOCIETY. SUCH THEORIES SUGGEST THAT A MUCH MORE MARKET-ORIENTED, COMPETITIVE APPROACH IS REQUIRED SO THAT SCHOOLS REORIENT THEMSELVES TOWARDS THEIR "CLIENTS".BY SO DOING, IT IS CLAIMED, NOT ONLY DO【T12】_______, BUT SUCH AN APPROACH ALSO UNLEASHES THE BENEFITS OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, AND REWAR

D.

点击查看答案

第10题

【T10】A.BOUND B.NEGLECT C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WIT

【T10】

A.BOUND

B.NEGLECT

C.CONCERNED A.THEY ONCE AGAIN ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THOSE WITH WHOM THEY SHOULD BE PRIMARILY【T7】______

B.THEY BECOME【T8】______UP WITH THE TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATION OFTHE MANAGERIAL PROCESS

C.TEND TO【T9】______THE DESIRES OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND SOCIETY AT LARGEIT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT WHERE SCHOOLS BECOME BUREAUCRATIZED,【T10】______,AND MAY CONCENTRATE ON CONCERN WITH POSITION AND SELF-ADVANCEMENT.IN SO DOING, THEY MAY NEGLECT THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY WERE SET UP. THUS, THEY DO NOT FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE WHO ARE PART OF THE SCHOOL COMMUNITY, AND【T11】______. IT IS BECAUSE OF SUCH CRITICISMS THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASING INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL RHETORIC AND LEGISLATION OF FREE-MARKET THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION AND SOCIETY. SUCH THEORIES SUGGEST THAT A MUCH MORE MARKET-ORIENTED, COMPETITIVE APPROACH IS REQUIRED SO THAT SCHOOLS REORIENT THEMSELVES TOWARDS THEIR "CLIENTS".BY SO DOING, IT IS CLAIMED, NOT ONLY DO【T12】_______, BUT SUCH AN APPROACH ALSO UNLEASHES THE BENEFITS OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, AND REWAR

D.

点击查看答案
考试指南 全部 >
期货从业资格考试几点开始基金从业资格证书过期了怎么办银行从业资格证24年的考试时间期货从业资格证好找工作吗先考证券从业资格证还是基金从业资格证银行从业资格证复习多久期货从业资格考试成都考点期货和基金从业资格证哪个简单银行从业2024上半年报名时间已确定2024基金从业资格证考试时间一年几次
违法和不良信息举报 在线客服
    搜题
    下载APP
    关注公众号
    TOP
    重置密码
    账号：
    旧密码：
    新密码：
    确认密码：
    确认修改
    购买搜题卡查看答案 购买前请仔细阅读《购买须知》
    请选择支付方式
    • 微信支付
    • 支付宝支付
    点击支付即表示同意并接受了《服务协议》和《购买须知》
    立即支付 系统将自动为您注册账号
    已付款，但不能查看答案，请点这里登录即可>>>
    联系客服
    找回账号密码
    请使用微信扫码支付(元)

    订单号：

    遇到问题请联系在线客服

    请不要关闭本页面，支付完成后请点击【支付完成】按钮
    遇到问题请联系在线客服
    恭喜您，购买搜题卡成功 系统为您生成的账号密码如下：
    重要提示：请勿将账号共享给其他人使用，违者账号将被封禁。
    发送账号到微信 保存账号查看答案
    怕账号密码记不住？建议关注微信公众号绑定微信，开通微信扫码登录功能
    请用微信扫码测试
    尊敬的用户，您尚未绑定微信号
    扫码关注微信公众号，开通微信扫码登录功能
    您可能还需要：
    重置密码 查看订单 联系客服
    优题宝