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[主观题]

A team of researchers has found that immunizing patients with bee venom instead of with th

e bees' crushed bodies can better prevent serious and sometimes fatal sting reactions in the more than one million Americans who are hypersensitive to bee stings. The crushed-body treatment has been standard for fifty years, but a report released recently said that it was ineffective. The serum made from the crushed bodies of bees produced more adverse reactions than the injections of the venom did.

The research compared results of the crushed-body treatment with results of immunotherapy that used insect venom and also with results of a placebo. After six to ten weeks of immunization, allergic reactions to stings occurred in seven of twelve patients treated with the placebo, seven of twelve treated with crushed body extract, and one of eighteen treated with the venom.

The word "fatal" in paragraph 1, sentence 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A．harmful

B．lethal

C．painful

D．disease-causing

答案

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发布时间：2020-09-05

更多“A team of researchers has found that immunizing patients with bee venom instead of with th”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：You see, Mr Simpson, team spirit is very essential in our company. What we need i

s a man who gets on well with other people. And you can't get on well with people if you don't like them. We just want you to know what we are looking for, so you can decide whether this is a job you really want.

&8226;You will hear five short recordings.

&8226;For each recording, decide who the speaker is.

&8226;Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.

&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.

&8226;You will hear the five recordings twice.

A sales representative

B travel agent

C product designer

D secretary

E market researcher

F receptionist

G public relations officer

H personnel officer

点击查看答案

第2题

If you start each day desperately wishing for an extra hour in bed, the following is likel

y to leave you feeling even more bad-tempered. Scientists have identified a "sleepless elite" — small group of people for whom a lie-in is a waste of time. Rather than being tired, bad-tempered under-achievers, they are an energetic, outgoing and optimistic group who can happily and healthily get by on just four or five shut-eye a night. If that were not irritating enough, they tend to be slim, able to hold down two jobs at the same time, and breeze through their extra-long days without needing caffeine pick-me-ups(咖啡因提神物)or cat naps. Working out how the gene cuts sleep without any obvious impact on health could help in the design of drugs us all a few extra hours in our day. The bad news is that while many of us get by on a few hours sleep a night, just one to three people in 100 qualify to be part of the sleepless elite. The research team is now appealing for members of the lucky group to come forward to allow their DNA to be studied. University of California researcher Ying-Hui Fu said: " My long term goal is to someday learn enough so we can manipulate the sleep pathways without damaging our health. Everybody can use more waking hours, even if you just watch movies. " Many of those who have already volunteered share fascinating characteristics. They are thinner than average, relentlessly upbeat(兴奋)and seem to have a high tolerance for physical pain and psychological set-backs. Researcher Dr. Christopher Jones told the Wall Street Journal: " Typically, at the end of a long-structured phone interview, they will admit they have been texting and surfing the Internet and doing cross-word puzzles at the same time, all on less than six hours of sleep. "

Which of the following could be the title of this passage？

A．The Sleepless Elite.

B．The Impact of Sleep on Health.

C．A New Research on Sleep.

D．Manipulation of Sleep Pathways.

点击查看答案

第3题

The most sparsely populated county in Wales is where you will find Britain's happiest plac

e, say researchers, as Powys tops the list of 273 districts, with Edinburgh apparently the most miserable place in Britain. Eight of the top 10 districts with the highest levels of well-being are in Scotland or the north of England. However, the research results suggested that the differences between areas were due to personal circumstances rather than physical location.

The study, by a team from the Universities of Sheffield and Manchester, used data from the. British Household Panel Survey, which questioned a representative sample from 5 000 households about their sense of well-being. The researchers were able to draw up a map of happiness down to district level across England, Scotland and Wales. Although the sample for each district was small, the team believes the findings are of interest from an academic point of view.

Two former coal-mining communities in Wales were found to be less happy than the rest of the UK. But when factors such as employment, health and educational qualifications were taken into account, there were only very small differences between areas. The team found that the area of Brecknock, Montgomery and Radnor in Powys was the happiest place. Manchester came second, followed by West Lothian. Macclesfield, Nottingham and Falkirk were all in the top 10. The London borough of Sutton was one of the few places in the south of England to do well. Edinburgh was bottom of the list and Swansea and Doncaster also did poorly.

Researcher Dr Dimitris Ballas, a senior lecturer in Geography from the University of Sheffield, said factors such as social cohesion seemed to be more important than location. "One of the advantages of ourmethod is that it takes into account both people and places. For instance, with unemployment we can say that people who are unemployed are on average happier in an area of high unemployment compared to being unemployed in an area where everyone else around you has a job."

Another important factor in determining happiness was the length of time that a person spent living in a place. Staying in an area for five years or longer was an important indicator of well being, said the scientists.

According to Dr Ballas, the state of interpersonal relationships was also seen as highly important, And this was more often the case in areas which were there was less inequality between people. "From what I've seen so far, my view is that if an area is more socially cohesive it, increases your chances of having good quality of interpersonal relationships and a good social network."

What's the drawback of the study carried out by the team from the Universities of Sheffield and Manchester？

A．The number of households surveyed is not very large.

B．The survey was not carried out by the research team.

C．There is no sample from the districts of Ireland.

D．The findings are interesting but not academically useful.

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第4题

Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it's best to s

leep on a problem. They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day.

Lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, "Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences. It's like knowing the difference between dogs and cats. even if it's hard to explain. "

The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols (象征) , reports New Scientist. They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept. They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night' s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day. They also found it easier to remember themes (主题) that the words had in common. But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake. Prof. John Groeger, of Surrey University's Sleep Research Centre, said, "People have been trying for years to fard out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative (有助恢复的) value. "

" We form. and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with it all. "

The phrase" to sleep on a problem" in Paragraph 1 most likely means to______.

A．pay full attention to a problem

B．wait until later for a decision

C．sleep to forget a problem

D．have difficulty sleeping

点击查看答案

第5题

Why Humans Walk on Two LegsA team of scientists that studied chimpanzees （黑猩猩) trained

Why Humans Walk on Two Legs

A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees (黑猩猩) trained to use treadmills(跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.

Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax (劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on ail fours.

The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion (移动) used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.

The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours.

"We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs -but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting," Sockol said. "What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours. The other used less energy walking upright." These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than their quadrupedal peers.

Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the geneticvariation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds.

Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era (中世纪) some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy.

"This isn't the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human？ And why do we alone walk on two legs？"

Michael Sockol and his team were interested in

A．where humans came from.

B．how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.

C．why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.

D．when our earliest ancestors began to live in forested areas.

点击查看答案

第6题

Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days

Stress Level Tied to Education Level

People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.

From this researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.

The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.

"Less advantaged people are less healthy on a dally basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health." lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. "The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged."

Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.

"If something happens every day, maybe it's not seen as a stressor." Grzywacz says. "Maybe it is just life."

stressor n. 紧张性刺激

devastating adj. 毁灭性的

follow-up n. (对病人的) 随访

Stress level is closely related to______.

A．family size

B．social status

C．body weight

D．work experience

点击查看答案

第7题

DScientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it ' s best t

Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it ' s best to sleep on aproblem. They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of infor-mation we receive each day.

Lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said , " Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences. It' s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it' s hard to explain. "

The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols(象征 ) , reports New Scientist. They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept. They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night' s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day. They also found it easier to remember themes(主题) that the words had in common. But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake.

Prof. John Groeger, of Surrey University ' s Sleep Research Centre, said, "People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative (有助恢复的 ) value. "

" We form. and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day , and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with it all. "

68. The phrase " to sleep on a problem" in Paragraph l most likely means to _________ .

[A]pay full attention to a problem

[B] wait until later for a decision

[C] sleep to forget a problem

[D] have difficulty sleeping

点击查看答案

第8题

The Key to SuccessA five-year study of 120 of the nation's top artists, athletes and schol

The Key to Success

A five-year study of 120 of the nation's top artists, athletes and scholars has concluded that drive and determination, not great natural talent, led to their extraordinary success.

"We expected to find tales of great natural gifts," said University of Chicago education professor Benjamin Bloom, who led the team of researchers who studies the careers of America's top performers, "We didn't find that at all. Their mothers often said it was their other child who had the greater gifts."

The most brilliant mathematicians often said they had trouble in school and were rarely the best in their classes. Some world-class tennis players said their coaches viewed them as being too short ever to be outstanding, and the Olympic swimmers said they remembered getting regularly "clobbered"(打垮) in races as 10-year olds.

Anonymous Interviews

The foundation-supported research team conducted in-depth, anonymous interviews with the top 20 performers in the some fields, as judged by national championships or similar honors.

They also interviewed their families and teachers, hoping to learn how these individuals developed into extraordinary performers.

Instead, the researcher heard accounts of an extraordinary drive and dedication through which, for example, a typical swimmer would tell of getting up at 5:30 every morning to swim two hours before school and then two hours after school to attain his or her goal of making the Olympic team.

Bloom, an eminent educational researcher, said his findings "remind me of the old joke about the young man walking down a New York street who stops to ask a little old lady, 'How do I get to Carnegie Hall？' and she looks up and says, 'Practice, young man. Practice.'"

Although practice and motivation seemed to explain their success, the top performers, regardless of their field, appeared to follow a similar course of development, the researchers found.

In practically every case, the parents played the key role, first by exposing their children at an early age to music, sports or learning. The vast majority of the parents were not themselves outstanding musicians, athletes or scholars. For example, few than half of the parents of the distinguished pianists had ever played any musical instrument.

Valued Competition

But the parents of the swimmer and tennis players did enjoy sports and valued competition, Bloom reported. The families of the pianists appreciated art and music, while the parents of the research scientists displayed a great love for learning.

The parents of scientists reported that their children showed both an unusual curiosity about how things work and an "independent nature" that allowed them to play or work alone for hours.

Although it is not uncommon for children to ask repeatedly "Why？", "What appears to make the parents of scientists unique is the nature of their children's questions," Bloom wrote, "They responded to the questions seriously, often encouraging even more questions."

"These parents placed great stress on achievement, on success and on doing one's best at all times. They were models of the 'work ethic', believing that work should come before play and that one should always work toward distant goals." Bloom said. The results of the research will be published this week in a book entitled Developing Talent in Young People.

The families said in the interviews that they wanted their children to have "normal" childhoods and that they had no inkling(略知) that the children would achieve unusual success.

Parents Encouraged Them

But once a child displayed an interest and enthusiasm in a particular area, these parents encouraged them at every step and were willing to spend countless hours shuttling them to and from piano, tennis or swimming lessons.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

点击查看答案

第9题

第三篇Why Humans Walk on Two Legs A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）tr

第三篇

Why Humans Walk on Two Legs

A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）trained to use treadmills (跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.

Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax （劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours.

The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion（移动) used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.

"We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting, Sockol said.” What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours. The other used less energy walking upright." These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than 'their quadrupedal peers.

Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds.

"This isn't the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human？ And why do we alone walk on two legs？"

41. Michael Sockol and his team were interested in

A. where humans came from.

B. how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.

C. when our earliest ancestors began to live in forested areas

D. why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.

点击查看答案

第10题

Stress Level Tied to Education Level People with less education suffer fewer stressful day

Stress Level Tied to Education Level

People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.

From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how

well you will cope with them.

"Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward tums in their health." lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz,of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. "The downward tums in health were connected with daily stressors. and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged."

Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.

"If something happens every day, maybe it's not seen as a stressor" Grzywacz says. "Maybe it is just life."

stressor n.紧张刺激物

devastating adj.毁灭性的

follow-up n. (对病人的)随访

Stress level is closely related to ______.

A．family size

B．social status

C．body weight

D．work experience

点击查看答案

第11题

根据下列材料请回答 41～45 题：Why Humans Walk on Two LegsA team of scientists that studied c

根据下列材料请回答 41～45 题：

Why Humans Walk on Two Legs

A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees (黑猩猩) trained to use treadmills (跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.

Michael sockol , researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax (劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours.

"We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting, Sockol said. "what we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours The other used less energy walking upright。" These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than 'their quadrupedal peers.

Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds.

Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era (中世纪) some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches~ That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy.

"This isn't the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human？ And why do we alone walk on two legs？"

第 41 题 Michael Sockol and his team were interested in

A． where humans came from.

B． how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.

C． when our earliest ancestors began to live in forested areas

D． why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.

点击查看答案