5：Florence first started her formal career abroad.

What did the woman think at first？

A．There was something wrong.

B．There had been a movie star.

C．There had been an accident.

D．They were making a film.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is true？

A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.

B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.

C．Dress-down Friday was first given as a favor from employers.

D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

根据下面材料，回答题。

Florence Nightingale

In 1837， to the age of seventeen， Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse，___51____ horrified her dear mother. In ___52____ days， nurses were little more than doormen， and hospitals were places of dirtiness and ___53____. Nightingale pressed on and in 1853 she became president ___54____ a small London hospital. She went on to the Crimea when war ___55____ there between Britain and Russia. She ___56____ the first of what we now know ___57 ____war hospitals: sanitary，safe， and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations （照料） to the ___58 ____soldiers made her famous all ___59 ____the world. Following the War， Nightingale ___60____ fame and continued to train nurse， ever battling ___61____ what she herself declared "a commonly received idea..， that it requires nothing ___62____ a disappointment in love， or incapacity in other things， to turn a woman ___63____ a good nurse." Since 1921， her birthday ___64____ the centerpiece of National Hospital Week，___65____ in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions， workshops， and publicity drives.

___________ 查看材料

A.which

B.who

C.what

D.that

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.

When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick

people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale was determined.

She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were wbrking too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.

Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes.

In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. War reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take Some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital.

She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.

At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived.

After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860,she started the Nightingale School for Nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine.

第 41 题 Florence Nightingale was born into a rich

A．Italian family.

B．Russian family.

C．English family.

D．German family.

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.

When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale was determined.

She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.

Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes.

In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. War reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital.

She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.

At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived.

After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for Nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine.

Florence Nightingale was born into a rich

A．Italian family.

B．Russian family.

C．English family.

D．German family.

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.

When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale was determined.

She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.

Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes.

In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. War reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital.

She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.

At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived.

After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for Nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine.

Florence Nightingale was born into a rich

A．Italian family.

B．Russian family.

C．English family.

D．German family.

Lifesaver Heroine—Florence Nightingale

"The ultimate destination of all nursing is the nursing of the sick in their own homes. I look to the abolition of all hospitals and Workhouse infirmaries. "

—Florence Nightingale

Early Years

Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after the city where she was born. Her parents, William Edward and Frances Nightingale were a wealthy couple, who had toured Europe/or two years on their honeymoon. During their travels their first daughter, Parthenope, was born in Naples (Parthenope being the Greek name for the ancient city), followed one year later by Florence. On returning to England the Nightingales divided their time between two homes.. In the summer months they lived at Lea Hurst in Derbyshire, moving to Embley in Hampshire for the winter. Lea Hurst is now a retirement home and Embley is now a school.

Call from God

Florence and Parthenope were taught at home by their Cambridge University educated father. Florence was an academic child, while her sister excelled at painting and needlework. Florence grew up to be a lively and attractive young woman, admired in the family's social circle and she was expected to make a good marriage, but Florence had other concerns. In 1837, whilst in the gardens at Embley, Florence had what she described as her "calling". Florence heard the voice of God calling her to do his work, but at this time she had no idea what that work would be.

The Years of Struggle and the Visit to Kaiserswerth

Florence developed an interest in the social questions of the day, made visits to the homes of the sick in the local villages and began to investigate hospitals and nursing. Her parents refused to allow her to become a nurse as in the mid-nineteenth century it was not considered a suitable profession for a well educated woman. While the family conflicts over Florence's future remained unresolved, it was decided that Florence would tour Europe with some family friends, Charles and Selina Bracebridge. The three traveled to Italy, Egypt and Greece, returning in July 1850 through Germany where they visited Pastor Theodor Fliedner's hospital and school for deaconesses (女执事，牧师的女助手) at Kaiserswerth, near Dusseldorf. The following year Florence Nightingale returned to Kaiserswerth and undertook three months nursing training, which enabled her to take a vacancy as Superintendent of the Establishment for Gentlewomen during illness at No.1 Harley Street, London in 1853.

The Crimean War

In March 1854 Britain, France and Turkey declared war on Russia. The allies defeated the Russians at the battle of the Alma in September but reports in The Times criticized the British medical facilities for the wounded. In response, Sidney Herbert, the Minister at War, who knew Florence Nightingale socially and through her work at Harley Street, appointed her to oversee the introduction of female nurses into the military hospitals in Turkey. On 4 November 1854, Florence Nightingale arrived at the Barrack Hospital in Scutari, a suburb on the Asian side of Constantinople (君士坦丁堡), with the party of 38 nurses. Initially the doctors did not want the nurses there and did not ask for their help, but within ten days fresh casualties arrived from the battle of Inkerman and the nurses were fully stretched.

The "Lady-in-Chief", as Florence was called, wrote home on behalf of the soldiers. She acted as a banker, sending the men's wages home to their families, and introduced reading rooms to the hospital. In return she gained the undying respect of the British soldiers. The introduction of female nurses to the military hospitals was an outstanding success, and to show the nation's gratitude for Florence Nightin gale's hard work a public subscription (募捐) was organized in November 1855. The money collected was to enab

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Small talk with strangers (陌生人)is all interesting part (部分) of life in the United States. People often have short conversations (交谈) with people they don't know — for example. when sitting on the bus. waiting in line. or walking down the street. In fact. if you and the other person are the only people around. all talking Io someone can be impolite (无礼). Generally speaking. these conversations have three parts. greetings. small talk and leave-taking (告辞). In the first part. people say "Hi" or "Hello" and tell each other their names; in the second part people talk about everyday (日常的) topics such as the weather or sports; in tile last one. they say that they are happy to nicer each other and say goodbye.

Talking with strangers is ______ in the United States.

A．interesting

B．impolite

C．important

With our society progressing smoothly toward the twenty-lust century,

it seems that the stable structure of family is also changing. For most of the

people nowadays, divorce is not big news. The increased trend in divorce will 【M1】______

surprise only the most conservative elements in society. This statistics seem

to be an accurate reflection of several key change in American society. The 【M2】______

first one is the change of law governed divorce. The legal changes have 【M3】______

removed barriers on divorce. While people were prevented to do so because 【M4】______

of complicated process, they could now do it with too much efforts. 【M5】______

Secondly, society's attitude toward the divorcing members has changed 【M6】______

as well. In the past, couples are discouraged to get divorced due in part to the 【M7】______

perceived pressure from the public. In this modern society which people are 【M8】______

more inclined to tolerate such practice, it seems that divorce is not unacceptable

any more.

The data indicate an increase in the divorce rate began in the 1960s and 【M9】______

continuing to present. 【M10】_____

【M1】

"I'm more of a creature to polish my mind than polish my furniture. The house takes second place while I put the studying first".

"I was very happy at school and had wonderful teaching. I passed the university entrance examination and was ready to go to university but with WWI I went into banking. I was paid 1 pound a week. Manchester University kept my place open for three years but I was enjoying the money and freedom. So I turned it down."

Mrs. Stephen is now in the second year of her Open University course and is finding it hard work. She underestimates her ability. "I'm feeling tired more frequently..I can't do more than an hour' s work at a time. The memory' s shocking. I' m supposed to be revising and I look up notes ! did earlier this year and think, ' Have you mad this before？' so I' m doing it very slowly—one credit a year, so it' 11 take six years."

"At the moment the greatest reward is simply the increase in knowledge'--and the discipline. I had an essay failed this week. The professor said I hadn't answered the question. I've been thinking about all week. I know I haven' t got the facility for essay construction. I just let myself to get excited. I feel more emotionally than I do mentally. I'm very ordinary really."

While claiming to be ordinary and lazy, Mrs. Stephen is still working hard daily at her assignments. Mrs. Stephen sees her studies as keeping her fit and independent. "Because of my life I' ve been self-sufficient. It' s not a very nice characteristic. It means I don' t care enough about people. I cannot say I find comfort in what I'm learning, so I'U be interested to see if there's a life ahead."

When Florence said "I' m more of a creature to polish my mind than polish my furniture", she meant that______.

A．she was tired of learning

B．she was thirsty for knowledge

C．she was more suitable for doing housework

D．she did not have enough time to keep the house clean