CompArisons WErE DrAwn BEtwEEn thE DEvElopmEnt oF tElEvision in thE 20th CEntury AnD thE DiFFusion oFprinting in thE 15th AnD 16th CEnturiEs. yEt muCh hAD hAppEnED {{u}} (67) {{/u}} .As WAs DisCussEDBEForE, it WAS not {{u}} (68) {{/u}} thE 19th CEntury thAt thE nEwspApEr BECAmE thE DominAnt prE-EIECtroniC {{u}} (69) {{/u}}, Following in thE WAkE oF thE pAmphlEt AnD thE Book AnD in thE {{u}} (70){{/u}} oF thE pErioDiCAI. it WAS During thE SAmE timE thAt thE CommuniCAtions rEvolution {{u}} (71){{/u}} up, BEginning with trAnsport, thE rAilwAy, AnD IEADing {{U}} (72) {{/u}} through thE tElEgrAph,thE tEIEphonE, rADio, AnD motion piCturEs {{u}} (73) {{/u}} thE 20th-CEntury worlD oF thE motor CAr AnDthE AirplAnE. not EvEryonE sEEs thAt proCEss in {{u}} (74) {{/u}}. it is importAnt to Do so.it is gEnErAlly rECognizED, {{u}} (75) {{/u}}, thAt thE introDuCtion oF thE ComputEr in thE EArly 20thCEntury, {{u}} (76) {{/u}} By thE invEntion oF thE intEgrAtED CirCuit During thE 1960s, rADiCAlly ChAngEDthE proCEss, {{u} (77) {{/u}}its impACt on thE mEDiA WAS not immEDiAtEly {{u}} (78) {{/u}}.As timEwEnt By, ComputErs BECAmE smAllEr AnD morE powErFul, AnD thEy BECAmE "pErsonAl" too, As wEll As .{{u}} (79) {{/u}}, with DisplAy BEComing shArpEr AnD storAgE {{u}} (80) {{/u}} inCrEAsing. thEy WErEthought oF, likE pEopIE, in{{u}} (81) {{/u}} oF gEnErAtions, with thE DistAnCE BEtwEEn gEnErAtions muCh{{u}} (82) {{/u}}.it WAS within thE ComputEr AgE thAt thE tErm "inFormAtion soCiEty" BEgAn to BE wiDEly usED to DEsCriBEthE {{u}} (83) {{/u}} within whiCh WE now livE. thE CommuniCAtions rEvolution hAs {{u}} (84) {{/u}}Both work AnD lEisurE AnD how WE think AnD FEEI Both ABout pIACE AnD timE, But thErE hAvE BEEn {{u}}(85) {{/u}} viEws ABout its EConomiC, politiCAl, soCiAl AnD CulturAl impliCAtions. "BEnEFits" hAvE BEEnwEighED {{u}} (86) {{/u}} "hArmFul" outComEs.AnD gEnErAlizAtions hAvE provED DiFFiCult.

第1题

According to the passage, why are the studies that conclude that dolphin intelligence is "

somewhere between that of a dog and a chimpanzee" not correct？

A．The human method of drawing comparisons is not relevant to animal intelligence.

B．Dolphins have actually been shown to be much more intelligent than chimpanzees.

C．The studies were not conducted according to standard research methods.

D．Dolphins do not typically demonstrate conditioned responses for humans to observe.

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第2题

The primary purpose of the second paragraph is which of the following？A．To show that Augus

The primary purpose of the second paragraph is which of the following？

A．To show that Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens are examples of cultural, economic, and military expansion against which all subsequent cases must be measured.

B．To suggest that cultural, economic, and military advances have tended to be closely interrelated in different societies.

C．To argue that, while the revivals of Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens were similar, they are unrelated to other historical examples.

D．To indicate that, wherever possible, historians should seek to make comparisons with the earliest chronological examples of revival.

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第3题

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the d

iffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened【C1】______. As was discussed before,it was not【C2】______the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic【C3】______, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the【C4】______of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution【C5】______up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading【C6】______through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures【C7】______the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone see that process in【C8】______. It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized,【C9】______that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,【C10】______ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process,【C11】______its impact on the media was not immediately【C12】______. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 【C13】______, with display becoming sharper and storage【C14】______increasing. They were thought of, like people【C15】______generations, with the distance between generations much 【C16】______.

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the【C17】______within which we now live. The communications revolution has【C18】______both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been【C19】______view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed【C20】______ "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

【C1】

A．between

B．before

C．since

D．later

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第4题

Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should be subjecte

d to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe in this. But there are also arguments against such a strong【M1】______ conclusion. This has been argued that an infant under three who is【M2】______ cared for outside the home may suffer because the separation from【M3】______ his parents. Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensible "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a【M4】______ childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Anthropologists point that the secluded love affair between children【M5】______ and parents found in modern societies that does not usually exist in【M6】______ traditional societies. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care had delaying effects. The possibility that such care【M7】______ might lead with, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later【M8】______ can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind has not yet been carried out, and even if they were, results【M9】______ would be certain to be complicated and controversial Common sense also tells that day care would not be so widespread today that【M10】______ parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

【M1】

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第5题

An aunt of mine has often said, "Youth is wasted on the young. "This statement has aroused

my interest for years. People usually smile when she says it, and I have always smiled, too. But I think I' m just now beginning to understand the meaning of the saying. Quite recently I thought how close in meaning it is to a statement Thornton Wolder made in his play Our Town. Toward the end of the play, Emily, one of the main characters in the play, says, "I didn't realize. So all that was going on and we never noticed!... Do any human beings ever realize while they live it -- every ,every minute？" Older people, looking back, can appreciate youth, its real meaning and importance, but young people, while they are in the middle of their youth, never fully realize what they have. An older person recognizes his increasing age by making comparisons to his youth. "I'm not as young as I was. Better slow down. "he says to himself. The importance of youth, the energy and excitement of it, is realized only after it is gone. Thus, it seems to me my aunt is right. Youth is wasted on the young. Babies should be old and gray-haired when they' re born. Only after many years should they be permitted to enjoy their youth.

By saying "The youth is wasted on the youth" , the writer means that ______.

A．most older people regret not being young now

B．people didn't do anything important when they were young

C．when the importance of youth is realized, everything is gone

D．young people seem to know little about the value of the youth

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第6题

In the 16th and 17th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education

.Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought .He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius.61) He recommended thatinstruction start with the general and then move to the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses. He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach; and thatparents have a role to play in the schooling of their children. The contributions of one of our many ancestors often are overlooked, yet Juan Luis Vives wrote very much as a contemporary educational psychologist might in the first part of the 16th centu_ ry. 62) He stated to teachers and others with educational responsibilities, such as those in govem- ment and commerce, that there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned, and in this way he anticipated Herbart and the 19th-century psychologists. He noted that what is to be learned must be practiced, and in this way he anticipated Thomdike's Law of Exercise. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, anticipating Dewey. 63) He wrote about individual differences and about the need to adjust instruction for all students, and anticipated the work of educational and school psychologists in the area of special education. He discussed the schools's role in moral growth, anticipating the work of Dewey, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan. He wrote about learning being dependent on self-activity, a precursor to contemporary research on meta-cognition, where the ways in which the self monitors its own activties are studied. Finally, 64)Vives anticipated both the contemporary motivational theorists who avoid social comparisons and those researchers who find the harmful elements of norm-referenced testing to outweigh their advantages, by writing about the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments and not in comparison with other students. 65) Thus, long before we claimed our professional identity, there were individuals thinking intelligently about what we would eventually call educational psychology, preparing the way for the scientific study of education.

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第7题

Making comparisons 进行比较

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第8题

？Look at the statements below and the following comments by MP3 retailers.？Which section （

？Look at the statements below and the following comments by MP3 retailers.

？Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement (1-7) refer to？

？For each statement (1-7) , mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

？You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

A

Market awareness of the MP3 has exploded and the retailer who specializes in MP3 is seeing growth like never before. Admittedly, some customers buy their first MP3 in the supermarket, but for advice, add-ons and particular services they turn to the specialist. There are a large number of MP3 retailers and I can't help but feel the market only has room for four players. Undoubtedly, customer service is the factor that differentiates operators and I think this year we will probably see rationalization in the sector.

B

When I first started in the industry, MP3 were retailing at a thousand pounds and were as large as box files. Now, prices are constantly being driven down, because they are getting more compact and also there is intense competition between the MP3 providers. This will continue, and while retail dealers' profits will be affected dramatically, MP3 providers will have to generate more revenues by offering more services to the MP3 user.

C

Over a few years, prices have dropped sharply and technological advances have meant products have changed -- and are changing. Successful retailers must try to keep on top of these developments and invest in the training of employees so they are able to offer impartial advice to customers. E-commerce is taking off but this won't necessarily replace traditional retail outlets. In order to stand out, you need innovative ideas on customer service. We don't believe in criticizing other retailers, but there's nothing particularly exciting out there at present.

D

The MP3 business is behaving like the Internet industry in take-up and the pace of innovation, and it's important not to be left behind. We must continue to innovate in delivering the product to the customer. In terms of service provision, you can draw comparisons between us and our closest rival, but clearly all the main MP3 retailers have succeeded in taking the industry forward. Growth has accelerated rapidly and the MP3 has changed from simply being an entertaining tool, to being a multifunctional gadget for everyone.

There is a need for retail staff to stay informed about the MP3 they are selling.

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第9题

无DRA单板的APR保护组其检测单板是OPA。（)

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第10题

In their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of______.

A．exposing a long-held folk wisdom

B．clarifying the predictions on dreams

C．making contrasts and comparisons

D．correlating effects with their causes

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第11题

It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer

because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.

Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.

Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

According to Bowlby, children under the age of three ______.

A．should not be sent to school

B．should be cared for outside the home

C．will not suffer from parental separation

D．don't mind who will look after them

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