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The word "arbiters" (line 6, paragraph 4 ) most probably refers to those ______.
A．who work as coordinators
B．who function as judges
C．who supervise transactions
D．who determine the price
答案
更多“The word "arbiters" （line 6, paragraph 4 ) most probably refers to those ______.A．who wor”相关的问题
第1题
【T11】
A.SWITCHING TO
B.FLOURISH
C.MARKETPLACE A.WHICH COMPANIES WILL【T7】______
B.WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF【T8】______TRUCKS
C.WHO LOSES IN THE【T9】______ RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE GROUNDS THAT IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS【T10】______OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO,LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING【T11】______AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND【T12】______？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第2题
【T12】
A.SWITCHING TO
B.FLOURISH
C.MARKETPLACE A.WHICH COMPANIES WILL【T7】______
B.WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF【T8】______TRUCKS
C.WHO LOSES IN THE【T9】______ RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE GROUNDS THAT IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS【T10】______OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO,LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING【T11】______AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND【T12】______？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第3题
【T10】
A.SWITCHING TO
B.FLOURISH
C.MARKETPLACE A.WHICH COMPANIES WILL【T7】______
B.WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF【T8】______TRUCKS
C.WHO LOSES IN THE【T9】______ RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE GROUNDS THAT IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS【T10】______OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO,LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING【T11】______AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND【T12】______？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第4题
【T8】
A.SWITCHING TO
B.FLOURISH
C.MARKETPLACE A.WHICH COMPANIES WILL【T7】______
B.WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF【T8】______TRUCKS
C.WHO LOSES IN THE【T9】______ RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE GROUNDS THAT IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS【T10】______OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO,LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING【T11】______AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND【T12】______？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第5题
【T7】
A.SWITCHING TO
B.FLOURISH
C.MARKETPLACE A.WHICH COMPANIES WILL【T7】______
B.WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF【T8】______TRUCKS
C.WHO LOSES IN THE【T9】______ RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE GROUNDS THAT IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS【T10】______OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO,LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING【T11】______AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND【T12】______？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第6题
【T4】
A.ACCOUNTED FOR
B.FOR
C.GROUNDS A.RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE 【T1】______THAT
B.ANOTHER RAILROAD IS COMPETING【T2】______THE BUSINESS
C.THE TOP FOUR RAILROADS【T3】_______UNDER 70 PERCENT IN RECENT YEARS, RAILROADS HAVE BEEN COMBINING WITH EACH OTHER, MERGING INTO SUPER SYSTEMS, CAUSING HEIGHTENED CONCERNS ABOUT MONOPOLY.AS RECENTLY AS 1995,【T4】______OF THE TOTAL TON-MILES MOVED BY RAILS.NEXT YEAR, AFTER A SERIES OF MERGERS IS COMPLETED, JUST FOUR RAILROADS WILL CONTROL WELL OVER 90 PERCENT OF ALL THE FREIGHT MOVED BY MAJOR RAIL CARRIERS. SUPPORTERS OF THE NEW SUPER SYSTEMS ARGUE THAT THESE MERGERS WILL ALLOW FOR SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS AND BETTER COORDINATED SERVIC
E.ANY THREAT OF MONOPOLY, THEY ARGUE, IS REMOVED BY FIERCE COMPETITION FROM TRUCKS.BUT MANY SHIPPERS COMPLAIN THAT FOR HEAVY BULK COMMODITIES TRAVELING LONG DISTANCES, SUCH AS COAL, CHEMICALS, AND GRAIN, TRUCKING IS TOO COSTLY AND THE RAILROADS THEREFORE HAVE THEM BY THE THROAT. THE VAST CONSOLIDATION WITHIN THE RAIL INDUSTRY MEANS THAT MOST SHIPPERS ARE SERVED BY ONLY ONE RAIL COMPANY.RAILROADS TYPICALLY CHARGE SUCH "CAPTIVE" SHIPPERS 20 TO 30 PERCENTMORE THAN THEY DO WHEN【T5】______.SHIPPERS WHO FEEL THEY ARE BEING OVERCHARGED HAVETHE RIGHT TO APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT"S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD FOR RATE RELIEF, BUT THE PROCESS IS EXPENSIVE, TIME CONSUMING, AND WILL WORK ONLY IN TRULY EXTREME CASES. 【T6】______IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF SWITCHING TO TRUCKS OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO, LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES IN THE MARKETPLACE？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第7题
【T5】
A.ACCOUNTED FOR
B.FOR
C.GROUNDS A.RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE 【T1】______THAT
B.ANOTHER RAILROAD IS COMPETING【T2】______THE BUSINESS
C.THE TOP FOUR RAILROADS【T3】_______UNDER 70 PERCENT IN RECENT YEARS, RAILROADS HAVE BEEN COMBINING WITH EACH OTHER, MERGING INTO SUPER SYSTEMS, CAUSING HEIGHTENED CONCERNS ABOUT MONOPOLY.AS RECENTLY AS 1995,【T4】______OF THE TOTAL TON-MILES MOVED BY RAILS.NEXT YEAR, AFTER A SERIES OF MERGERS IS COMPLETED, JUST FOUR RAILROADS WILL CONTROL WELL OVER 90 PERCENT OF ALL THE FREIGHT MOVED BY MAJOR RAIL CARRIERS. SUPPORTERS OF THE NEW SUPER SYSTEMS ARGUE THAT THESE MERGERS WILL ALLOW FOR SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS AND BETTER COORDINATED SERVIC
E.ANY THREAT OF MONOPOLY, THEY ARGUE, IS REMOVED BY FIERCE COMPETITION FROM TRUCKS.BUT MANY SHIPPERS COMPLAIN THAT FOR HEAVY BULK COMMODITIES TRAVELING LONG DISTANCES, SUCH AS COAL, CHEMICALS, AND GRAIN, TRUCKING IS TOO COSTLY AND THE RAILROADS THEREFORE HAVE THEM BY THE THROAT. THE VAST CONSOLIDATION WITHIN THE RAIL INDUSTRY MEANS THAT MOST SHIPPERS ARE SERVED BY ONLY ONE RAIL COMPANY.RAILROADS TYPICALLY CHARGE SUCH "CAPTIVE" SHIPPERS 20 TO 30 PERCENTMORE THAN THEY DO WHEN【T5】______.SHIPPERS WHO FEEL THEY ARE BEING OVERCHARGED HAVETHE RIGHT TO APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT"S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD FOR RATE RELIEF, BUT THE PROCESS IS EXPENSIVE, TIME CONSUMING, AND WILL WORK ONLY IN TRULY EXTREME CASES. 【T6】______IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF SWITCHING TO TRUCKS OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO, LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES IN THE MARKETPLACE？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
第8题
【T2】
A.ACCOUNTED FOR
B.FOR
C.GROUNDS A.RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE 【T1】______THAT
B.ANOTHER RAILROAD IS COMPETING【T2】______THE BUSINESS
C.THE TOP FOUR RAILROADS【T3】_______UNDER 70 PERCENT IN RECENT YEARS, RAILROADS HAVE BEEN COMBINING WITH EACH OTHER, MERGING INTO SUPER SYSTEMS, CAUSING HEIGHTENED CONCERNS ABOUT MONOPOLY.AS RECENTLY AS 1995,【T4】______OF THE TOTAL TON-MILES MOVED BY RAILS.NEXT YEAR, AFTER A SERIES OF MERGERS IS COMPLETED, JUST FOUR RAILROADS WILL CONTROL WELL OVER 90 PERCENT OF ALL THE FREIGHT MOVED BY MAJOR RAIL CARRIERS. SUPPORTERS OF THE NEW SUPER SYSTEMS ARGUE THAT THESE MERGERS WILL ALLOW FOR SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS AND BETTER COORDINATED SERVIC
E.ANY THREAT OF MONOPOLY, THEY ARGUE, IS REMOVED BY FIERCE COMPETITION FROM TRUCKS.BUT MANY SHIPPERS COMPLAIN THAT FOR HEAVY BULK COMMODITIES TRAVELING LONG DISTANCES, SUCH AS COAL, CHEMICALS, AND GRAIN, TRUCKING IS TOO COSTLY AND THE RAILROADS THEREFORE HAVE THEM BY THE THROAT. THE VAST CONSOLIDATION WITHIN THE RAIL INDUSTRY MEANS THAT MOST SHIPPERS ARE SERVED BY ONLY ONE RAIL COMPANY.RAILROADS TYPICALLY CHARGE SUCH "CAPTIVE" SHIPPERS 20 TO 30 PERCENTMORE THAN THEY DO WHEN【T5】______.SHIPPERS WHO FEEL THEY ARE BEING OVERCHARGED HAVETHE RIGHT TO APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT"S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD FOR RATE RELIEF, BUT THE PROCESS IS EXPENSIVE, TIME CONSUMING, AND WILL WORK ONLY IN TRULY EXTREME CASES. 【T6】______IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE"S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF SWITCHING TO TRUCKS OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO, LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT"S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FAIL."DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES IN THE MARKETPLACE？" ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.
