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Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some

actions you undertake derive their basis from newly made decisions, there are other instances when decision-making does not really take place. The latter, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may involve routine, programmed, impulsive or intuitive action. When you wake up in the morning and prepare to attend class, do you consciously make decisions about such things as which side of your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to put on first？ Probably not. Although you may have made a conscious decision about what you were going to wear to class, you probably didn't spend any time in making a decision about how to get ready to at- tend class. Every individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from decisions made at an earlier time in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type of action.

Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had to make separate decisions for each action you take？ You use routine plans or action resources to make new decisions.

In addition to the habitual behaviors or routines you follow, you also have certain specific actions you undertake in a given situation. These are called programmed decisions. Programmed decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral. actions repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions. on the other hand, utilize your past experience in a similar situation For instance, you know you are going to have a test. Your method of studying for this test will ha done using your knowledge of a similar experience. The degree of success previously achieved will be a determinant in how. when, where, and the length of time you study for this test.

Programmed decisions, like routines are a resource in your management. When the action undertaken proves to be successful you repeat the same action the next time when a similar situation occurs. This successful achievement, measured by the satisfaction you received, determines when and the extent to which you modify the original decision before employing it again in other like situations.

Both routine and programmed decisions serve useful purposes. They act as resources by eliminating the need to make new decisions. They also evaluate managerial action. The success you achieve enables you to by- pass or minimize the use of the decision-making process.

People may spend time in making decisions about ______.

A．how to prepare to go to school

B．how to have the breakfast

C．what clothes to wear to class

D．which shoe to put on first

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发布时间：2020-09-12
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更多“Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some”相关的问题

第1题

We cannot explain all romantic decisions on the basis of chemical processes.A．YESB．NOC．NOT

We cannot explain all romantic decisions on the basis of chemical processes.

A．YES

B．NO

C．NOT GIVEN

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第2题

Regardless of the percentage of the business they own, all partners have authority to act
and to make______ decisions as owners of the business.

A．binding

B．responsible

C．reliable

D．dependable

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第3题

All career decisions require us to（）these two kinds of knowledge.

A.identify

B.integrate

C.crystallize

D.overlook

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第4题

听力原文：M: Do you follow his decisions all the time？W: Yes. When he announces a plan, all

听力原文：M: Do you follow his decisions all the time？

W: Yes. When he announces a plan, all of us fall into line.

Q: Who are they most probably talking about？

(18)

A．The woman's boss.

B．The woman's husband.

C．The woman's friend.

D．The woman's father.

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第5题

In a team．A．members work independently of each other．B．members make all the decisions toge

In a team．

A．members work independently of each other．

B．members make all the decisions together．

C．the team leader supewise the teamwork all the time．

D．members work cooperatively and communicate effectively．

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第6题

______ all the decisions have been made, we shall start putting them into practice.A．For n

______ all the decisions have been made, we shall start putting them into practice.

A．For now

B．Now that

C．Ever since

D．By now

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第7题

In order to conduct their function of leading properly and to influence employees to f

A.use a free-rein management styl

B. that allows subsidiary managers to make all decisions

C.only hire managers from the parent company's country

D.approve all actions and decisions taken by subsidiary managers

E.effectively communicate the goals that subsidiary managers should follow

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第8题

In a competitive market, price is determined by（).

A.the costs of producing the good in question

B.the supply of the good

C.the decisions of the buyers about how much they are willing to pay

D.the interaction of tastes and demand

E.all of the above

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第9题

The main feature of a neural-network computer is that ______.A．its processors net is an in

The main feature of a neural-network computer is that ______.

A．its processors net is an interconnected web of neurons

B．it is programmed to make decisions

C．its networks are of all shapes and sizes

D．its neurons are artificial

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第10题

听力原文：The voters don't always agree with Senator Bill Brown, but they really like the w
ay he stands on his own feet and makes his own decisions, regardless of pressures from all the lobbyists.

Which of the following statements is true？

A．The voters do not like Bill Brown.

B．The voters always disagree with Bill Brown.

C．Bill Brown often makes decisions according to his own interests.

D．Bill Brown is not influenced by the lobbyist when making decisions.

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第11题

Planning and PeopleIn all kinds of organizations－－companies, schools, hospitals, etc. －－de

Planning and People

In all kinds of organizations--companies, schools, hospitals, etc. --decisions appear correct in theory but do not work in practice. There are many reasons for this. To illustrate the problems involved we will consider four cases where different decisions have to be taken.

Case No. 1

The manager of a shipping company was interested in using large metal containers for the company's cargo instead of conventional methods of loading and unloading. He discovered that the use of containers was less expensive and quicker than conventional methods. More cargo could be sent at one time and delays on the way were shorter. The only major disadvantage (apart from the initial cost of the containers) was that not all ships could take them. However, the manager believed that his company could find enough ships for their containers. His plan to use containers was adopted by the board of directors. Unfortunately, however, it was never put into practice. The dockers heard about the plan and did not like it. The reason was that the containers would make about a quarter of the dockers redundant. The plan was killed.

The comparison of containers with conventional methods is shown in the following table.

Planning and PeopleIn all kinds of organizations－－

Case No. 2

A solar pump was built in a small desert village. The pump used the desert's most common resource-sunlight, to increase its greatest necessity-water. Solar collectors were used to collect the sun's rays. Flat collectors can be stationary and do not have moving parts which can be broken in sand storms. The system used the 20 degree centigrade temperature difference between the solar collectors and the ground water to work a gas expansion engine which pumped water from under the ground.

Some of the social effects of the new pumps were planned for. Children aged 6 to15 used to bring the water from wells, where they met the old men of the village and received informal education from them. In order to replace this, a school was also included in the project. But the project had not considered the traditional power structure of the village. As soon as the foreign experts left, the two richest men in the village took control of the pump and started selling water to everyone else. The result was that the majority of people were poorer than before.

Case No. 3

In 1946 there was a program in the Rio Grande valley to substitute hybrid corn for the native corn. The native corn was of poor nutritional quality and gave a poor quantity of grain while the hybrid corn was of excellent quality and gave about three times as large a crop as the native variety. In the first year half of the 84 farmers in the village planted hybrid corn and doubled the corn production. Three years later, however, only three farmers planted hybrid corn. The others were planting the traditional variety. At the beginning of the project the program leader studied the ecology of the area and showed films demonstrating the superiority of the new corn. The farmers agreed that the hybrid corn had great advantages. The size of the crop confirmed these advantages. Why did they stop planting it？ The answer was simple: their wives did not like it. They complained that it wasn't good for cooking and they didn't like the flavor.

Case No. 4

The manager of a large office building had received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He engaged a group of engineers to study the situation and make recommendations for improvement. The engineers suggested two alternative solutions:

1. adding more lifts of the same types;

2. replacing the existing lifts by faster ones.

The manager decided that both alternative solutions were too expensive. So the firm's psychologist offered to study the problem. He noticed that many people ar

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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