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Researchers stress that we need diet and exercise to drop pounds. "The most 【26】______ way

to lose weight is with a combination, "says Rend Wing, head of the National Weight Control Center. 【27】______ experts also admit that many 【28】______ losers find it helps to 【29】______ on one or the other. "A lot of people feel helpless at the thought of 【30】______ everything--diet, lifestyle," says Bess Marcus, professor of human behavior. at Brown University Medical School. "So ask yourself. ' 【31】______ do I want to start？ What am I willing to focus on？'"

The 【32】______ depends on everything from what you hope to 【33】______ to how your life is 【34】______ If you are in a big hurry to drop pounds 【35】______ , dieting is the way to go. Decades of 【36】______ have shown it's the surest and quickest method. If you are more 【37】______ with how you look than with numbers on the scale, though, 【38】______ may be the way to go. By increasing physical activity, you'll 【39】______ fat and build muscle tissue. 【40】______ often end up losing both fat and muscle tissue.

Your 【41】______ approach is one that suits your lifestyle. If you've tried and 【42】______ at one approach, consider the other. "A lot of people have become so disappointed that they begin to think they'll 【43】______ be able to lose weight," says Marcus. "That's when it's time to try something new. 【44】______ a small step forward can help people 【45】______ confidence and convince themselves they can make even bigger changes."

【26】

A．active

B．productive

C．comprehensive

D．effective

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发布时间：2020-10-25

更多“Researchers stress that we need diet and exercise to drop pounds. "The most 【26】______ way”相关的问题

第1题

根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。 High Stress May Damage Memory A ccording to a report i

根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。

High Stress May Damage Memory

A ccording to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistency high blood levels of cortisol(皮质醇)don’t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more．high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区)，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．

The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．

The study results” now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的)stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans。”write Nada Porter and Philip Land field．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺)，which sit on top of the kidneys(肾)．

Over a 5-to 6-year period，Dr．Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of whom were in their 70s．

The researchers tested the volunteers’memory on six people in the increasin9/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group．The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory，but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group．

The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14%lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group，although there were no differences in other brain regions．

The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的)and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging，”write Porter and Land field．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of{he hippocampus．”

第 41 题 Which of the following plays a key role in one’s learning and memory？

A．The kidneys．

B．The adrenal glands．

C．The stress hormone．

D．The hippocampus．

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第2题

High Stress May Damage Memory According to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people

High Stress May Damage Memory

According to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistently high b1ood levels of cortisol don’t score as well on memory tests as their peels with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more． high 1evels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking 0f the hippocampus，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．The 6ndings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．

The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans，”write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands，which sit on top of the kidneys．

Over a 5 to 6一year period，Dr． Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24一hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of Whom were in their 70s．

Despite wide variation in cortisol levels．the participants could be divided into three Subgroups：those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high（increasing／high）：those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate（increasing／moderate）；and subjects whose cortisol decreased，but Was currently moderate（decreasing／moderate）．

The researchers tested the volunteers’ memory on six people in the increasing／high category and five people in the decreasing／moderate group．The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory，but the increasing／high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing／moderate group．

The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing／high group was 14％ lower than those in the decreasing／moderate group，although there were no differences in 0ther brain regions．

The results suggest that brain aging Can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging．”write Porter and Landfield．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus．”

第 26 题 The part of the brain important for a person’s learning and memory is．

A．the cortisol．

B．the adrenal glands．

C．the stress hormones

D．the hippocampus．

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第3题

Researchers have found that patients' stress levels decrease when they A.recover from

Researchers have found that patients' stress levels decrease when they

A.recover from disease quickiy

B.there is not minds actively

C.use their minds actively

D.it improves general well-being

E.listen to musical performances

F.it brings many other benefits

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第4题

Researchers have found that patients‘ stress levels decrease when they __________.

查看材料

A.recover from disease quickly

B.there is not enough hard evidence

C.use their minds actively

D.it improves general well-being

E.listen to musical performances

F.it brings many other benefits

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第5题

听力原文：Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the com

听力原文： Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.

Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners — while they performed 5 minutes of mental calculation or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.

A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall — mostly with their dogs — and found it worth doing.

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. What does the passage mainly discuss？

27. When does a person with heart disease have a better chance of getting well？

28. According to Allen, why did people do better with pets around when doing stressful tasks？

29. What do researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital mention in the passage？

(33)

A．Pets' value in medical research.

B．What pets bring to their owners.

C．How pets help people calm down.

D．People's opinions of keeping pets.

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第6题

听力原文：Anyone who's been married has the experience of arguing with your spouse. Those r

听力原文： Anyone who's been married has the experience of arguing with your spouse. Those romantic days of courtship have given way to arguing about doing the dishes and taking out the garbage. But, as any marriage advisor will tell you, (32) at least some fighting is a healthy part of a relationship.

According to a study done by researchers at Ohio State University, though, marital stress has its downside as well. According to the study, the stress that a married couple experiences during a typical argument can slow the body's power to heal wounds by up to two days.

(33) The study involved forty two married couples who'd been together for an average of twelve years. First, each spouse was given small wounds on their arms and took tests to determine their stress levels. Then they were videotaped while having a supportive discussion about their relationship.

Two months later the couples were again given small wounds and this time videotaped while discussing something more emotionally tensional. (34) The researchers found that the wounds took one day longer to heal after the stressful discussion than they did after the supportive discussion. (35) Couples that had really hostile arguments took as long as two extra days to heal their wounds.

The researchers are still trying to determine why higher levels of stress slow the wound healing process. But the findings could be important in many ways. Hospitals, for example, might take more care to make hospital stays less stressful, so patients will heal faster.

32. What is the advisor's view about the arguments？

33.What kinds of persons are involved in the study？

34.In healing the wound，how many days longer does the stressful discussion take than the supportive one？

35.What can we learn from the study done by researchers at Ohio State University？

(33)

A．Arguments do not always occur between couples.

B．Arguments or fights may lead to the end of the marriage.

C．Couples should argue with each other properly.

D．Arguments can be avoided after the romantic days of courtship.

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第7题

阅读1：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____

[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement

[C] generated more stress than the workplace

[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home？

[A] Childless wives

[B] Working mothers

[C] Childless husbands

[D] Working fathers

23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____

[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office

[B] their home is also a place for kicking back

[C] there is often much housework left behind

[D] they are both bread winners and housewives

24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____

[A] skills

[B] energy

[C] earnings

[D] nutrition

25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____

[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment

[C] household tasks are generally more motivating

[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

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第8题

Stress Can Make You Sick Scientists are now studying a new field of research which is call

Stress Can Make You Sick

Scientists are now studying a new field of research which is called psychoimmunology(心理免疫学). It is based on the idea(51)people who are depressed(抑郁) or have a lot of stress are more likely to become sick. Researchers have recently found a connection between diseases and stressful situations. To test this theory scientists are trying to find a link(52)the brain and the immune(免疫)system. The immune system in our bodies fights the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. Therefore,(53)or not we are likely to get various diseases depends on how(54)our immune system works. Biologists(55)to think that the immune system was a separate,(56)part of our bodies. Recently, however, they have found that our brain can affect our immune system. This discovery indicates that there may(57)a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness.

Although many doctors in the past(58)a connection between emotional factors and disease, they had no proof. Scientists have only recently discovered(59)the brain and the immune system function. Before this, no one could see a link between them. As a result, medical science never(60)considered the idea that psychological factors could(61)disease.

Several recent studies(62)a connection between stress and illness. For instance, researchers went to an American military school to study the students. By studying the students' blood, they found that many were(63)with a virus which causes mononucleosis(单核细胞增多症), a common glandular (腺体的) disease. Of the infected students, only 5 percent actually became ill. The sick students had a lot of academic(64)and wanted to achieve, but they were not very good students. In a similar study, researchers studied a group of student nurses. They focused(65)cold sores, which are also caused by a common virus. Many student nurses carried the virus in their blood, but few of these infected nurses actually developed cold sores.

A．which

B．that

C．who

D．where

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第9题

No one likes bad news, but for some people, no news is worse. People who are mildly neurot

ic are stressed by uncertainty even more than by bad news, a new study finds. Psychologists have long known that bad news grabs attention, making its recipients take notice, while good news often is given short effect in the brain. Scientists have explained the phenomenon as a survival mechanism of the brain.

But researchers at the University of Toronto wanted to learn more about how people respond to uncertainty--a lack of information or information that isn't well understood. Forty-one young men and women took a test designed to assess how neurotic they were, then were fitted with electrode(电极 ) caps that measured brain activity as they completed certain tasks. As a way of monitoring stress, the investigators tracked neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex(前扣带皮层), a part of the brain involved in conflict, uncertainty and monitoring errors.

The participants later were asked to respond when they thought a second had passed since a symbol had appeared on a computer monitor. After responding, they received feedback on the monitor in the form. of a plus sign indicating a job well done, a minus sign indicating improvement was needed, or a question mark with no further explanation. The subjects who had scored higher on the neuroticism scale demonstrated more brain activity in response to uncertain feedback than to negative feedback, the researchers found.

In the real world, such a heightened response might occur when an employee is up for a promotion but does not know the outcome, and a highly neurotic individual would respond less intensely to losing the promotion said Jacob Hirsh, a lead author of the paper. The opposite is true for people who are not neurotic, Hirsh added. They are not bothered by uncertainty but are very upset by negative feedback.

Richard Sorrentino, a psychologist at the University of Western Ontario who also studies uncertainty, said he had conducted a similar study looking at married women who were ambivalent(有矛盾情绪的)toward their partners and not sure whether they could be trusted. "If they were the type who preferred certainty, they were better off if they didn't trust their husbands at all than if they were uncertain about whether to trust him," he said. Wives who preferred certainty but who were uncertain about their husbands often suffered severe symptoms, he added, including depression.

As to the survival mechanism of the brain, ______.

A．bad news affects people the most

B．no news makes people feel much well

C．good news often leaves a short memory in brain

D．goods news holds more attention from people

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第10题

Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days

Stress Level Tied to Education Level

People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.

From this researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.

The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.

"Less advantaged people are less healthy on a dally basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health." lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. "The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged."

Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.

"If something happens every day, maybe it's not seen as a stressor." Grzywacz says. "Maybe it is just life."

stressor n. 紧张性刺激

devastating adj. 毁灭性的

follow-up n. (对病人的) 随访

Stress level is closely related to______.

A．family size

B．social status

C．body weight

D．work experience

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