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Environmental engineers' work is toA．design new kind of cars, buses and trucks that will n

Environmental engineers' work is to

A．design new kind of cars, buses and trucks that will not pollute the air

B．protect the environment

C．produce cars that will not pollute the air

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发布时间：2019-09-18

更多“Environmental engineers' work is toA．design new kind of cars, buses and trucks that will n”相关的问题

第1题

The Warranty Holdings Group, a European leader in mechanical breakdown insurance and a res

earcher and commentator on trends in motoring, says that the motorists world 20 years from now will be marked by more cars, more choice and more technology. Built-in safety features will increase and will include night-vision and collision-avoidance system, and monitoring devices to stop drivers falling asleep at the wheel. A growth in tele-working and home shopping should cut the numbers of trips in a car made by most motorists and "fun" sports cars will become popular as private motoring becomes more recreational in nature. The survey results show that despite years of research into alternative fuel sources for vehicles, no clear winner has emerged for a replacement for the conventional petrol-engined car. Gas and electricity are the best possibilities, with Toyotas design division in Japan claiming it already has an electric car that will drive up to 250km on a single charge. However, while electric and "hybrid" powered vehicles will be far more in evidence in the future, it will take a major technological breakthrough to steer the car industry away from its current path of gradual improvements to the petrol-driven internal combustion engine. Professor Garel Rhys, of the Cardiff Business School in Wales, says engine fuel injection systems of the future will be far more frugal than anything that exists at the moment. "It will be like putting a pipette of petrol into the cylinders, rather than just throwing it in by the bucket load, which is almost what we do at the moment when you compare it with what could be possible. " Some environmentalists point to the Twingo, the small car developed by Frances Renault company, to show that what could be achieved by the worlds car industry if it moved away from a trend towards bigger and more powerful cars and radically cut the fuel consumption of its products. Public opinion polls in many countries show motorists wanting access to this kind of environmentally-aware car. A prototype environmental car, the SmILE (smaller, intelligent, lighten, efficient) has been put together by the environmental group Greenpeace. The group hopes the concept will catch on. It depends heavily on supercharging or forcing fuel mixture into the cylinders at higher than normal pressure. Some experts say this is a good way to extract high performance and high fuel efficiency from small engines. Cutting the fuel consumption has had no negative effect on the handling or performance of the car, according to the designers. Top speed, flexibility and acceleration from the engine is as good or better than the original Twingo. They say the technology used to create the Twingo SmILE could just as easily be used on other brands of car. What remains to be seen is whether the enthusiasm of environmental designers catches on with the dollar-driven international car industry, and whether motorists back up with their chequebooks their desire for "greener" cars.

Which of the following is true about the motorists world 20 years from now？

A．The number of cars will reduce as more people work and shop at home.

B．People will only use cars for recreational purposes.

C．Cars will be better equipped to enhance bigger safety.

D．Fun sports cars will be the mainstream of car industry.

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第2题

听力原文：W: Hi, Mike.M: Hi. I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Why not drive your c

听力原文：W: Hi, Mike.

M: Hi. I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Why not drive your car？

W: (23) I've been thinking about the environment lately. If we all use public transportation when we could, the air will be much cleaner.

M: Right. But the bus isn't exactly pollution free.

W: True. But they'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.

M: What's the city going to do？ Install pollution filters of some sort on their buses？

W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.

M: How？

W: (24) Well, there is a material called the confine oxide. It's a really good insulator. And a thick coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine.

M: An insulator？

W: (25) Yes. It reflects back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much more hotly and burn up more completely.

M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air, right？

W: (25) Yeah, and the bus will need less fuel. So with the savings on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.

M: Sounds like people should all go out and get this stuff to spray their car engines.

W: Well, not really that easy. To melt the materials before you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees. It's not something we are able to do ourselves.

23. Why doesn't the woman drive her car？

24.What are the two speakers talking about？

25.What can we learn from the conversation about the material mentioned？

(20)

A．Something is wrong with her car.

B．The cost of the fuel is high.

C．It's cheap to take bus.

D．She thinks public transportation is environmental friendly.

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第3题

Cars Are Good for the Environment, HonestBritain's motor industry is planning a major pub

Cars Are Good for the Environment, Honest

Britain's motor industry is planning a major publicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias and to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group. Friends of the Earth (FOE). 46 . 

The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, says that the “ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the longterm commercial freedom of the motor industry and the lifestyle. freedom of car users”. 

47 . European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Commission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 per cent to target of 140 grams per kilometre by 2008. 

However, the document also reveals that the industry is some way from meeting the target. 48 . 

To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler(耗油量大的汽车)would pay more than owners of small cars. 49 . 

Richard Barnet, the society's media manager, says:“We will work with the government to practise a practical system. ” 50 .

A The campaign will highlight the motor industry’s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)

B But the motor industry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use

C The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million

D The reason why cars are good for the environment is obvious

E But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”

F For example, last year's new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre — some 37 percent above the target

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第4题

听力原文：W: Hello？M: Hi, Amy. This is Bill Johns.W: Oh hi, Bill. You weren't in engineerin

听力原文：W: Hello？

M: Hi, Amy. This is Bill Johns.

W: Oh hi, Bill. You weren't in engineering class today, weren't you？

M: I have the flu. I was wondering if you could tell me what went on.

W: Actually we had an interesting class. Dr. Collin talked about a new type of fuel.

M: Oh, yeah？

W: Uhhum, It's called Dimethyl ether or DME.

M: Oh, I remember reading something about DME. It's mostly used in spray cans,, right？

W: Right, DME doesn't destroy the ozone, so it is environmental friendly.

M: But doesn't DME pollute the air if it's burned in an engine？

W: Dr. Collin said something about its exhaust being dean, that it doesn't re lease as much pollutant as diesel fuel. And he mentioned something about DME being more efficient than other alternative fuels.

M: When will it replace diesel fuel？

W: Not for a while. It's not economical to massproduce.

M: Well, thanks for the information. I guess I won't need to borrow your notes.

W: Well, maybe you should look at them. We are having a test next week.

M: Okay, could you give them to Mike Andrews？ I think he is in your psychology class. He is my roommate.

W: Sure. I hope you're feeling better soon.

M: Thanks. Me too. Bye!

W: Bye!

(20)

A．He lost his notes.

B．He missed the class.

C．He is doing research on alternative fuels.

D．He's studying for a test.

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第5题

Energy Crisis One key question for the next century is how we provide energy in an environ

Energy Crisis

One key question for the next century is how we provide energy in an environmentally sound way.

As living standards rise in the developing world, energy consumption will increase. As a result, many countries are now opening the door for private investment in a sector that used once to be solely the preserve of government.

In the developed world, the move is towards the deregulation and privatization of electricity generation and distribution. There is also a trend towards locally-generated energy, particularly in the developing world. Factories and shopping centers may one day have their own power sources.

Progress is also being made in minimizing the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. A motor car today puts out perhaps 5 percent of the pollution a new car did in 1970. We can produce clean power too but it costs, so in the new millennium(一千年) we're to some extent going to have the environment we can afford.

The spectre of scarce or impossibly expensive energy is no longer with us, thanks to a combination of opening up new regions of the world and new technologies. Shortage is very unlikely. Environmental considerations mean there is a seriousness too about alternative energy sources that wasn't there ten years ago.

Right now the fuel cell is at the top of the list of alternative technologies. Advances in turbine transportation mean that natural gas is going to have an ever-increasing role. Nuclear power may prove competitive enough to have a much longer life than many expect, but until there's a major change in public sentiment, I don't expect to see much new nuclear construction.

Will the grip of oil on personal transportation continue？ Sports utility vehicles like Land Rovers and jeeps are hardly the perfect means of urban transport. But people have become very attached to their automobiles. So until we get around to technology where we beam ourselves around, I suspect we'll continue to have them. Some may be electric; others could run on cleaner oil-based fuel or natural gas.

One area which is certainly not clear is the impact of the internet on transport. On the one hand, you will be able to accomplish by sitting in front of a screen what you used to have to go to the airport for, on the otherhand, increased knowledge may well fuel a rising demand for travel. We are only at the beginning of a revolution that is already being called a bigger revolution than the internal combustion engine(内燃机).

Which of the following is true about the use of energy？ ______

A．In the developing countries, there is a trend toward locally-generated energy.

B．In the developed world, clean power is used in motor cars.

C．A motorcar today puts out perhaps 5 times of the pollution a new car did in 1970.

D．Factories and shopping centers are able to have their own power sources.

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第6题

Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on

Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the schools busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nias bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a "walking school bus" —a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together. Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new way to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesnt affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget. Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished. Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which arent always the shortest ones. There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, its an environmental win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks. A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.

The "walking school bus" ______.

A．does not consume fuel

B．aims to keep children fit

C．seldom causes traffic jams

D．is popular with school kids

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第7题

Environmental accounting

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第8题

The main task now facing ecologists,environmental activists and conservationists is ______

The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is ______.