When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does no - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less purpose when

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less

purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of

transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted

for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are

(5) expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups

together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when

both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social

obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows

for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a

(10) product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people

who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the

case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social

life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable

effect on the group.

Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage？

A．Small Groups and Governments, A Comparison of Two Economic Methods

B．Social Obligation and the Consumer：A Case Study

C．Regular vs. Irregular Systems in Economics

D．The Comparative Strength of Economics in Various Areas

E．The Triumph of Analysis in Economic Theory

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第2题

To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference bet

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the【C1】______production of goods, and then【C2】______on "persuasive salesmanship"-- to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling【C3】______on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then【C4】______them into money.

Marketing, on the other .hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the【C5】______and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will【C6】______them. This eye-on-the-consumer【C7】______is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what .the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it【C8】______for purchase. Every【C9】______-- design, production, distribution, promotion -- is made according to consumer demand.

This concept does not【C10】______that consumer satisfaction is given【C11】______over profit in a company. There are always two【C12】______to every business activity -- the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade【C13】______Successful merchants and producers,【C14】______, recognized that the surest route to profit is【C15】______understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as "Have it your way," and "You are the boss". A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer【C16】______itself in mind.

1985, when Coca Cola changed the【C17】______of its drink. The non-acceptance-of the change by a significant【C18】______of the public brought【C19】______a quick restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer【C20】______.

【C1】

A．effective

B．adequate

C．competent

D．efficient

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第3题

To understand the marketing concept, its only necessary to understand the difference bet

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the effective【M1】______ production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the need of the seller to produce goods and then convert【M2】______ them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It firstly begins at analyzing the preferences and【M3】______ demands of consumers and then producing goods mat will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find what the consumer wants to【M4】______ buy and then go around making it available for purchase.【M5】______ This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction should be given priority by profit. There are【M6】______ always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied after trade occurs. Successful【M7】______ merchants and producers recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering consumers. A striking【M8】______ example of the importance of understanding the consumer was【M9】______ presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketing alongside the new.【M10】______

【M1】

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第4题

An example illustrating whether there are limitations on consumer choice is that ______.A．

An example illustrating whether there are limitations on consumer choice is that ______.

A．rights holders can at any time set pricing and access rights for their works.

B．people have to fly to a certain library to find a typical out-of-print book

C．other rights holders will be encouraged to conduct similar projects

D．google is working hard to improve bibliographic information

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第5题

&8226;Look at the statements below and the five introductions for goods.&8226;Which introd

&8226;Look at the statements below and the five introductions for goods.

&8226;Which introduction A, B, C, D or E does each statement 1-8 refer to？

&8226;For each statement 1-8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E.

&8226;You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

A.

Shopping goods aren't bought very often, are bought only after the consumer has compared their features with those of competing brands, and are found in only a few stores in one area. These goods usually have a higher unit price than convenience goods, and an individual salesperson, rather than a cashier, may be needed to sell them. Examples of shopping goods are automobiles, furniture, men's suits, ladies' wear, shoes, and major appliances.

B.

Specialty goods like prestige automobiles, photographic equipment, fine jewelry, and high-fashion clothing and furniture are bought by consumers after a special shopping effort. They are bought infrequently and are generally available only in exclusive outlets. They're usually high-priced, but price isn't the main consideration of a consumer buying them. A consumer is often willing to go out of the way to find a certain brand.

Specialty goods prove the point that goods are often considered not just for their physical qualities but also for the economic utility, ego enhancement, status, and satisfaction they carry with them. For example, when people buy a new car, they may want it not just for basic transportation but also for recognition, status, or prestige.

You've probably figured out that this classification of consumer goods is far from rigid. It may differ according to buyers' intent or wishes. As consumers' incomes and buying habits change, or as prices drop, goods shift from one classification to another. Usually they shift downward, from the specialty to the shopping, or from the shopping to the convenience goods category. Television sets became shopping goods years ago. When microwave ovens first came on the market, they were regarded by many as an expensive new toy a kind of specialty goods-for the rich. Now they're considered indispensable shopping goods by working couples and single people who buy them to save cooking time.

C.

Durable goods can be further classified as either consumer goods or industrial goods, each of which requires a different set of marketing strategies. Consumer goods are used by the consumer or household that buys them and come in a ready-to-use form. that calls for no further industrial or commercial processing. On the basis of how much effort a consumer takes to obtain them, consumer goods can be further subdivided into (1) convenience goods, (2) shopping goods, and (3) specialty goods.

D.

Durable goods have physical qualities and uses that permit them to last a relatively long time, even while being used. They're designed to be used up over an extended period of time and are made of materials that will take considerable wear and tear. For example, you probably own such durable goods as a car, tape deck, cassette player, TV set, or stereo that should remain usable for several years—or at least until the warranty runs out. Houses are built to last thirty to fifty years or more. Refrigerators and mattresses both have a life expectancy of about twenty years, and quality jewelry, silverware, china, and furniture are frequently handed down from one generation to the next.

The fact that a product is durable influences its whole marketing strategy. Obviously, goods like these are packaged differently, sold more personally and aggressively, and priced higher than a tube of toothpaste or a bottle of shampoo.

E.

Instead of being bought by the ultimate consumer, industrial goods are used by businesses to produce other goods or to provide services to consumers. These goods are usually bought by institutions such as manufacturers, utilities, government agencies, contractors, wholesale

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第6题

When a buyer experiences consumer surplus, the seller experiences a loss.（)

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第7题

What does the woman imply about the Journal for Consumer Research!A．It is a new magazine.B

What does the woman imply about the Journal for Consumer Research!

A．It is a new magazine.

B．It is a leading journal.

C．It is published in South America.

D．It is trying to find more writers.

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第8题

听力原文：Interviews conducted by members of the ECE, （Economic Committee of Europe) with e

听力原文：Interviews conducted by members of the ECE, (Economic Committee of Europe) with enterprises engaged in third-market, cooperation have identified several areas in which problems occurred. Many of these problems are characteristic of the particular industrial sector in which the cooperation takes place and cannot be generalized to supply to other sectors.

When vehicles and machinery made under cooperation arrangements are launched on new markets, substantial modifications may have to be made in basic features. Such changes may be dictated by a lack of servicing facilities for the prescribed frequency of service for the standard model and an operating environment that is different from that prevailing in either of the partner's home markets. Since acceptance of the product in question by the client depends upon the manufacturer successfully satisfying his specifications, the partners must closely coordinate their ordering procedures in such a way that these changed specifications are communicated in time to the manufacturing plants. If the producing enterprise has a long lead-time as a result of internal planning procedures, it may find it difficult to make the necessary changes in the standard model during the time available, to the detriment of its relations with clients in the third-market. Clearly, this is an area in which effective managerial techniques can prevent such problems from arising.

Rapid fluctuations in demand are characteristic of the market for many of the chemical products manufactured under east-west cooperation arrangement. In order to respond to such shifts in demand, the supplying enterprise must remain in close touch with the market, either directly or through its western partner, in order to adjust its production schedules to take these shifts into account. Otherwise it may find itself with large inventories of unsalable products while its partner may be in the difficult position of hastening to find an alternative market for the amounts no longer required by the target market.

In the turnkey-plant sector, partner enterprise often discover that they derive totally different results from using the same local subcontractors. According to several western plant contractors interviewed, while the eastern partner obtained complete satisfaction from local suppliers, the western partner found little cooperation, forthcoming long delivery delays, and other shortcomings. This difference usually arises in the case of developing countries in which the western firm has no experience and the eastern enterprise may have been active for many years. Obviously in such cases it is recommended that the western firm rely on its partners established links with local suppliers instead Of attempting to deal with them on its own.

Consumer goods made under cooperation arrangements and supplied to third markets often pass through a period of poor buyer acceptance, which is due to inappropriate or insufficient packaging. Since many branded consumer goods are distinguished from one another at the point of sale mainly by their packages, the key to the successful introduction of a new product in a third-market is correct assessment of consumer preferences. This assessment can best be carried out in the market-place by using up-to-date techniques for measuring buyer response to package shape, colour and presentation. Which partner should be responsible for conducting such testing, and who should pay for this costly exercise, should be decided well in advance of the decision to enter the market or to select the type of distribution network for the product in question.

？You will hear a passage about enterprises engaged in third-market cooperation.

？For each question 23--30, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.

？You will hear the recording twice.

ECE refers to ______.

A．European Committee of Economics

B．European Committee of Economics

C．Economic Committee of Europe

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第9题

When the consumer thinks of alternatives and makes a final decision．the most important ind

ividuaI factor will be

A.personalities．

B.motives．

C.performance．

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第10题

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or does not【B1】______the man

ufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the【B2】______at the store. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and【B3】______method used by many consumers is to complain【B4】______to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers【B5】______, if he or she has a just claim. Consumers should go to the store of purchase to complain whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the store, it【B6】______phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most【B7】______when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can show what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making【B8】______statements. The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the【B9】______result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a public organisation【B10】______protecting consumers rights.

【B1】

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