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[主观题]

Many state colleges and universities develop from the____________ operated about 200 years

ago.

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发布时间：2020-08-10

更多“Many state colleges and universities develop from the____________ operated about 200 years”相关的问题

第1题

Colleges and Universities arc institutions of higher education that offer programs beyond

the high school level. Colleges and universities provide necessary training for individuals wishing to enter professional careers. They also strive to develop students' creativity, insight, and analytical skills. By acquainting students with complex ideas in an intellectually stimulating environment, colleges and universities can provide unique opportunities for personal enrichment while also preparing students for future careers. Students who live away from home during their college or university years typically experience a major turning point in their lives that has little to do with academics or professional training. For example, college offers many recent high school graduates their first opportunity to live on their own. Campus residence halls provide common settings for students to form. new bonds with peers who share similar experiences. Other students form. social networks by joining student organizations or by participating in extracurricular activities.

In the United States and Canada the terms college and university can describe a variety of institutions. A college may form. one major division of a university, offering programs in a specific academic field that lead to undergraduate or graduate degrees, or both. Colleges may also be independent of a university, offering four-year programs of general education that lead to a bachelor's degree in the liberal arts and sciences. Some independent colleges offer a limited number of graduate programs, but usually their primary mission is to provide undergraduate education. Community colleges offer two-year programs of general education or vocational education.

Universities generally comprise various colleges and professional schools that make up the academic divisions of the institution. For example, a university may include a college of arts and sciences in addition to professional schools of education, law, medicine, and engineering. Universities provide higher education leading to a bachelor's degree as well as professional and graduate programs leading to master' s and doctoral degrees. Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada may be public institutions supported by federal, state, provincial, or municipal governments, or they may be private (independent) institutions.

A. Community Colleges

Community colleges typically offer the first two years of general undergraduate education. Most also offer adult educational programs, vocational education, and technical training. Community colleges confer associate degrees for successful completion of most two-year programs. Many students in community colleges complete the first two years of their college education in these institutions and then transfer the credits to a four-year college. Other community college students pursue vocational, technical, and other pre-professional programs. Because community colleges typically have lower tuition rates than four-year colleges and universities, they offer significant advantages to many students.

B. Public Colleges and Universities

Aside from a few four-year colleges supported by municipal governments or the federal government, most public colleges and universities in the United States are state institutions. In most cases, state boards of higher education provide funds for these schools and oversee their programs of instruction. Most state governments establish systems of higher education, such as the State University of New York System or the University of California System, which comprise groups of interconnected college or university campuses.

State colleges and universities have diverse origins. Although some four-year institutions were originally established as state colleges and universities, many originated in the early 19th century as two-yea

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第2题

回答题。 Problems of UniversitiesIn many states this year, budget requests by state unive

回答题。

Problems of Universities

In many states this year, budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen, while tuition, the share of the cost borne by the students themselves, has gone up--in some cases faster than the rate of inflation. The problem for the governors is particularly distressing because they all agree that the quality of their colleges and universities helps drive the economic engines of their states. And they are constantly being told by everyone from college administrators to editorial writers that the only way to make their state universities better is to spend more money.

So it was against this backdrop that members of the National Governors Association came together in this New England city this past week to discuss issues of common concern, one being higher education. And the focus of their talks about colleges centered not on how money could be more effectively directed, but how to get greater productivity out of a system that many feel has become high inefficient and resistive to change.

As a result, the governors will embark on a three-year study of higher education system and how to make state colleges and universities better able to meet the challenges of a global economy in the 21st century. And judging from the tenor and tone of their discussion, the study could produce a push for higher standards, more efficiency and greater accountability. "When it comes to higher education, we talk a lot about money, but we don&39;t often talk of standards and accountability. With tuition rising faster than the rate of inflation and students taking longer and longer to finish college, one of these days the public is going to say, &39;Enough!&39;" Pennsylvania Republican Gov. Tom Ridge said.

Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetings resolute in the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of new technologies and a changing work force. Several governors noted that establishment of clearer standards, greater efficiencies in providing services, and more student competency testing might be needed, in addition to curriculum inspection.

Such proposals would be sure to shake up those who protect the status quo and trigger a major public debate. Education establishments that often believe that they know best tend to get nervous when elected officials seek to become involved. Utah GOP Gov. Mike Leavitt said the NGA discussion represented a "major shift" in the way governors address higher education and signaled their desire for greater direct involvement by the state chief executives in the oversight of their state university systems. While the governors were quick to note that American higher education is still the best in the world, they say adjustments that reflect the changing of the global economy might be needed to keep it that way.

The reduction of higher education budget in many states upsets the governors because they believe that__________. 查看材料

A.students should not pay their own tuition to get education

B.more money is needed to make their universities better

C.college administrators and editorial writers know better than them about education

D.the quality of their colleges and universities reflects the economic status of the states

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第3题

听力原文：Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and univers

听力原文： Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard. They were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies into states.

In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men attended college. All the students studied the same subjects and everyone learned Latin and Greek. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.

In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard Law School. In 1825, Harvard began teaching modem languages, such as French and German, as well as Latin and Greek. Soon it began teaching American history.

As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.

Special colleges for women were started. New state universities began to teach such subjects as farming, engineering and business. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.

(30)

A．How to start a university.

B．How colleges have changed in America.

C．The American Revolution.

D．The world famous colleges in America.

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第4题

In many states, budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or froz

en, while tuition, the share of the cost borne by the students themselves, has gone up. The problem with the governors【M1】______ is particularly distressing because they all agree that the quality of their colleges and universities helps drive the economic engines of their states. And they are constantly being told by everyone like【M2】______ college administrators to editorial writers that only way to make【M3】______ their state universities better is to spend more money. But it was against this backdrop that members of the association【M4】______ came together in this city to discuss issues of common concern, one is higher education. And the focus of their talks about college【M5】______ centered not on how money could be more effectively directed, but on what to get greater productivity out of a system that has【M6】______ become highly inefficient and resistive against change.【M7】______ As a result, the governors will embark a three-year study of【M8】______ higher education system and how to make state colleges and universities better able to meet the challenges of a global economy in the 21st century. And judging from the tenor and tone of their discussion, the study could produce a push in for higher standards,【M9】______ more efficiency and greater accountability. Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetings resolute with the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and【M10】______ possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of new technologies and a changing work force.

【M1】

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第5题

Before the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco

parentis system. " In loco parentis" is a Latin term, meaning " in the place of a parent. " It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child. This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of, teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913. Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule. In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights. But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent. In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that, it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis. At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied. Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services. Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Todays parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students lives. They are known as "helicopter parents". They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.

Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because______.

A．they could take the place of the students" parents

B．parents asked them to do it for the interests of their children

C．this was a tradition established by British colleges

D．college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults

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第6题

【T7】A.PROPERTY B.RUN C.ON A.ALL OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO【T7】______SCHOOL GROUNDS B.I

【T7】

A.PROPERTY

B.RUN

C.ON A.ALL OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO【T7】______SCHOOL GROUNDS

B.IF THEY"RE ON SCHOOL【T8】______

C.SMOKERS ARE BEING【T9】______NOT JUST OUT OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS AT MANY COLLEGES,【T10】______BUT OFF THE PREMISES.ON NOV.19,THE UNIVERSITYOF KENTUCKY, THE TOBACCO STATE"S FLAGSHIP PUBLIC INSTITUTION, LAUNCHED A CAMPUS WIDE BAN ON CIGARETTES AND【T11】______AND PARKING AREAS.PRO-NICOTINE STUDENTS STAGED A "SMOKE-OUT" TO PROTEST THE NEW POLICY, WHICH EVEN RULES OUT SMOKING INSIDE CARS【T12】______.KENTUCKY JOINS MORE THAN 365 U.S.COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES THAT IN RECENT YEARS HAVE INSTITUTED ANTISMOKING RULES BOTH INDOORS AND OUT.IN MOST PLACES, THE ISSUE DOESN"T SEEM TO BE SECONDHAND SMOK

E.RATHER, THE RATIONALE FOR GOING SMOKE-FREE IN WIDE OPEN SPACES IS A DESIRE TO MODEL HEALTHY BEHAVIOR.

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第7题

Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As c

olleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.

"All I hear in higher education is, brand, brand, brand," said Tim Westerbeck, who specialises in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organisations. "There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education."

Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School. Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultants creation of "naming structures", "brand architecture" and "identity systems", the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos, banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words "the New School".

Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.

Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a womens college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的)university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the colleges old name on late-night television and "morning zoo" radio shows. Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial resuits. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average students test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.

According to Tim Westerbeck, colleges or universities changing their names to compete for market share______.

A．is inadvisable

B．is actually a marketing strategy

C．reflects they don"t pay much attention to their inner quality

D．has positive influence on the development of higher education

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第8题

【T11】A.PROPERTY B.RUN C.ON A.ALL OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO【T7】______SCHOOL GROUNDS B.

【T11】

A.PROPERTY

B.RUN

C.ON A.ALL OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO【T7】______SCHOOL GROUNDS