根据以下材料,回答题Living Standards Around the WorldThe differences in living standards ar - 试题答案网问答

第1题

根据以下材料，回答题Living StandardsThe differences in living standards around the world ar

根据以下材料，回答题

Living Standards

The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993， the average American had an income of about $25，000. In the same year， the average Mexican earned $7，000， and the average Nigerian earned $1，500. Not surprisingly， this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States， incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year （after adjusting for changes in the cost of living）. At this rate， average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries， economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan， for instance， average income has doubled in the past 20 years， and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time？ The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries" productivity—— that is， the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker"s time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time， most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive， most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly， the growth rate of a nation"s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple， but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards， other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example， people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

The relationship between productivity and .living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards， the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards，policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated， have the tools needed to produce goods and services， and have access to the best available technology.

Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history？查看材料

A.Mexico.

B.The United States.

C.Japan.

D.South Korea.

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第2题

根据以下材料，回答题A Country"s Standard of LivingThe "standard of living" of any country m

根据以下材料，回答题

A Country"s Standard of Living

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person"s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country"s standard of living， therefore __________ （51） first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this __________ （52） is not money， for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing， and "services" such as transport and entertainment.

A country"s capacity to __________ （53） wealth depends upon many factors， most of __________ （54）have an effect on one another. Wealth depends __________ （55） a great extent upon a country"s natural resources. Some regions of the word are well supplied with coal and minerals， and have fertile （肥沃的）soil and a favorable climate; other regions __________ （56） none of them. Next to natural resources comes the ability to __________ （57） them to use. China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources， but suffered for many years __________ （58） civil and external wars. And for this and other __________ （59） was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditionsand __________ （60） from foreign invasionsenable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily， and to produce more __________ （61） than another country equally well favored by nature but less well ordered.

A country"s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and __________ （62） within its own borders， but also upon what is directly produced through intemational trade. For example， Britain"s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural __________ （63） would be much less if she had to dependonly on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus （过剩的） manufactured goods to be Waded abroad for the agricultural products __________ （64）would otherwise be lacking. A country"s wealth is， therefore， much influenced by its manufacturing capacity， __________ （65） that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

回答（51）题查看材料

A.calls

B.gets

C.depends

D.takes

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第3题

根据以下材料，回答题Migrant （移民的） WorkersIn the past twenty years， there has been an inc

根据以下材料，回答题

Migrant （移民的） Workers

In the past twenty years， there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted most __________ （51） to local people，others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East， __________ （52） increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oilworkers __________ （53） the U. S. A. and Europe. It has brought in workers from many countries， __________ （54） South Korea and Japan.

In view of the difficult living and worldng __________ （55） in the Middle East， it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can __________ （56） at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country， and this is a major __________ （57）

Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating （补偿的）advantage. For example， the __________ （58）living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to __________ （59） on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way， many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the __________ （60） of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely __________ （61） greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.

One major problem which __________ （62） migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on __________ （63）， so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be __________ （64） since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any __________ （65）， migrant workers accept this disadvantage， along with others， because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.

回答（51）题查看材料

A.cases

B.jobs

C.activities

D.uses

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第4题

根据以下材料，回答题Air PollutionThere is no question that the old style. of air pollution

根据以下材料，回答题

Air Pollution

There is no question that the old style. of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952，4，700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.

Fortunately， the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a rewrsible fall in lung function，an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation. Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma（哮喘）and other lung diseases， theseeffects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide， although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.

Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone.

There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma， both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis （支气管炎） and emphysema （肺气肿）， but this has yet to be proven.

Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However， we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.

Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experience？查看材料

A.Low concentrations.

B.Fall in lung function.

C.Irritability of the lungs.

D.Airway inflammation.

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第5题

根据以下材料，回答题The Book of LifeSo far， scientists have named about 1.8 million living

根据以下材料，回答题

The Book of Life

So far， scientists have named about 1.8 million living species （物种）， and that"s just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants， animals， and other creatures covering the planet， it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.

A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia （百科全书） of Life （EoL）. The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single， easy-to-use reference guide.

To get the encyclopedia started， the creators will use information from scientific databases （数据库） that already exist. And eventually， in special sections of the site， nonscientists with specialized（专门的）knowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers， for example， will be able to input which birds they"ve seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.

As the EoL develops， you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems （生态系统） in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate， scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven"t been reviewed.

Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you"ll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests， age， and current knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report， for example， you could use the "novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting， on the other hand， you could get much more detailed information about the history， literature， and exploration of bears.

It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.

"Spider" and "bird" mentioned in Paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate __________. 查看材料

A.animals are people"s friends

B.there are numerous living species on Earth

C.it is easy to see spiders and birds

D.there are many types of spiders and birds

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第6题

根据以下材料，回答题。They Say Ireland"s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to l

根据以下材料，回答题。

They Say Ireland"s the Best

Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005， according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain"s Economist magazine last week:

The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.

，The index of the countries uses data on incomes， health， unemployment， climate， political stability， job security， gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom， family and community life".

" Despite the bad weather， troubled health service， traffic congestion， gender inequality， and the high cost of living， Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.

That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland， which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe， troubled by political insecurity and hunger， is rated the gloomiest， picking up only 3.89 points.

"Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued，" the report said， "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact. "

"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old， such as stable family and community life. "

The magazine admitted measuring the quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do， and that its findings Would have their critics.

No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway， Luxembourg，Sweden， Australia， Iceland， Italy， Denmark and Spain.

The UK is positioned at No. 29， a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US， which has the second highest per capita GDP after Lux~mbourg， took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.

For 2，005 years， Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第7题

根据以下材料，回答题American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writ

根据以下材料，回答题

American Dreams

There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche （陈词滥调）.

In the land of black and white， people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. __________ （46） No class system or government stands in the way.

Sadly， this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.

The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. __________ （47）Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 per cent， however， it has gone up 200 percent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. __________ （48）

Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California， incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. __________ （49） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 percent of the population， it is the highest percentage in the developed world.

Yet the tax burden on America"s rich is falling， not growing. __________ （50） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.

回答（46）题查看材料

A.Nobody is poor in the US.

B.The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.

C.For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.

D.Now it is 9.8 times.

E.As it does so， the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.

F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.

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第8题

根据以下材料，回答题More about Alzheimer"s DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that

根据以下材料，回答题

More about Alzheimer"s Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer"s diseasel and may ultimately allow physicians to predict 51_______ is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

The only current means of 52_______ the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

"Since Alois Alzheimer described the 53_______ nearly a century .ago， people have been trying to find a way to 54_______ diagnose it in its early stages， " said Patricia Grady， acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda， Maryland. "This discovery， if 55_______ ， could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. "

Alzheimer"s is the single greatest 56_______ of mental deterioration in older people， affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States 57_______. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function， and eventually causes death. There is currently no known 58_______ for the disease.

Researches 59_______ that the skin cells of Alzheimer"s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer"s 60_______ from physiological changes throughout the body， and that dementia may be the first noticeable 61_______ of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain， scientists said.

The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells" supply of calcium， another 62_______ element.

One test developed by researches calls 63_______ growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that 64_______ the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

A spokesman for the Alzheimer"s Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important 65_______， but cautioned that other promising tests for Aizheimer"s have been disappointing.

回答（51）题查看材料

A.what

B.one

C.it

D.who

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第9题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 The Differences in Living StandardsThe differences in living stan

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

The Differences in Living Standards

The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.＜br＞

What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time？ The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries&39; productivity- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker&39;s time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nation&39;s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.＜br＞

The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.＜br＞

The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policy makers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.

Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history？查看材料

A.Mexico

B.The United States

C.Japan

D.South Korea

点击查看答案

第10题

根据以下材料，回答题。Natural MedicinesSince earliest days， humans have used some kinds of m

根据以下材料，回答题。

Natural Medicines

Since earliest days， humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.

They were successful long before the time of modem medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny （发亮的） instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.

Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How？ By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious， even magical （有魔力的）. Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical， however.

Through the centuries， tribal （部落的） medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today"s most serious diseases.

Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form. of treatment. They are used because people trust thegn. In developed areas， few people SiCk"about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources， especially plants.Some experts say more than 25 % of modem medicines come， in one way or another， from nature.

Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists" interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth"s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.

The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were 查看材料

A.much more Successful than modem ones

B.successful enough for humans to survive

C.successful in all cases

D.of little help to humans

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根据以下材料，回答题Living Standards Around the WorldThe differences in living standards ar