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This article focuses most clearly on ______.
A．the architectural beauties of the White House
B．early residents of the White House
C．improvements in the White House
D．the history of the White House to 1950
答案
更多“This article focuses most clearly on ______.A．the architectural beauties of the White Hous”相关的问题
第1题
This article focuses on the minor matters that job seekers often ______.
A．ignore
B．neglect
C．omit
D．overlook
第2题
This article focuses on the problem of______.
A．racism
B．whites
C．blacks
D．Jews
第3题
According to the given article, which of the following statements is NOT true？
A．Pop music is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide.
B．Pop music is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures.
C．The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues— especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization.
D．The present study focuses on the issue of demand increase and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse.
第4题
？Read the article below about working in different sized companies.
？Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page 'Right' or 'Wrong'？ If there is not enough information to answer 'Right' or 'Wrong', choose 'Doesn't say'.
？For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.
Choose your company with care
Small is beautiful. That, at least, is the conclusion of new research examining how satisfied secretaries are in different sized firms. 'We have found that people who work for small or medium-sized companies work harder and are more committed,' says David Smith, author of one of the latest studies in this field. 'The smaller the environment, the bigger the part you play as an individual, and the more people notice your absence.' This will come as a surprise to many secretaries. Some recruitment agencies said that secretaries are keen to get positions in the bigger companies. However, smaller companies can be more flexible when it comes to working hours, and have better working conditions. But working for a smaller firm is not without its disadvantages. Career development in the form. of courses can be limited, but, on the other hand, employees often feel that they can learn more on the job. In fact, opportunities for promotion are the same whatever the size of the company. Smith also says: 'Our research shows that in a company of fewer than 50 people, employers can actually see what their employees are producing and then give them bonuses as appropriate.'
The new research focuses on the number of secretaries employed in small firms.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Doesn't say
第5题
&8226;Read the article below about the people test.
&8226;In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.
&8226;If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
When an organization doesn't work right, executives are often quick to blame for "people problems". But that's wrongheaded, If an organization is not suited
34 to the skills and attitudes of its members, the problem lies in with the design,
35 not the people. For this test, first look at your key players -- the members of the
36 top management team and other individuals are deemed critical to the business.
37 For each, ask them whether the design provides the appropriate responsibilities
38 and reporting relationships and wins their commitment. If so, for example, your
39 CEO is a marketing type one and the design focuses her attention on
40 performance management, you have got a problem. Now look at the pivotal
41 jobs in the design -- the position that will need to be staffed by highly talented
42 people even if the organization is to work well. Typically, these will include the
43 heads of all key business units and the managers of all functions who involved
44 in critical cross-unit relationships . Do you have the career paths ready and development initiatives needed to create it and retain new talent for tomorrow？
45 Do you have outstanding people to staff these jobs today？
(34)
第6题
— Read the article on the opposite page about the marketing guru Theodore Leavitt.
— Choose the best sentence from below [o fill each of the gaps.
— For each gap 8 - 12, mark one letter (A - G) on your Answer Sheet.
— Do not use any letter more than once.
— There is an example at the beginning, (0).
Did this man invent marketing？
For the world of management - or the trend-setting part of it which read the Harvard Business Review (HBR) - 1960 was the year that marketing began. Extraordinary as it seems today, until HBR published an article by a German- American academic called Theodore Levitt saying that 'industry is a customer-satisfying process, not a goods-producing process', most managers operated on the principle that people would buy whatever their companies produced, with the aid of a little advertising.
(0) It was one where the public was so pleased to have any choice of goods after the barren years of World War II that consumer products virtually sold themselves. There might be competition between different makes of soap powder or toothpaste, but no-one in industry seriously considered probing more deeply into what customers wanted, or might want in the future.
Levitt changed all that with one article in HBR, entitled 'Marketing Myopia'. 【8】______ His message was very simple. Selling was not marketing, he pointed out. 'Selling concerns itself with the tricks and techniques of getting people to exchange their cash for your product. 【9】______ And it does not, as marketing invariably does, view the entire business process as consisting of a tightly integrated effort to discover, create, arouse and satisfy customer needs. Selling focuses on the needs of the seller, marketing on the needs of the buyer.'
Levitt began by explaining that every industry was once a growth industry. But growth will not continue through improvements in productivity or cost reduction alone. 【10】______ He cited the Detroit automobile industry as a prime example: ruled by the production ethos, in 1960 it was simply giving the customer what it thought the customer should have. 'Detroit never really researched the customer's wants. It only researched the kinds of things it had already decided to offer him,' Levitt wrote. Eventually, it was punished by the Japanese with their compact cars. 【11】______
Industries can die if they don't understand how their markets are changing, Levitt warned, citing his famous horse-whip example: after the automobile killed the horse and carriage as personal transportation, makers of horse-whips could not save themselves by improving the product. 【12】______ These days, although Levitt called marketing a 'stepchild', it has come a long way towards growing up.
A. Only a thoroughly customer-oriented management' can maintain it.
B. It is such a far-sighted assessment that many companies are still failing it.
C. They needed to reinvent their whole business by studying what customers would now want fan belts, say, or air cleaners.
D. It is not concerned with the values that the exchange is all about.
E. It set him up as the first marketing guru and over the years HBR has sold hundreds of thousands of reprints.
F. These were what customers wanted after the oil price shocks of the early 1970s.
G. Business in the 1950s had been a complacent, producer-oriented world.
第7题
&8226;Read the article below about a civil rights lawsuit.
&8226;Choose the best sentence from the list A-H to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each gap (8-12) mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
An assistant store manager at Costco Wholesale Corp. filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the retail chain Tuesday, alleging that she was passed over for a promotion (8) .
(9) The suit claims that females rarely get high-level management jobs.
The lead attorney in the case, Brad Seligman, executive director of the nonprofit Impact Fund, is also suing Wal-Mart Stores Inc., alleging that the Arkansas-based retailer pays women lower wages and promotes them less than their male counterparts. (10) .
But it is stalled in an appeals court, and the merits have not been litigated.
The Costco case concerns Shirley "Rae" Ellis of Aurora, Colo, who was hired six years ago amid what she says were promises of a promotion within a year from her assistant manager post to an in-store manager at one of the chain's 320 U.S.-based outlets.
(11) "I would put my management ability against any manager," she said. Issaquah, Wash.-based Costco, which employs about 103,000 people worldwide, did not immediately return calls for comment.
The suit, which focuses on in-store assistant manager and manager positions, claims that 50 percent of the chain's employees are female, but the management "is virtually all male."
The suit says only 12 percent of Costco's store managers and two of 30 upper-level executives are women.
Ellis is seeking unspecified damages, including lost wages, and wants the company to post its managerial positions to its employees.
No hearing has been set for a judge to determine whether the lawsuit will represent all current and former female employees (12) .
Assistant managers receive about $65,000 or more, and managers get more than $100,000 plus bonuses, according to Seligman. He said the suit was about "changing the way Costco does business. "
Costco shares rose 39 cents to $ 41.21 Tuesday on the Nasdaq Stock Market.
A．who might have been wrongly passed over for a promotion to assistant manager or manager
B．that case, which was granted class-action status, represents as many as 1.6 million current and former female Wal-Mart employees
C．because the company's policies discriminate against women in upper management
D．she said the retailer does not post job offerings for its managerial posts
E．filed a federal civil rights lawsuit
F．obviously the managers don't promote female employees
G．she was supported by most of the female employees in the company
H．The suit seeks class-action status to represent what the plaintiff's lawyers say could be 650 women
(8)
第8题
•For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Business and Social Responsibility
Today more and more people believe that business should play an active role in improving society and solving social problems. For example, we expect that businesses will take care not to pollute the air we breathe or the water we drink. We also expect them to offer fair wages and employee benefits and to provide a satisfactory product or service at a reasonable price. Many companies recognize this and have stated publicly that they will act as a good citizen. They support local arts, build parks, raise funds for charities, and try to put back some of their profits into the community that has made their success possible.
A good reason for businesses to be socially responsible is that society gives business organizations the right to exist. A social setting or environment, with its laws, customs, and other social and cultural norms, allows businesses to form. and function. It is only right for businesses to participate in making the community in which they operate a better place.
To be socially responsible also benefits businesses. In many cases, a company will make greater profits in the long run if it considers benefits to society. Customers actually vote for products and companies when they make a purchase. If a product is of good quality and priced fairly, they will probably buy it from time to time. But when customers find out that a manufacturer produces only inferior or shoddy products which cheat them out of their money, they may become so angry that they will never purchase their products any more. Consumers may also shun firms that pollute the environment or engage in unethical practices by not purchasing their products. When enough people believe a business no longer serves society's best interests, they may pressure the firm into its doom by boycotting its goods or services, influencing officials against it, condemning it in the media, or patronizing other firms.
A business whose aim is to maximize its profits is not likely to act out of a sense of social responsibility although its activities will probably be legal. Only businesses that are concerned about society as well as about maintaining profitability are likely to invest voluntarily in socially responsible activities. For example, the former president of Pizza Hut, Orr Gunther, implemented a program called "Book—it." This program rewarded children with a free pizza for reading a certain number of books. Such a business may win the trust and respect of its customers and in the long run will increase profits.
In order to succeed, a business must determine what customers and society want or expect in terms of social responsibility. Although social responsibility may seem an abstract idea, managers consider it on a daily basis as they deal with real issues. A business must monitor changes and needs in society in order to behave in a socially responsible way.
The article mainly focuses on
A．how to do business.
B．the business' social responsibility.
C．what customers and society want.
D．cultural and social responsibility.
第9题
•Read the article below about responsibility.
•For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.
Business and Social Responsibility
Today more and more people believe that business should play an active role in improving society and solving social problems. For example, we expect that businesses will take care not to pollute the air we breathe or the water we drink. We also expect them to offer fair wages and employee benefits and to provide a satisfactory product or service at a reasonable price. Many companies recognize this and have stated publicly that they will act as a good citizen. They support local arts, build parks, raise funds for charities, and try to put back some of their profits into the community that has made their success possible.
A good reason for businesses to be socially responsible is that society gives business organizations the right to exist. A social setting or environment, with its laws, customs, and other social and cultural norms, allows businesses to form. and function. It is only right for businesses to participate in making the community in which they operate a better place.
To be socially responsible also benefits businesses. In many cases, a company will make greater profits in the long run if it considers benefits to society. Customers actually vote for products and companies when they make a purchase. If a product is of good quality and priced fairly, they will probably buy it more than once. But when customers find out that a manufacturer produces only inferior or shoddy products that cheat them out of their money, they may become so angry that they will never purchase another of their products. Consumers may also shun firms that pollute the environment or engage in unethical practices by not buying their products. When enough people believe a business no longer serves society's best interests, they may pressure the firm into its doom by boycotting its goods or services, influencing officials against it, condemning it in the media, or patronizing other firms.
A business whose goal is to maximize profits is not likely to act out of a sense of social responsibility although its activity will probably be legal. Only businesses that are concerned about society as well as about maintaining profitability are likely to invest voluntarily in socially responsible activities. For example, the former president of Pizza Hut, Orr Gunther, implemented a program called "Book-it." This program rewarded children with a free pizza for reading a certain number of books. Such a business may win the trust and respect of its customers andin the long run increase profits.
To be successful, a business must determine what customers and society want or expect in terms of social responsibility. Although .social responsibility may seem an abstract idea, managers consider it on a daily basis as they deal with real issues. A business must monitor changes and needs in society in order to behave in a .socially responsible way.
The passage mainly focuses on ______.
A．doing business
B．social responsibility
C．what customers and society want
D．cultural and social norms
第10题
？For each question 15--20, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
The company might decide to ignore market segment differences and go for the whole market with one market offer. This approach focuses on what is common in the needs of consumers rather than on what is difficult. Product and marketing programs are designed to appeal to most buyers. Mass distribution and mass advertising are relied on. An example of undifferentiated marketing would be the launch of a new chocolate bar targeted at everyone. This approach provides cost economics. Production, inventory and transportation costs are kept low by the single product line. Similarly, advertising, market research and product management costs are kept low. However, most modern marketers have strong doubts about this strategy. It is very difficult to develop a product or brand that will satisfy all customers. Heavy competition will usually be attracted and therefore margins will often be low.
A company may decide to target several market segments and design separate offers for each. General Motors tries to produce a car for every 'purse, purpose and personality'. By establishing a strong position in several segments, consumers’ overall identification with the company will be strengthened and therefore provide a better chance of repeat purchasing. Differentiated marketing typically creates more total sales than undifferentiated marketing. But the production and marketing costs are increased. In some cases, 'over segmentation' can Occur and a company may try to broaden its base. For example, the target market for Johnson ' & Johnsen’s baby shampoo was broadened to include adults. Many countries see a third possibility that is especially appealing when company resources are limited. Instead of going for a small share of a large market, the firm goes for a large share of a submarket. Many examples of concentrated marketing can be found. In computers Sinclair targeted the bottom end of the home computer market； in cars, Saab focuses on the luxury sports car market; in clothes, Laura Ashley originally targeted a distinct segment of the women’s clothes market.
Through this approach, a strong market position can be achieved, operating costs can be kept low and, if targeted well, the firm can earn a high rate of return on its investment. At the same time, higher than normal risks are involved. The particular market segment can tarn sour； larger competitors may well enter the same segment with many more marketing resources. For these reasons, many companies prefer to diversify in several segments.
In terms of application, many factors must be considered when choosing one of the above strategies. When a firm's resources are limited, concentrated marketing make the most sense. Undifferentiated marketing is more suited when the product is homogeneous like grapefruit or steel. The product's stage in its life cycle must also be considered. When a new product is introduced, it is often practical to launch just one version and in that case undifferentiated or concentrated marketing makes the most sense. Differentiated marketing is more applicable to more mature products. Finally, competitors~ marketing strategies are important.
According to the first paragraph, what the main advantage does undifferentiated marketing have？
A．Costs are low.
B．The products can meet all customers' needs.
C．It is very good for competition.
D．The products are more attractive.
