When something bad happens on you, what you should do is to compensate, or replace it, or

"The boss is a jerk. " These words are used here to show________.

A．how some bosses act displeasingly

B．how optimists explain some bad events

C．how pessimists think about the unhappy things around them

D．how the writer suggests people should do when facing something unpleasant

"The boss is a jerk. " These words are used here to show ______.

A．how some bosses act displeasingly

B．how optimists explain some bad events

C．how pessimists think about the unhappy things around them

D．how the writer suggests people should do when facing something unpleasant

ain, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form. bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form. bad habits as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined（毁坏） by them. There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on. Among the habits which children should not form. are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older person often form. habits which should have been avoided. We should keep from all these bad habits, and try to form. such habits as will be good for ourselves and others.

1）.（）are formed little by little.

A、Good habits

B、Bad habits

C、Both good habits and bad habits

D、Either good habits or bad habits

2）.Generally speaking, it's difficult for one（） and easy for him（） which should be avoided.

A、to form. bad habits, to form. good habits

B、to form. good habit, to form. bad habits

C、to form. such habits as will be good, to get rid of bad habits

D、to get rid of bad habits, to form. good habits

3）.The last word, "them", in the first paragraph refers to（）.

A、good habits

B、bad habits

C、children

D、older persons

4）.Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits？（）

A、Because habits are of great help to every one Of us.

B、Because a man can never get rid of a habit.

C、Because we are forced to do them again and again.

D、Because it's hard and even not possible to throw away bad habits.

5）.According to the passage, early rising（）.

A、is such a habit as should have been avoided

B、has something to do with success

C、is an easily formed habit

D、is such a habit as will be kept

t as mysterious as it sounds. Most of the time, that something special is the sheer determination to' maintain positive habits of success. Do you want to join the ranks of highly effective managers？ You can start with these seven proven career boosters.

1. Increase your self-discipline

If you are like most people, you find it easy to do a good job when you are in high spirits. The real test comes when you are not feeling motivated or particularly energetic. Are these good enough reasons to snap at customers or behave like a nasty martyr at work？ No!

As a manager, like it or not, you are a role model. You set the standard when it comes to personal behavior, so make sure that standard is high. A moment of impulsiveness can tear down years of hard work when it comes to your career and reputation.

2. Show consistent kindness

Good managers don't throw their weight around or rely on intimidation to get results. Do you？ Any job—especially management positions—involves the support and assistance of others. You can't perform. effectively as a one-man band. Thus, it is foolish to burn bridges and keep off co-workers.

3. Stretch goals

What if the following words came out of an airplane loudspeaker: "Folks, I have good news and bad news. The bad news is we have lost our direction finder and one engine. The good news is we have a tail wind, so wherever we're going we will get there at a rate of 600 miles an hour," The bad news certainly outweighs the good, right？ So it is with your career. Without goals that are clear in your mind—goals to which you are firmly committed—your career flight plan is tragically flawed. Working at a quick pace does not amount to much if you don't have a clear vision of the end result you are striving to achieve.

4. Welcome criticism

Criticism may sting, but you must embrace feedback and not avoid it. After all, how else will you know what to improve upon？ Don't fool yourself into thinking other opinions don't matter. In the business world, your credibility and reputation play a key role in how far—and how quickly—you move ahead. Soliciting input from others always leaves you with a clearer view of your blind spots. Becoming defensive and hostile when faced with constructive criticism will insulate you from the truth and greatly limit your potential.

5. Be a solution-finder, not a problem-identifier

It takes no particular talent to find fault, but many behave as though their "gift" must be shared again and again. You may know people at work who constantly nit-pick about company decisions. These professional problem-identifiers generally get stuck mid-way up the career ladder. Choosing to criticize or blame your superiors for their decisions shows great disloyalty and sets a lousy example for your staff. You have a duty to stand behind the powers, regardless of whether or not you agree whole-heartedly with their decisions. Do you have to suffer in silence when you disagree violently with something at work？ Not at all. You can develop the habit of criticizing positively by recommending a more perfect solution.

6. Show boundless enthusiasm

Enthusiasm is contagious, and successful managers realize the effect their attitude has on their mood and productivity. Const

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

听力原文： Speaker One

Woman: I work as a secretary in my company. I like my job very much because I have a terrific boss. He is CEO of the company. He works hard and efficiently. He is a warm-hearted and honest man. I believe he is an excellent boss and outstanding leader. He inspires me a lot and I like to work for him and the company.

Speaker Two

Man: I am an engineer of the company. This job is interesting and challenging because you will never know what your next project might be. I like my job not only for itself but also for my interest.

Speaker Three

Woman: I'm a lawyer. I work very long hours-ten hours a day is quite normal. And if something important comes up I'm often in the office until eight or nine in the evening. Or I take my work home. The other bad thing is that I don't have much holiday-only 20 days a year. Anyway, I do like my job.

Speaker Four

Man: One week I work from 6 in the morning to 2 in the afternoon, the next week from 2 in the afternoon to 10 in the evening and the third week from 10 in the evening until 6 in the morning. I quite like my job. I don't mind getting up early and I love finishing at two in the afternoon. And I get a lot of time off between shifts.

But there is something I don't like about my job. The pay's not too good.

Speaker Five

Woman: I'm a secretary. I work in R&D. I do like my job. I don't just sit at my desk and write reports. I have a lot of contact with our clients, and I enjoy that.

My journey is terrible. It takes me an hour to get to work. And then we have flexitime. But it's not very flexible because I'm always in minus at the end of the month. So I have to stay in the office even if there's no work. I'd prefer to work when there's something to do and go home when there isn't.

？You will hear five different people talking about their jobs.

？For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, decide what their jobs are from the list A-H. For Task Two, choose the attitudes of the speakers towards their jobs from the list A-H.

？After you have listened once, replay the recording.

Task One-Jobs

？For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the jobs, listed A- H.

？For each extract, decide what the job the speaker is talking about.

？Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.

A lawyer

B manager

C secretary of boss

D driver

E engineer

F secretary of R & D

G accountant

H shift supervisor

？ You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing(引人注意的)events slow down our perception of the world around us.

Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while you're waiting, then suddenly switches back,you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialling tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed.

To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly i second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds.

In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects' right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long.

Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events.

Last year, Kielan Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is.

Yarrow's results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.

After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that ______.

A．the world around you had slowed down

B．something bad was going to happen

C．life had suddenly become meaningless

D．people's life was so fragile

everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. If people go "Dutch treat", or simply "go Dutch", it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement.

There are many other "Dutch" expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used "Dutch" to refer to something bad, cheap and sham. A "Dutch bar- gain" at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; "Dutch reckoning" was an unitemized account; and "Dutch widow" was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in "Dutch courage", for bravery induced by drink; "Dutch concert", for discordant music; "Dutch nightingale", meaning a frog; and "double Dutch", for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk.

Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some "Dutch" expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the Ger- man. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between "Dutch" and "Deutsch" (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, "the Pennsylvania Dutch" refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.

If someone invites you to dinner and says "let's go Dutch", he means ______.

A．that he'll invite you to a Dutch restaurant.

B．That he'll buy your dinner.

C．That you'll buy his dinner.

D．That you are expected to pay your own meal.

From the time we were babies we have been taught our manners.(从婴儿时开始我们就被教以礼貌规矩。) We are taught how to hold a knife and a fork and not to talk with our mouths full. We are taught how to shake hands and when to stand and when to sit and the way to introduce people.

Sometimes good manners in one place are very bad manners somewhere else. Almost everywhere eating together means that you are very friendly to each other. But in parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. They politely turn their backs on each other when they are taking food.

Some East Africans spit four times as a kind of blessing(祝福). They do it to show that they want a sick person to get well, or to bless a new born baby. In most other places, spitting means just something completely different. It's something to do to show that you hate someone.

When we go to visit someone we say "Hello" and "How are you" and things like that. If you were visiting an East African village, everyone would be very careful not to pay any attention to you. The polite thing there would be for you to go quietly, without speaking to anyone, and sit beside your friend. You would wait until he had finished what he was doing and then he would begin talking to you.

In a village in Arab, a visitor walks behind all the tents until he gets to the one he wants to visit. If he passed in front，he would be invited into each tent and asked to eat. It was rude to refuse.

1.We have been taught________.

A.it's bad manners to stand and to sit

B.it's good manners to hold a knife and a fork

C.it's good manners not to talk with our mouths full

D.how to shake hands when we introduce people

2.In parts of Polynesia it's not polite________.

A.to be eating alone

B.to stand eating

C.to be seen eating

D.to take food away

3.In most places，spitting means________.

A.a kind of blessing

B.you want a sick person to get well

C.you give a new-born baby the blessing

D.you hate someone

4.If you visit an East African village, you________.

A.had better say "Hello" or "How are you" to others

B.will keep quiet and not to speak to anyone

C.should be very careful and not to pay any attention to others

D.must wait until the villagers have finished their work and then begin to talk to them

5.If you pass in front of the tents in Arab, ________.

A.you would be invited in and eat in each tent

B.you just refuse to go into the tent

C.you can walk behind all the tents

D.you can't get to the one you want to visit

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit？ The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.＜br＞

Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.＜br＞

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits,it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.＜br＞

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures,and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later,they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.＜br＞

The study confirms that theresponses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.＜br＞

We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.＜br＞

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

听力原文：M: Hi, Christi, I brought you some tea.

W: Thanks, Mark. Too bad it' s not apple tea, like in Turkey.

M: Yeah, too bad! You really liked living in Turkey, didn't you？

W: Yeah, it was great. Turkish people are so warm and generous.

M: How do you like the food in Turkey, Christi？

W: Oh, the food was fantastic ! But you know what I couldn't get used to？ How much people expected me to eat, I gained so much weight while I was living there!

M: Yes, it' s so polite to be generous. We think people aren' t polite if they don' t offer a lot of food.

W: I know. I also learned that it' s not polite for the guest to accept the offer of food at first.

M: Yes, that' s definitely tree! If you' re the guest, you must refuse the first two offers of food.

W: The first time I had dinner at a Turkish home, I felt rode refusing food. So I ate everything. And I kept on eating. . , and eating. Every time the host offered me something, I ate it.

M: Do you know how to stop the host from offering you food？ You must leave some food on your plate. That way the host knows that yon' re full.

W: Oh, is that the trick？ In the United States, we usually eat everything. You don' t want the host to think that you don' t like the food.

M: That is a difference. You know what happened to me the first time I had dinner at an American home？ When my hostess offered me a second helping of food, I said" no" the first time, to be polite. But she didn't offer again! I was still hungry when I left the house!

W: Americans think it' s not polite to insist. We don' t want to force you to eat more if you don' t want more. So if you say" no" the first time, we believe what you say and we don' t offer again.

M: I learned that lesson the hard way. Now if someone asks me if I want something, I say "yes" the frost time -- even though I feel rude.

W: Would you like something to eat？

M: No, no, I am not hungry.

W: Ha, ha.

Where are each of the two speakers from possibly？

A．The man is from the United States and the woman is from Turkey.

B．The man is from Turkey and the woman is from the United States.

C．Both are from the United States.

D．Both are from Turkey.