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Paragraph 2__________ 查看材料
A.Paying to get in
B.Changing work practice
C.Not doing enough
D.A solution which is no solution
E.Closing city centres to traffic
F.A global problem
答案
更多“Paragraph 2__________ 查看材料A.Paying to get inB.Chang”相关的问题
第2题
Architecture
Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed worD．The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history, of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
The renaissance brought about an entirely new age not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted, They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined now, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulate experiences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all bad important effects.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
A．Building materials
B．Need of greater building varieties in modern life
C．Restoration of ancient Civilizations
D．Evolution in style
E．Factors affecting modern architecture
F．A social art
第3题
Global Warming
1．Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse （温室） effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.
2．This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem,Bedin, where top atmosphedc scientists got together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）.
3．IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols （浮质） of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight
and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide （二氧化物） emissions. Until now,they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cuttingincreases by 0.2oC． So the 0.6oC of warming over the past century would have been0.8oC without aerosols.
4．But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher--aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8oC． If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.
5．As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change", the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
第4题
Earthquake
1．Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world．Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe．Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quakes itself．An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself,0ther damages result from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake．
2．There are about a million quakes a year．Fortunately，however，not all of them are destructive．The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale，which goes from zero upwarD．The highest scale recorded to date is 8. 9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.
3. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth' s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.
4. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.
5. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etC． The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special, pattern before major earthquakes happen.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
A．Earthquake forecast
B．Historical records of earthquakes
C．Intensities of earthquakes
D．Cause of earthquakes
E．Indications of earthquakes
F．Damaging earthquakes
第5题
Friendly Relations with the People Around
1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.
2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.
5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
第6题
Paris
1. Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20 of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.
2．Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national Capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the "country during the 19th century.The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.
3. The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broad- casting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book-publishing .center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the worlD．The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.
4. In the late 1980s about 4. 1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5. 4 million students attended some 11, 200 secondary schools. Approximately 1. 2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.
5. Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area, lndustries of consumer goods have at ways been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and" electrical equipment
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
A．History of the city
B．Industries of the city
C．Population growth
D．Education
E．cultural center
F．Immigration
第7题
Is There a Way to Keep the Britain’s Economy Growing？
1 In today’s knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best.Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques．The French serve，the best food and Americans make computers．
2 Britain specializes in the gift of talking．The nation doesn’t manufacture much of anything．But it has lawyers，stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk talk and more talk．The World Foundation think tank says the UK’s four iconic jobs today are not scientists，engineers，teachers and nurses．Instead，they’re hairdressers，celebrities，management consultants and managers．But can all this talking keep the British economy going？The British government thinks it can．
3 Although the country’s trade deficit was more than ￡ 60 billion in 2006，UK’s largest in the postwar period，officials say the country has nothing to worry about．In fact，Britain does have a world—class pharmaceutical industry？and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad．It also trades services—accountancy，insurance，banking and advertising．The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy．After all，me country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud．Rock‘n’roll is an English language medium，and there are billions to be made by their cutting—edge bands．In other words，the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy．
4 However，creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK’s exports of goods and services．The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science，Technology and the Arts The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in”innovation activities”，3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany（61 percent）and Sweden（47 percent）．
5 In fact，it might be better to call Britain a“servant”economy—there are at least 4 minion people“in service"．The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook，clean，and take care of their children．Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree．Most employment growth has been，and will continue to be，at the low—skill end of the service sector—in shops，bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes．
第 41 题 Paragraph 2_________
第8题
根据下列材料请回答 23～30 题：
Ways to Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution
1 A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution．It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster．The report was published by the UK’S Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution．But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution？ Quite a lot，it turns out．
2 Avoid walking in busy streets．Choose side streets and parks instead．Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust furies(废气)．Also don’t walk behind smokers．Walk on the windward(顶风的)side of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(顺风的)side．
3 Sifting on the driver'S side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent，compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement．Sifting upstairs on a double—decked(双层电车)can reduce exposure．It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus．Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic(有毒的)than that at street level，because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails，while diesel(柴油机)and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants．
4 When you are crossing a road，stand well back from the curb(路缘)while you wait for the light to change。Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic．As the traffic begins to move，fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds。So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference，even though it might sound silly．
5 There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours．Pollution levels fall during nighttime．The time of year also makes a big difference．Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest．Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build—up of pollutants．
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
A When you get up
B Where you stand while waiting to cross a road
C Where you walk
D Where you sit on a bus and how you travel
E When you go to bed
F When pollution levels rise and fall
第9题
Stanford University
1．Stanford University, famous as one of northern California's several institutions higher learning, is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West"．The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.
2．The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States． But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here as well.．And standards for admission remain high．Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.
3．Not only because of the high caliber (素质，才干) of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world's most respected scholars．The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr．Felix Bloch,Dr．Robert Hofstadter, and Dr．William Shockley in physics, Dr．Author Kornberg and Dr． Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr．Paul J．Flory and Dr．Linus Pauling in chemistry．The Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenistsyn has been in residence． Stanford's undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.
4．What is student life like on "the Farm"？ Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities．Plays, concerts, and operas are performed, in the university's several .auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held．Several film series are presented during the school year．Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus: In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union's coffee house; here the beverages (饮料) and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor．For the sports-minded, the Sranford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities．Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture．So are bicycling and jogging.
5．In addition to financial support from alumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic (慈善的) foundations．In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy．At present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant．Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
A．Colorful life on the campus
B．Intelligent student body
C．School administration
D．Distinguished faculty
E．Substantial financial support
F．The Harvard of the West
第10题
Write the verbs in the correct form. of the Present Simple.(用括号中所给动词的一般现在时形式填空。)
Alex 1_________ (be) 21 years old.He 2_________ (live) in the South of Italy, in a small city called Lecce and he 3_________ (work) in a bank.He’s got one brother but he 4_________ (have not got) any sisters.His parents 5_________ (be) doctors.He 6_________ (get up) at half past seven every day, 7_________ (have) a shower, gets dressed and walks to work.He 8_________ (not go) to work on Saturdays or Sundays.
第11题
根据材料请回答 23～30 题
Intelligence.was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.Its value there- fore, was as a predictor of children's future learning.If they differed markedly in their a-bility to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting chil-dren for different types of secondary education.
Today, we are beginning to think differently.In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very na-ture of intelligence itself.There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influ-ence of environment both on achievement and intelligence.Children with poor home back-grounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their perform-ance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.
There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment.We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment.Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.
Two major findings have emerged from these researches.Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four.Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psycho- logical aspects of the parent-child relationship.Much of the difference in measured intelli- gence between "privileged" and" disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter' s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.
These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of in-telligence.Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment.These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.
The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system.In one respect a change is already occurring.With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IO" which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, .if not socie-ty's eyes.The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way as we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
