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[主观题]

Mankind uses methods both primitive and complex to protect what he holds dear.Today,twenty-first cen

tury technology safeguards our most precious possessions.Night vision cameras and infrared sensors seek out intruders.Computers measure the minute details of fingers,eyes and faces to ensure positive identification.Three dimensional holograms verify the authenticity of valuables from currency to fine cigars.Invisible electronic tags identify and track valuable works of art.But even the most sophisticated machines rely on the skill and honesty of their human masters.

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发布时间：2020-07-12

更多“Mankind uses methods both primitive and complex to protect what he holds dear.Today,twenty-first cen”相关的问题

第1题

The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with __

____.

A．a lot of difficulties

B．efforts to improve housing condition

C．pressure of the basic needs

D．new models and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods

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第2题

Senior manager often uses methods, such as memos or notes in order ______.A．to delegate th

Senior manager often uses methods, such as memos or notes in order ______.

A．to delegate the task to his subordinates

B．that he can close up the gap between him and staff

C．to communicate as effectively as he can

D．to save time and make communication possible

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第3题

Using a full range of colors and all sorts of painting styles, Mahatir has shown there is

no end to the______of methods he uses to grasp our attention.

A．knowledge

B．creation

C．diversity

D．universe

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第4题

According to the professor, what is the primary advantage of spectroscopy over other labor

atory methods for analyzing artworks？

A．It does not damage the artworks.

B．It provides a more accurate analysis than other methods do.

C．It uses equipment that can be transferred to other locations.

D．It can be used by individuals with little scientific training.

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第5题

听力原文： Today I will continue my discussion of the behaviorist school of psychology, and

tell you what I feel about some problems related to behaviorism. The psychologist wishes to know human behavior. and human mind. He or she must therefore design methods of investigating human beings when they actually live. The behaviorist school of psychology, however, has done almost all of its studies under laboratory conditions. Behaviorism seems to want the respectability of natural science, but it uses the methods of fifty years ago. Moreover, behaviorist studies often do not make any great contributions, but the author will cover this up with mathematical tables and statistics which are not important for the study. To investigate human behavior. in a more natural setting is difficult, I admit. Nevertheless, there are at least two ways to conduct such a task.

According to the speaker, what are the problems related to behaviorism？

A．The behaviorist school of psychology has done its studies under laboratory conditions.

B．Behaviorism uses the update methods.

C．Mathematical tables and statistics are not very useful.

D．All of the above.

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第6题

In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvati

on, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster—unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent on todays figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of the world will have to step up their production of food by at least two percent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being changed into industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll (损失). Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manners of climate conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics (水栽法), as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries; already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business, now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or ploughing, and no weeding to speak of. Yields can be far higher than they are in soil.

Which of the following best sums up the whole passage？

A．Malthus" prediction has been proved to be correct by modern experts.

B．Hydroponics is a new development in agriculture.

C．Hydroponics may be the answer to the world food shortage in the future.

D．Conventional methods of agriculture should be improved so as to step up food production by two percent every year.

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第7题

听力原文： Today I will continue my discussion of. the behaviorist school of psychology, a

nd tell you what I feel about some problems related to behaviorism. The psychologist wishes to know human behavior. and human mind. He or she must therefore design methods of investigating human beings when they actually live. The behaviorist school of psychology, however, has done almost all of its studies under laboratory conditions. Behaviorism seems to want the respectability Of natural science, but it uses the methods of fifty years ago. Moreover, behaviorist studies often do not make any great contributions, but the author will cover this up with mathematical tables and statistics which are not important for the study. To investigate human behavior. in a more natural setting is difficult, I admit. Nevertheless, there are at least two ways to conduct such a task.

According to the speaker, what are the problems related to behaviorism？

A．The behaviorist school of psychology has done its studies under laboratory conditions.

B．Behaviorism uses the update methods.

C．Mathematical tables and statistics are not very useful.

D．All of the above.

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第8题

听力原文：Experts say some fanning activities are seriously damaging Earth's environment. B

听力原文： Experts say some fanning activities are seriously damaging Earth's environment. Bad farming methods can damage soil, forests and water supplies. They also have caused some plants and animals to disappear.

Two groups now say that bad farming methods are threatening the ability of farmers to produce enough food to feed the world population in the future.

The groups used satellite images, maps and modern equipment to study the effect of agriculture on the environment.

The study found that the destruction of soil is widespread, Important organic nutrients are being removed from farmland.

Agriculture uses 70 percent of the freshwater in the world each year. The study found that many farmers are wasting water supplies. In addition, chemicals designed to protect crops may pollute waterways.

The report also says as much as 30 percent of the world's forests have been cut down so the land could be used for agriculture. This has led to a severe loss of wildlife and their environments.

(30)

A．Soil.

B．Human population.

C．Forest.

D．Water.

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第9题

What is lean production？ Perhaps the best way to describe this innovative production syste

m is to contrast it with craft production and mass production, the two other methods humans have devised to make things.

The craft producer uses highly skilled workers and simple but flexible tools to make exactly what the consumer asks for — one item at a time. Custom furniture, works of decorative art, and a few exotic cars provide current-day examples. We all love the idea of craft method — as automobiles once were exclusively — cost too much for most of us to afford. So mass production was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century as an alternative.

The mass-producer uses narrowly skilled professionals to design products made by unskilled or semiskilled workers tending expensive, single purpose machines. These churn out standardized products in very high volume. Because the machinery costs so much and it is so intolerant of disruption, the mass-producer adds many buffers -- extra supplies, extra workers, and extra space — to assure smooth production. Because changing over to a new product costs even more, the mass-producer keeps standard designs in production for as long as possible. The result: the consumer gets lower costs but at the expense of variety and by means of work methods that most employees find boring and dispiriting.

The lean producer, by contrast, combines the advantages of craft and mass production, while avoiding the high cost of the former and the rigidity of the latter.

Toward this end, lean producers employ teams of multiskilled workers at levels of the organization and use highly flexible, increasingly automated machines to produce volumes of products in enormous variety.

Lean production is "lean" because it uses less of everything compared with mass production, half the human effort in the factory, half the manufacturing space, half the investment in tools, half the engineering hours to develop a new product in half the time. Also, it requires keeping far less than half the needed inventory on site, results in much fewer defects, and produces a greater and ever growing variety products.

About the craft production, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？

A．It used highly skilled workers.

B．It produced expensive goods.

C．It was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century.

D．It used flexible machines to make what the buyer asked for.

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第10题

The world has spent on preparations for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $ 450 p

er head for every man, woman, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of conversion from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let as begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food. At present, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and, in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in coming decades. Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large regions now desert could be made fertile, and, by improvement in transport, distribution from :regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be made with ease.

Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disastrously inadequate. This could be remedied by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that Which it receives at present. But it is not only greater expenditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual slaughter(屠杀), and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote hatred of possible enemies by means of ignorance tempered by lies.

By the help of modern techniques, the world could enter upon a period of happiness and prosperity far surpassing anything known in previous history. All this is possible. It requires only a different outlook on international affairs and a different state of mind toward those nations which are now regarded as enemies. This is possible, I repeat, but it cannot be done all at once. To reverse the trend of affairs in the most powerful nations of the world is no light task and will require a difficult process of re-education.

The problem of undernourishment will become more critical because ______.

A．the world has spent a great deal on preparations for war

B．wealthy nations such as America would rather let surplus grain being uselessly destroyed than use it in relief of famine

C．poor irrigation system constitutes a great barrier to the agricultural development of regions of scarcity

D．the population is multiplying rapidly

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