He was immensely _______ but unable to conceive of winning power for himself.

l behavior. that sets humans completely 【B1】______ from all other animals. Language is a means of communication, 【B2】______ it is much more than that. Many animals can 【B3】______ . The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 【B4】______ other members of the hive (蜂群). But human language permits communication about anything, 【B5】______ things like unicorns (独角兽) that have never existed. The key 【B6】______ in the fact that the units of meaning, words, can be 【B7】______ together in different ways, according to 【B8】______ , to communicate different meanings.

Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing 【B9】______ humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract thoughts, 【B10】______ about the universe, the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. It is an immensely complex 【B11】______ that we take for granted. Indeed, we are not aware of most 【B12】______ of our speech and under standing. Consider what happens when one person is speaking to 【B13】______ . The speaker has to translate thoughts into 【B14】______ language. Brain imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the 【B15】______ of speech is extremely fast, only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the sounds to 【B16】______ out what the speaker means. He must use the sounds of speech to 【B17】______ the words spoken, understand the pattern of 【B18】______ of the words (sentences), and finally 【B19】______ the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 【B20】______ started, it is of course a continuous process.

【B1】

A．apart

B．off

C．up

D．down

A.are forms of biological development

B.have actually developed from hunting

C.are essentially forms of taming the prey .

D.have changed the ways of hunting

essentially modified forms of hunting behaviour. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey (猎物) into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.

To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving (进化) as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.

Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.

The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequencer but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival, to be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.

第26题：The author believes that sporting activities ________.

A) are forms of biological development

B) are essentially forms of taming the prey

C) have actually developed from hunting

D) have changed the ways of hunting

h the centre. Language is the most astonishingbehavior. in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior. that setshumans completely 67 from all other animals. Language is a means ofcommunication, 68 it is much more than that. Many animals can 69.The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 70 othermembers of the hive (蜂群). But human languagepermits communication about anything, 71 things like unicorns (独角兽) that have never existed. The key 72 in the fact that theunits of meaning, words, can be 73 together in different ways, accordingto 74 , to communicate different meanings. Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing 75 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract thoughts, 76 about the universe, the mind, love, dreams,or ordering a drink. It is an immensely complex 77 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are notaware of most 78 of our speech and understanding. Consider whathappens when one person is speaking to 79 The speaker has to translate thoughts into 80 language. Brain imaging studies suggest thatthe time from thoughts to the 81 ofspeech is extremely fast, only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the soundsto 82 out what the speaker means. He must use thesounds of speech to 83 the words spoken, understand the pattern of 84 of the words (sentences), and finally 85 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, aminimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 86 started, it is of course a continuous process. A．apart

A.off

B.up

C.down

A.a contradiction

B.a suggestion

C.a surprise

D.a hypothesis

Why is each single-author book immensely particular according to the passage？

A．Because it enriches and restructures our knowledge in its own way.

B．Because it puts together the particular stories we need.

C．Because it tells single-handedly how we should perform.

D．Because it helps to make the map for our travel in particular places.

tion, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named Peter J. MeGuire. A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners(UBCJ). Approaching the City's Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud the industrial spirit- "the great vital force of every nation, "On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit ,as an estimated 10, 000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses' warnings, left work to march from Union Square up Fifth Avenue to the 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.

The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers' respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of" progress and poverty. "In a society, in which factory owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to" wage slavery" and anarchists singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite, middle of-the-roarers like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: a one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.

Judging from the passage, McGuire was ______.

A．a moderate labor leader

B．an extreme-anarchist in the labor movement

C．a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man

D．a firm anti-capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery

(Passage 2, Lines 2-3, Para. 2)

In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.

ation, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish - American labor leader named Peter J. Mcgurie. A carpenter by trade, Mcguire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners(UBCJ). Approaching the City' s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud(~)"the industrial spirit--the great vital force of every nation," On September 5th his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses' warnings ,left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.

The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers' respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of "progress and poverty." In a society in which factory owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti - capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to "wage, slavery" and anarchists(无政府主义)singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite(炸药), middle -of- the roaders like Samuel. Gompers and Mcguire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.

Judging from the passage Mcgnire was ______.

A．a moderate labor leader

B．an extreme -anarchist in the labor movement

C．a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man

D．a firm anti - capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery

nd parades of today’s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named peter J. McGuire. A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ). Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud (赞许)“the industrial spirit-the great vital force of every nation,” On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.

The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty.” In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists (无政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite (炸药), middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.

第56题：Judging from the passage, McGuire was ________.

A) a moderate labor leader

B) an extreme-anarchist in the labor movement

C) a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man

D) a firm anti-capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery

Charlie Chaplin

He was born in a poor area of South London. He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks. His mother was temporarily declared mad. Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood. But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.

Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth. Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.

Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude". Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working- class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear. All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class. English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that. Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it？ But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.

Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp. He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality. He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world. But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.

He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars. His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master. He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along. "It can't be me. Is that possible？ How extraordinary, " is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.

But that shock roused his imagination. Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along. Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist. He turned them into other kinds of objects. Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts offish (the nails being removed like fish bones). This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.

He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed. The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster. Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations. The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.

It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him. In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which had seemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man？ "— Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside. As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.

Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977． A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money. The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many.