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[主观题]

Aging is now one of the biggest challenges our society is facing. Experts in various field

s put forward their proposals to solve this problem. As a responsible young man, you definitely want to help deal with the problem. Write a composition of about 400 words to state your idea on what we should do now to handle the problem. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support your thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

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发布时间：2019-07-20

更多“Aging is now one of the biggest challenges our society is facing. Experts in various field”相关的问题

第1题

Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s

ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage one Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage Aging happens to all of us ,and is generylly thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease".on the other hand,scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease,cancer and many more. in that light,aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist alex zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. he said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. "It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制药的)industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects, "he said。 "Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control "he said. "in academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. the medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range." But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "it would attract funding and change the way we do health care. what matters is understanding that aging is curable. " "it was always known that the body accumulates damage, "he added. "the only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. i think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. Leonard hayflick, a professor at the university of califomia, san francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. hayflick is not among them. " There 're many people who recover from cancer, stroke or heart disease. but they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " said."even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years." what do people generally believe about aging？ A. it should cause no alarm whatsoever.

B.they just cannot do anything about it.

C.it should be regarded as a kind of disease

D.they can delay it with advances in science

how do many scientists view aging now？A.it might be prevented and treated

B.it can be as risky as heart disease

C.results from a vitamin deficiency

D.it is an irreversible biological proces

what do we learn about the medical community？A.They now have a strong interest in research on aging

B.they differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.

C.they can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.

D.they have ways to intervene in people's aging process

what does alex zhavoronkov think ofdescribing aging as a discase？A.it will prompt people to take aging more seriously.

B.it will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging

C.it will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging

D.it will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging

what does professor leonard hayflick believe？A.the human lifespan cannot be prolonged.

B.aging is hardly separable from disease

C.few people live up to the age of 92

D.heart disease is the major cause of aging

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第2题

Which statement is NOT true according to the authors？A．There are now more age-related dise

Which statement is NOT true according to the authors？

A．There are now more age-related diseases.

B．Health care costs are on the rise.

C．A systematic attack on aging is needed.

D．Too little has been done to extend life.

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第3题

根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。 High Stress May Damage Memory A ccording to a report i

根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。

High Stress May Damage Memory

A ccording to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistency high blood levels of cortisol(皮质醇)don’t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more．high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区)，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．

The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．

The study results” now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的)stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans。”write Nada Porter and Philip Land field．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺)，which sit on top of the kidneys(肾)．

Over a 5-to 6-year period，Dr．Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of whom were in their 70s．

The researchers tested the volunteers’memory on six people in the increasin9/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group．The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory，but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group．

The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14%lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group，although there were no differences in other brain regions．

The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的)and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging，”write Porter and Land field．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of{he hippocampus．”

第 41 题 Which of the following plays a key role in one’s learning and memory？

A．The kidneys．

B．The adrenal glands．

C．The stress hormone．

D．The hippocampus．

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第4题

45 Which statement is NOT true according to the authors？A There are now more age-related d

45 Which statement is NOT true according to the authors？

A There are now more age-related diseases.

B Health care costs are on the rise.

C Too little has been done to extend life.

D A systematic attack on aging is needed.

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第5题

Problems of the Elderly Gerontologists （老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated w

Problems of the Elderly

Gerontologists (老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic(慢性的)diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation — a condition that is likely to improve Still further as more people receive better medical care throught their lives.

Because most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U.S., which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises, thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation.

Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most manage to remain financially independent.

Income needs and health are what people consider most when they decide whether to re-tire or not. Putting an end to the limit on the retirement age is not expected to cause many workers to stay on the job if they can afford to retire. The need to relieve strains on the Social Security system, however, has led to legislation that gradually raises the age at which people can get full benefits. This might force them to work longer in the future.

Elderly people themselves often display high spirits, satisfaction with life, and feelings of self-worth. The important factors are health and income. The task of modem societies is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they can continue to function in the community.

According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT a problem of aging？

A．Gradual loss of hearing.

B．Gradual loss of courage.

C．Gradual loss of sight.

D．Gradual loss of memory.

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第6题

Problems of the ElderlyGerontologists （老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated wi

Problems of the Elderly

Gerontologists (老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic(慢性的)diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation-a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care through their lives.

Because most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U. S. , which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises, thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation.

Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most manage to remain financially independent.

Income needs and health are what people consider most when they decide whether to re-tire or not. Putting an end to the limit on the retirement age is not expected to cause many workers to stay on the job if they can afford to retire. The need to relieve strains on the Social Security System, however, has led to legislation that gradually raises the age at which people can get full benefits. This might force them to work longer in the future.

Elderly people themselves often display high spirits, satisfaction with life, and feelings of self-worth. The important factors are health and income. The task of modern societies is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they can continue to function in the community.

According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT a problem of aging？

A．Gradual loss of hearing.

B．Gradual loss of courage.

C．Gradual loss of sight.

D．Gradual loss of memory.

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第7题

How to live to 100 A growing body of research suggests that chronic illness is not an inev

How to live to 100

A growing body of research suggests that chronic illness is not an inevitable consequence of aging, but more often the result of lifestyle. choices. "People used to say, 'who would want to be 100？" says Dr. Thomas Perls, an instructor at Harvard Medical School and director of the New England Centenarian Study. "Now they’re realizing it's an opportunity." High-tech medicine isn't likely to change the outlook dramatically; drugs and surgery can do only so much to sustain a body once it starts to fail. But there is no question we can lengthen our lives while shortening our deaths. The tools already exist, and they're within virtually everyone's reach.

Life expectancy in the United States has nearly doubled since a century ago—from 47 years to 76 years. And though centenarians are still rare, they now constitute the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. Their ranks have increased 16-fold over the past six decades from 3,700 in 1940 to roughly 61,000 today. The Census Bureau projects that 1 in 9 baby boomers (9 million of the 80 million people born between 1946 and 1964) will survive into their late 90s, and that 1 in 26 (or 3 million) will reach 100. "A century ago, the odds of living that long were about one in 500," says Lynn Adler, founder of the National Centenarian Awareness Project and the author of "Centenarians: The Bonus Years." "That's how, far we've come."

If decrepitude were an inevitable part of aging, these burgeoning numbers would spell trouble. But the evidence suggests that Americans are living better, as well as longer. The disability rate among people older than 65 has fallen steadily since the early 1980s, according to Duke University demographer Kenneth Manton, and a shrinking percentage of seniors are plagued by hypertension, arteriosclerosis and dementia. Moreover, researchers have found that the oldest of the old often enjoy better health than people in their 70s. The 79 centenarians in Perls's New England study have all lived independently through their early 90s, taking an average of just one medication. And when the time comes for these hearty souls to die, they don't linger. In a 1995 study, James Lubitz of the Health Care Financing Administration calculated that medical expenditures for the last two years of life— statistically the most expensive—average ＄ 22,600 for people who die at 70, but just $ 8,300 for those who make it past 100.

These insights have spawned a revolution in the science of aging. "Until recently, there was so much preoccupation with diseases that little work was done on the characteristics that permit people to do well," says Dr. John Rowe, the New York geriatrician who heads the MacArthur Foundation's Research Network on Successful Aging. Research confirms the old saying that it pays to choose your parents well. But the way we age depends less on who we are than on how we live what we eat, how much we exercise and how we employ our minds.

The author seems to suggest that ______.

A．the aged should not go to the nursing home

B．we can lengthen our lives through high-tech medicine

C．centenarians die faster than those who are younger

D．the ever-growing Segment of centenarians has caused concern

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第8题

Taking a cell, practically any cell, from your body, the theory goes, and through appropri

ate biological tinkering(摆弄) you can cause it to grow into a duplicate of yourself—identical from eyelashes to toenails. No need for procreational(生育的) sex any more;(51) this system, you can neatly reproduce yourself without a(52). Human cloning, it is called. Science fact or science fiction？ What would happen if human cloning became a(53)？ One favorite scenario is the(54)of a new(55)of Hitlers—or Einsteins. Scientists quickly disclaim the possibility. "It is more than genetic make-up that makes an individual." Says Markert of Yale University, "We are all products of a particular(56)era and of a special environment, with so many minute things(57)the way we develop each and every day, even in the womb, that a duplicate background--and therefore a duplicate(58)could never be created."

Already biologists studying the cell's(59)workings and the various methods of cloning have made discoveries that may ultimately lead to breakthroughs(60)the fight against cancer, control of the aging process, and the conquest of more than 100 presently incurable human genetic diseases. To(61)cloning-related research would mean closing the door(62)and important area of knowledge. To continue to probe the secrets of the cell, however, is perhaps to(63)the secret of human cloning. And, given the nature of man, if it can be done it will be done. What then is the(64)？

Says Congressman Rogers: "It is clear that human cloning is not yet possible. The day when it will be—if ever—is far(65). For now, at least, the benefits of cell-biology research outweigh the risks."

A．under

B．by

C．with

D．within

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第9题

Which one of the following is the most suitable title for this passage？A．Longevity: Ought

Which one of the following is the most suitable title for this passage？

A．Longevity: Ought to be provided and provided for.

B．Old age: A few emotionally rewarding extra years.

C．How to manage an aging population.

D．To live longer: A dream that has come true.