Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our inter - 试题答案网问答

第1题

根据材料请回答 45～49 Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in l

根据材料请回答 45～49

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our in-terpersonal relationships.46 Social support consists of the exchange of resources a- mong people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难)47 .Studiesover a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of so-cial support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

48 .First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us.know that they value us.49 .Second other people.Of ten provide us with informational support. 50 .Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles.Finally, other people may give us instrumental support, financial aid, material resources, and needed services that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

A．People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties

B．They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them

C．Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties

D．Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways

E．Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of social companionship

F．One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances

第 45 题请选择（46）处的最佳答案

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第2题

To live in the United States today is to understand a scientist's claim that social change

exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical purposes, is a major source of social change.

Yet we must remind ourselves that technology is a human creation. It does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is a cultural object as much as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot, serves as the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger Space Shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl are two good examples. They provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went out of order and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.

Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert what the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolution is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.

In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential.

A Spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it______.

A．is used both as a cultural and a physical object

B．serves different purposes equally well

C．is utilized by man

D．can be of use to both man and animal

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第3题

Paragon International Since its founding 25 years ago, Paragon International is the world

s tenth largest auto maker. With the opening of two newest plants in Madrid and Barcelona, we are now inviting qualified professionals for the following position: PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGERS Responsibilities: -Travel frequently to overseas branches in Asia: Seoul, Hong Kong, and Tokyo -Attend press conferences, briefings, and other media activities -Assist in conceptualizing publicity projects Requirements: -Must be creative and innovative -Must have excellent writing and communication skills -Must have college degree in Journalism, Communication Arts, or Social Sciences -Must have at least two years work experience in a public relations firm We offer competitive salary, bonuses, incentives, car plan, and health insurance. Applicants may submit their resume with ID picture to our main office. Paragon International Human Resources Department Unit 205 Alfredo Building 5th Street, New York, NY 32156

Where is the companys head office located？

A．In Madrid

B．In Tokyo

C．In New York

D．In Barcelona

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第4题

听力原文：Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been

听力原文： Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientists studied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, Californian researchers followed 4,700 residents of Alameda County for 10 years, starting in 1965.

At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they devoted to each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social contact died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn't matter, but time spent with others was critical.

Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps emerging. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the expected rate. College students who report "strained and cold" relationships with their parents suffer extraordinary rates of hypertension and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice tile rate of those who live with others.

For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It's clear that reaching out to others can help our bodies thrive. It's equally clear that we're growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5 percent of U.S. households consisted of one person living alone. The proportion reached 13 percent in 1960, and it stands at 25 percent today. In a book entitled Bowling Alone, author Robert Putnam shows that oar social connections are disappearing on other levels, too In 1976, Americans attended an average of 12 club meetings a year. The current average is five. Card games, dinner parties and shared family meals have all followed the same pattern. We all have a good excuse we're too busy but we shouldn't be surprised when it catches up with us.

(30)

A．The key source of connections.

B．The time spent with others.

C．The kind of social contact.

D．The degree of solitude.

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第5题

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移…注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid,material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

1. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.

A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-being

B) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources

C) they help people to cope with life in the information era

D) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc

2. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.

A) relies on the social welfare systems which support them

B) has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

C) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives

3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)？

A) Adds up to. B) Does away with.

C) Lessens the effect of. D) Lays the foundation for.

4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.

A) instrumental support

B) informational support

C) social companionship

D) the strengthening of self-respect

5. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.

A) it helps strengthen our ties with relatives

B) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes

C) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable

D) it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

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第6题

To live in the Untied States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf' s assertion

that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.

Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle(挑战者号航天飞机) and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱)and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.

Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an informationbased economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.

In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it ______.

A．is used both as a cultural and a physical object

B．serves different purposes equally well

C．is utilized by man

D．can be of use to both man and animal

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第7题

The freedom to lead different types of life is reflected in the person's capacity set. The

capacity of a person depends on a variety of factors, including personal characteristics and social arrangements. A full accounting of individual freedom must, of course, go beyond the capacities of personal living and pay attention to the person's other objectives (e.g. social goals not directly related to one's own life), but human capacities constitute an important part of individual freedom.

Freedom, of course, is not an unproblematic concept. For example, if we do not have the courage to choose to live in a particular way, even though we could live that way if we so choose, can it be said that we do have the freedom to live that way, i.e. the correspondent capacity？ It is not any purpose here to brush under the carpet difficult questions of this-and-other-type. In so far as there are genuine ambiguities in the concept of freedom, that should be reflected in corresponding ambiguities in the characterization of capacity. This relates to a methodological point, which I have tried to defend elsewhere, that if an underlying idea has an essential ambiguity, a precise formulation of that idea must try to capture that ambiguity rather than hide or eliminate it.

Comparisons of freedom raise interesting issues of evaluation. The claim is sometimes made that freedom must be valued independently of the values and preferences of the person whose freedom is being assessed, since it concerns the "range" of choice a person has--not how she values the elements in that range or what she chooses from it. I do not believe for an instant that this claim is sustainable (despite some superficial plausibility), but had it been correct, it would have been a rather momentous conclusion, driving a wedge between the evaluation of achievements and that of freedom. It would, in particular, be then possible to assess the freedom of a person independently of--or prior to--the assessment of the alternatives between which the person can choose.

It is said in the passage that there are ambiguities in the characterization of capacity because ______.

A．freedom and capacity of human beings are closely related to each other

B．capacity is an underlying idea of the problematic concept of freedom

C．human capacity depends on personal characteristics and social arrangements

D．we could never actually get the correspondent capacity in reality

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第8题

Passage OneQuestions 17 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.听力原文：Passag

Passage One

Questions 17 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

听力原文：

Passage One I first met Joe Gans when we were both nine years old, which is probably the

only reason he’s one of my best friends. If I had first met Joe as a freshman in high

school, we wouldn’t even have had the chance to get to know each other. Joe is a day

student, but I am a boarding student. We haven’t been in the same classes, sports, or

extracurricular activities.

Nonetheless, I spend nearly every weekend at his house and we talk on the phone every

night. This is not to say that we would not have been compatible if we had first met in our

freshman year. Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know

each other due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests. In fact, to be honest,

I struggle even now to think of things we have in common. But maybe that’s what makes us

enjoy each other’s company so much. When I look at my friendship with Joe, I wonder how

many people I’ve known whom I never disliked, but simply didn’t take the time to get to

know. Thanks to Joe, I have realized how little basis there is for the social divisions

that exist in every community. Since this realization, I have begun to make an even more

determined effort to find friends in unexpected people and places.

Questions 17to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

17. Why does the speaker say Joe Gans became one of his best friends？

A.They shared mutual friends in school.

B.They had many interests in common.

C.They shared many extracurricular activities.

D.They had known each other since childhood.

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第9题

New York - the Melting PotRecently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report

New York - the Melting Pot

Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born off springs of immigrants3. So immigrants and their children now form. a majority of the city's population.

Who are these New Yorkers？ Why do they come here？ Where are they from？ (OK, time to drop the "they". I'm one of them.) The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 source nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and the former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. "If you're not ready to work when you get to New York," says a friend of mine, "you'd better hit the road."

The mayor of New York once said, "Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City. "He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of "unity" that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century since 1970, the United States admitted about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are purposeful and hard-working, they will help America to make a fresh start in the next century.

The report issued by the Department of Planning of New York

A．put forward ways to control New York's population.

B．concerned itself with the growth of New York's population.

C．studied the structure of New York's population.

D．suggested ways to increase New York's population.

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第10题

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people

are, who they are not, and who they would like to be They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood. and social outlook.

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people's impression to us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests.

People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered. to be more convincing, honest, and competent when riley are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover. many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we fell about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.

In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternative to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorable for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming—shorter hair, moderate use of makeup, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed. "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won't get a job."

According to the passage, the way we dress ______.

A．provides clues for people who are critical of us

B．indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career

C．has a direct influence on the way people regard us

D．is of particular importance when we get on in age

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