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更多“Ordinary officers fired off a string of angry demands to the government, to improve their sta______,”相关的问题
第1题
Text 3
Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson' s trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of thcrimes, he was convicted anyway. Why？ The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes.
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses some-times see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness' s decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the po-lice ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes. .
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identify in dividuals correctly.
American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness' s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred.
In a few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More important ly,it has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people; consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system.
56. Benard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because_________ .
[A] the victims insisted that he was the attacker
[ B] the judge believed in the victims' identification
[ C] the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt
[D] the eyewinesses confirmed the victims' testimony
第2题
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses some times see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness's decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identify in dividuals correctly.
American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness' s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred.
In a few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More importantly, it has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people; consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system.
Benard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because______.
A．the victims insisted that he was the attacker
B．the judge believed in the victims' identification
C．the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt
D．the eyewitnesses confirmed the victims' testimony
第3题
Every summer about a dozen journalists gather at a former army training camp north of London to spend the day watching the training of London's special armed police unit. These are the people who regularly have to tackle the increasing number of criminals who are prepared to carry guns.
The journalists also get a chance to shoot a gun on the practice range—none of it seems that difficult, and we put most of the bullets somewhere on the target. But then we move on to the next stage of the training, where some of the problems, which actually crop up on the street are imitated. The lights on the range are dimmed and we are stood in front of a large screen. We still have guns, but the bullets are fake, and videos are played where actors act out various types of situations.
Does the man holding a woman in front of him really have a gun or not？ Is the man apparently preparing to surrender really going to, or is he going to raise the gun in front of him and shoot？ We have to decide whether to shoot and when, just like the police officer has to when faced with this situation for real. The journalists' results here were not so impressive. I am afraid we killed many an innocent person carrying nothing more lethal than a stick.
The debate over whether more police in Britain should be armed with guns has been going on for years. The current policy is to have a small number of specialists available in each of the 43 police departments in Britain. They are kept up to scratch with intensive and regular training.
But the wisdom of that policy has been questioned as the amount of violence encountered by the police has grown. It is usually the ordinary street officer who is on the wrong end of this, rather than the armed experts who arrive rather later.
To see the direction in which the British police are heading, consider the experience of the Northumbria police who have responsibility for law and order in 5,000 square kilometers of Northeast England. The population is 1.5 million, living in rural areas and a few urban centers. The 3,600 police officers in the force deal with all the typical problems thrown up by the Britain of the 1990s.
John Stevens, head of the Northumbria Police Department, has just published his review of the past years. During 1994, for example, 61 officers (54 men and 7 women) were forced into early retirement after being attacked on duty. Before being allowed to leave the police for medical reasons, they lost between them 12,000 days on sick leave: the equivalent of 50 police officers off the street for a full year.
Stevens makes this observation: "The personal cost of policing has never been so high. One-third of the officers leaving were disabled in the very worst degree and will suffer for the rest of their lives for their efforts in the fight against crime."
This picture of a policeman's lot could be repeated in many other parts of Britain, yet the police themselves still oppose more widespread arming of their officers. The most recent survey, conducted last year, showed that only 46% were in favor.
The general public, however, likes the idea: 67% favored wider issuing of guns. But they, of course, would not have to carry them and maybe even use them. Recalling my own experience shooting a gun on the practice range, I certainly would not want the responsibility.
It is clear to everyone that the police need more protection against the gun and the knife. They already carry longer clubs to replace the old ones. They have access to knife-resistant coats and gloves.
The likely next step is agreement from the government to test pepper spray, an organic substance derived from peppers that disables an attacker if sprayed in his face. If used properly, the discomfort, although extreme, is only temporary. Provided the spray is washed away with water, recovery should be complete within a couple of hours. Unpleasant, certainly, but better than being shot.
Many people in Britain would not mind seeing their police with longer clubs or even pepper spray. They would just like to see them. I have lost count of the times we have been filming police officers on the street when local residents have come up to us and told us it is the first time in weeks they have seen police in the area.
Actually the biggest threat to the traditional image and role of police officers does not come from guns and armed crime but the increase in the tasks we expect the police to carry out. New laws and police priorities are taking up so much time that many forces simply cannot afford to let their officers walk up and down the streets. Politicians are now asking members of the public to watch the streets. In some prosperous areas, local people pay private security firms.
Many officers believe it is all these extra duties, rather than the fear of being shot, that have really changed their role. In future, if you want to know what time it is there might not be much point asking a policeman. He either will not be there to ask or will not have the time to answer. 1． Why do actors act out various types of conditions？ 2． Why did journalists "kill" many innocent persons ？ 3． Why do the police oppose more widespread arming of the officers？ 4． What do people in Britain want about the police officers？ 5． What can you infer from the last sentence？
第4题
Lippetts Hill is the main training centre for the men and women of SO192, the Metropolitan Police Firearms Unit. Journalists are invited to spend the day watching the training these officers receive and talking to them about the problems of being at the sharpest end of British policing. These are the people who regularly have to tackle the increasing number of criminals who are prepared to carry guns. The debate over whether more police in Britain should be armed has been going on for years. The current policy is to have a small number of specialists available in each of the 43 forces in England and Wales. They have to be up to standard by receiving intensive and regular training. But the wisdom of that policy has been questioned as the amount of violence encountered by the police has grown. It is usually the ordinary beat officer(巡警) who is on the wrong end of this rather than the firearms experts who arrive rather later. To see the direction in which British policing is heading, consider the experience of the Northumbria police who have responsibility for law and order in 5,000 sq. km. of North-east England. The population is 1.5 million, living in rural areas and in the large area of Newcastle, Gateshead and Sunderland. The 3,600 police officers in the force deal with all the typical problems left behind by the Britain of the 1990s.
The Chief Constable, John Stevens, has just published his review of the past years. During 1994, for example, 61 officers (54 men and seven women) were forced into early retirement after being assaulted on duty. Before being allowed to leave the police for medical reasons, they lost between them 12,000 days on sick leave: the equivalent of 50 constables off the street for a full year. Stevens makes this observation: "The personal cost of policing has never been so high. One third of the officers leaving sustained the very worst degrees of disablement and will suffer for the rest of their lives for their efforts in the fight against crime."
This picture of a policeman's lot could be repeated in many other parts of Britain, yet the police themselves still oppose more widespread arming of their officers. The most recent survey, conducted last year, showed that only 46% were in favor.
The general public, however, was more optimistic: 67% favored wider issuing of guns. But they, of course, would not have to carry them and maybe even use them. Recalling my own experience on the practice range, I certainly would not want the responsibility.
It is clear to everyone that the police need more protection against the gun and the knife. They already carry longer batons(一种警棍) to replace the archaic wooden truncheon(一种警棍). They have access to slash-resistant vests and gloves.
The likely next step is agreement from the Government to test the pepper spray, an organic substance derived from peppers which disables an attacker if sprayed in his face. If used properly, the discomfort, although extreme, is only temporary. Provided the spray is washed away with water, recovery should be complete within a couple of hours. Unpleasant, certainly, but better than being shot.
Many people in Britain would not mind seeing their police with longer batons or even pepper sprays; they would just like to see them at all. I have lost count of the times we have been filming bobbies(policemen) on the beat(在巡逻) when local residents have come up to us and told us it is the first time in weeks they have seen police in the area.
Actually the biggest threat to the traditional image and role does n
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第5题
听力原文：(A) Police officers are getting into their vehicles.
(B) Police officers are driving their vehicles.
(C) Police officers are standing near their vehicles.
(D) Police officers are backing up their vehicles.
第7题
Firewalls may best be compared to ______.
A．customs officers B．firemen
C．doctors D．repairmen
第8题
A.officials
B.government
C.officers
D.authority
第9题
Police officers working on the murder have questioned hundreds of families.
A．asked
B．demanded
C．inquired
D．requested
第10题
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
