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Psychologists still wonder if some personality traits are inborn.
A．interminable
B．inadvertent
C．innate
D．inevitable
答案
更多“Psychologists still wonder if some personality traits are inborn.A．interminableB．inadverte”相关的问题
第1题
请根据短文内容，回答题。
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.＜br＞
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.＜br＞
These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.＜br＞
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brain of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.＜br＞
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn&39;t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn&39;t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.＜br＞
These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.＜br＞
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one .part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的), and naturalistic.
What is the main idea of this passage？ 查看材料
A.How to understand intelligence
B.The importance of intelligence
C.The development of intelligence tests
D.How to become intelligent
第2题
请根据短文内容，回答题。
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.＜br＞
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.＜br＞
These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.＜br＞
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.＜br＞
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn&39;t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn&39;t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He think that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.＜br＞
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the Brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的) , and naturalistic.
What is the main idea of this passage？ 查看材料
A.How to understand intelligence
B.The importance of intelligence
C.The development of intelligence tests
D.How to become intelligent
第3题
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 BC.A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.
The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine(血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates’ fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.
Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity(遗传特征), the environment, intelligence , and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.
36.According to Hippocrates’ fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ____.
A.optimistic B.easily angered C.unexcitable D.pessimistic
37.The main idea of this passage is about ____.
A.the complicated factors in determining one’s personality
B.Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its development
C.the past and today of personality classifications and theories
D.different personalities and their details
38.At present, psychologists ____.
A.have common opinion about personality theories and classifications
B.use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theories
C.have abandoned Hippocrates’ fluid theory entirely
D.all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities
39.The third paragraph mainly talks about ____.
A.Hippocrates’ fluid theory
B.scientists’ points of view on Hippocrutes’ fluid theory
C.Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its fate
D.defects in Hippocrates’ fluid theory
40.According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to clas sify personality are ____.
A.one’s born features and needs of love and success
B.one’s height and weight
C.one’s hobbies and ideals
D.the environment and intelligence
第4题
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in. office polities — a better job, a raise, praise — many people are still unable or unwilling — to "play the game".
"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives from the word 'polite'. It can mean lobbying (游说) and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying, to please your superior, and then expecting something in return."
In fact, today, experts define office polities as proper behavior. used to pursue one's own self interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form. of socializing within the office environment — not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform. well on a consistent basis," says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or three can—dates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ablity, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's simple human nature."
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
"Office politics" in the fourth paragraph is used in the passage to refer to______.
A．the political views and beliefs of office workers
B．the interpersonal relationships within a company
C．the various qualities required for a successful career
D．the code of behavior. for company staff
第5题
The most extensive attempt to modify Type A behavioral patterns has been carded out in the San Francisco Bay area, where 600 men who have suffered heart attacks are participating in an ongoing study. The treatment consists of a variety of approaches which are intended to modify both the perception of stress and the reaction to stress.
Subjects have been taught to observe their own behavior. to change and manage their thinking a bout once-stressful occurrences, making them neutral by interpreting them in ways that do not evoke stress. Thus instead of fuming about the time they are wasting in a traffic jam, Type A's ought to think about the opportunity to think over their day's activities. They also have been told to adopt new, relaxing hobbies that are entirely separate from their careers, and they are learning procedures that will al low them to modify their physiological reactions through such techniques as deep muscle relaxation and learning to slow down physical activity.
Still, there is no definitive evidence to date showing that reductions in Type A characteristics result invariably in a decrease in heart disease risk. Moreover, it is unclear just which aspect of Type A behavior. is the crucial one, or whether it is a complex of several behaviors, all part of the Type A pat tern ,that is associated with the increased risk. In other words ,we still do not know specifically what it is about Type A behaviors that leads to heart problems, and until we do, programs that attempt to de crease the risk must use relatively expensive and time-consuming procedures, modifying essentially all manifestations of the Type A pattern. Moreover, programs which emphasize the importance of work and achievement. For these reasons, treatment programs that are designed to alter Type A behaviors may be facing an uphill battle.
Despite the difficulty in implementing treatment programs to reduce the Type A behavior. pattern, such attempts illustrate quite clearly the role that social psychologists can play in the treatment of health problems.
What is the attitude of the author towards the Type A behavior？
A．Optimistic.
B．Worried.
C．Unrealistic.
D．Indifferent.
第6题
The main idea of the quoted blog is that______.
A．some people undergo facial surgery for wrong reasons
B．the patients will eventually find facial surgeries unsatisfying
C．plastic surgery can cause a loss of self identity
D．people"s facial features are important for their self identity
第7题
A psychological research has found that while lies typically take place in a fifth of all 10-minute conversations, the number increases to one in three if the participants have been university or college- educated.
Education gives some people the vocabulary and confidence to deceive. The lies may not be important-so-called white lies--but they are more sophisticated than you might find elsewhere in society.
Other research also implicates the better-educated as more likely to lie. A survey of lies among 500 people showed that more highly trained people could not only make up more lies but also detect them more easily.
Scientists are only starting to study how higher education that emphasizes learning and repeating stories, nurtures(培养) an ability to shape experience and memorize it. There is a connection that may have something to do with the education style. that people receive, but it's still too early to make a conclusion.
Investigation also shows that highly educated government officials who never lied are increasingly rare. The grown-ups who would rather get into difficulties than tell a lie have been replaced by much younger intellectuals who tend to be more ruthless(无情的) and don't care so much about the truth.
"I remember some colleagues boasting about how much money they received for getting a gentleman a passport, and that sort of thing. They looked excited and could not stop themselves, even the graceful ladies." said a retired official. While the better-educated may be more frequent liars, psychologists are also finding that women are starting to overtake men.
It is traditionally viewed that men lie more than women, such as empty boasts about their jobs while women tend to tell untruths only in order to avoid hurting and to protect family members.
This is changing, however. Twenty years ago sociologists at Bath University showed that men would lie up to 10 times as often as women. Five years ago the research result was three times as often. And now the gap has narrowed to a few points: t58% of men and 62% of women said they would lie and cheat in an interview to get a job.
Their research suggests that while men still lie as much as they always have done, women are set to outperform. them in the next decade.
"Storytellers" in the first sentence refers to ______.
A．novelists
B．liars
C．speechmakers
D．college students
第8题
What makes one person more intelligent than another？ (是什么让一个人比另一个人更聪明呢？)What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool？ Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live？ These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.
We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental (done with the mind) exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often, and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.
Parents should also be careful what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as "That was a very clever thing you did" or "You are such a smart child".
1.The questions in the first paragraph are raised to _____.
A.introduce the topic of what makes a clever mind
B.compare Albert Einstein with ordinary people
C.summarise the characters of an intelligent person
D.prove that there are no answers to these questions
2.According to the context we can guess that a genius is ______ while an idiot is ______.
A.a normal person...a funny person
B.a strong person...a weak person
C.a highly intelligent person...a foolish or weak-minded person
D.a famous person...an ordinary person
3.A person ______ is more likely to become a genius.
A.whose parents are clever
B.who often thinks about difficult problems
C.who is often helped by his parents and teachers
D.who is born with a good brain and putting it to active use
4.It is better for parents ______.
A.to praise and encourage their children more often
B.to be hard on their children
C.to leave their children alone with nothing to do
D.to give their children as much help as possible
5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the article？
A.Parents play an important part in their children's growth.
B.The less you use your mind the duller you may become.
C.Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.
D.Parents should always encourage their children.
第10题
Some psychologists claim that people ________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
