债务危机（debt crisis)

的正确性。 It has been said that the debt crisis will hinder economic development in developing countries well after the crisis itself is over．Analyze at least two different reasons to justify this statement．

素可以解释这种差别吗？ To what extent can exchange-rate management and trade policies account for the different performances of Latin America and East Asia．during the debt crisis？Are there other important factors as well to account for this difference？

国家所有制，向以市场为基础，着重于开放和私有企业的方向发展。” Comment on the following statement：“As a result of the debt crisis of the early 1 980s，government throughout Latin America are rejecting inward—looking policies and extensiVe state ownership，for a market-based approach that emphasizes openness and private enterprise．”

而非正式部门的就业增加。如何用每个部门的劳动力市场的制度安排解释这一现象？ Most Latin American countries were affected by the debt crisis of the 1980s．They experienced an important contraction in employment in the formal sector while employment in the informal sector increased．How Call the institutional arrangements of the labor market in each sector be used to explain this phenomenon？

制。整个20世纪80年代，美国银行在伦敦银行业的业务份额大大下降。你能找出这两种现象间的联系吗？

After the developing country debt crisis began in 1982 (see the next chapter)，U.S. bank regulators imposed tighter supervisory restrictions on the lending policies of American banks and their subsidiaries．Over the 1980s，the share of U.S. banks in London banking activity declined．Can you suggest a connection between these two developments？

债务包袱(debt overhang)

债务互换(debt swaps)

债务一股权转换(Debt to Equity Swap)

债务减免(debt reduction)