In the bitter cold, the explorers managed to ____ despite the shorta ge of food

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December（36） early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two（37）, record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever （38）, and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.

Enjoy the snow now, because （39）are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.

EI niuo, Spanish for “the child”, （40） when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the（41 ）energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are （42）with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa（43） dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can （44 ） the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish （45）,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).

apidly. They are no longer restricted by their environment, as they can live in the most hostile of deserts or the bitter cold of Antarctic.Human culture is heavily based on the earth's natural resources -- oil, coal and metals; soil, water and forests. Industrialized society is using increasing amounts of these resources each year. Governments and industrialists strive for economic growth -- for factories and mines to produce more each year than they did in the previous year. But fuels and metals and, to a lesser extent, the soil are nonrenewable resources. Once used they are gone forever. In many cases the lifetime of these resources is coming to an end.Factories and machines create wastes. These wastes are poured into the atmosphere, the water and even into the soil. The damaging effect of this pollution is, in some cases, permanent. To reduce pollution creates further problems. Factories may have to be redesigned or even pulled down. This costs money and may mean loss of livelihood (生计) for many workers.Modern technology is creating an additional problem -- it is making industry more and more automatic (自动化 . This means that fewer and fewer people are needed to operate factories and offices. The consequent loss of jobs is a worldwide problem and western society is still struggling to find the answer.This introduction gives you some idea of the topics to be discussed in detail in this chapter.

1.This passage is most probably written as ____.

A、the beginning part of a certain chapter

B、the middle part of a certain chapter

C、the last part of a certain chapter

D、a self-contained chapter

2.Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage？ ____

A、Natural Resources

B、Industrial Pollution

C、Unemployment

D、Overpopulation

3.The author's purpose in the first paragraph is to tell us the fact that ____.

A、deserts are hostile

B、Antarctic is very cold

C、human beings now inhabit the entire Earth

D、there are many different species on planet Earth

4.According to the passage, some natural resources like fuels and metals ____.

A、are no longer new

B、will never be gone

C、will soon be used up

D、can not be used at present

5.The phrase `strive for' in the second paragraph means ____.

A、fight with each other in order to get'

B、make great efforts to achieve'

C、have a violent struggle because of'

D、suffer a lot from'

6.Which pollution is NOT mentioned in the passage？ ____

A、Air Pollution

B、Water Pollution

C、Soil Pollution

D、Sound Pollution

A.一点

B.苦的

C.大的

D.痛苦的

g through emptiness for 2,000 miles. Driving half of it is plenty, so I've flown to the dead center: the desert town of Alice Springs. North of "the Alice" there's barely a stoplight for 1,000 miles-a-bout the distance from Dallas to Chicago-until the asphalt meets Darwin, on the Timor Sea.

Like Germany's autobahn, the Smart has no speed limit; unlike the autobahn, it's virtually barren. Every 45 minutes or so, a roadhouse appears mirage-like on the horizon, offering gas, beer, motel-style. lodging, and a little "Where ya from, mate？" Aside from that, the land presents itself the way God made it. Hour by hour, sandy red earth gives way to spindly trees, brown escarpments, termite mounds as tall as kindergartners, and not much else. No cell phone coverage, no radio stations. There's nowhere else on earth to be so isolated while on good roads in your aver-age rental car.

The pleasure of a Stuart drive is partly in stumbling across artifacts from man's attempts to make use of the bush. Beside the gas station in Barrow Creek (kilometer 294), a wooden telegraph repeater station from the early 1870s stands abandoned but perfectly preserved by the dry desert air. There's another in the expanse north of Tennant Creek (541). Barely rusted bits of telegraph wire and antique bottles still litter the grounds of both. The eerie ruins at Gorrie Airfield (1,103) once housed 6,500 personnel in World War II. Today, there are ghostly scraps of gray bitumen leading to an old fighter runway that's over a mile long.

The walls inside most of the bush pubs along the highway are stapled over with bras, under-wear, foreign currency, and business cards-a few of mine included-left by visitors from around the world. Basic rooms cost about $ 35; given the volume of cold Victoria Bitter on tap, by bed-time most customers aren't in a state to quibble over thread counts. Just about every pit stop is run by someone who could pass as the main character in a novel.

According to the passage, Darwin in the first paragraph is _______.

A．the name of a well-known scientist.

B．the name of an island in Timor Sea.

C．the name of a city standing at the end of the Smart Highway.

D．the name of a pub in the center of Australian desert.

A．His bitter experience abroad.

B．What he saw in the Asian countries.

C．Made-up stories based on his imagination.

D．The stories about his family.

There are a lot of bitter stories ______ his success.

A．after

B．behind

C．under

D．down

After a bitter struggle the rebels were forced to submit.

A．yield

B．dedicate

C．render

D．incline

The underlined word "perky" means______.

[A] bitter

[B] hard

[C] depressed

[D] lively

A.大量的

B.紧张的；绷紧的

C.痛苦的；愤愤不平的；有苦味的

D.烦闷的；厌烦的

11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.

A endless

B monotonous

C serious

D bitter