Passage Two In agrarian（农业的),pre-industrial Europe, "you&39;d want to wake up ea

Passage Two

In agrarian(农业的),pre-industrial Europe, "you&39;d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you&39;d go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you&39;d have a smaller supper."

This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,&39; says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University in

Peensylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strength-eating family ties.

Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous, increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.

Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It&39;s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices&39; closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can&39;t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan.

What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe？

A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.

B.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.

C.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.

D.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.