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更多“Although young children use large areas of the brain for language processing early”相关的问题
第1题
第2题
听力原文： Although we are told when young that honesty is the best policy, we are often taught the opposite by experience and observation. A child quickly learns that she cannot always tell the truth. For instance, the little girl who tells her great aunt that she's fat and ugly learns that honesty can have some unfortunate results. Similarly the five-year-old who admits to pinching the baby soon has ample evidence that dishonesty might be the real virtue. In addition to her own experience, the child also observes that adults don't practice what they preach about honesty. Any alert child knows by the age of eight that adults really employ the little white lie to serve their own purposes. For instance, a child may hear a parent explain on the phone that his family have a lot of company when the child knows that no one is there but family members. Another child may hear her mother insist that she's terribly glad to see an old friend who has dropped by and then, two hours later, hear her mother complain about her day being interrupted by the visit. As a result, the child learns from watching that dishonesty is the practice even when honesty is the stated policy.
(30)
A．Practice requires him to be honest.
B．Dishonesty is not a virtue.
C．Honesty may make him suffer.
D．Honesty is the best policy.
第3题
听力原文： Every family has its own problems. Here is what one family decided to do about its problems.
A newspaper recently printed an article about a family in the state of Wisconsin. The family's name is Brown. The interesting thing about the family is that it has its own constitution. Young Tim Brown suggested writing one. He is one of six children. The oldest one is 22 years old, and the youngest is seven.
Tim decided that a constitution was needed. Although the members of the family loved each other, they often disagreed. They did not agree about doing the jobs that needed to be done. Which child should wash the dishes？ Which one should clean the house？ Who should cut the grass and set the table？ The answers to these questions were written down. All the children in the family signed the constitution, which named Tim's father and mother as "Presidents for Life".
There is a law about the time when the children in the family must go to bed. According to the constitution, everyone under 14 must go to bed before 10 p.m. As it happens, Tim is 14 years old.
(26)
A．They often fight with each other.
B．There are too many children in the family.
C．Tim hated to do housework.
D．They often have disagreement about important family matters.
第4题
What should the author do when he feels the child is at risk？
A．If the child is too young to handle, he will tell the child's parents.
B．If the child is old enough, he will keep confidentiality.
C．Whether the child is young or old, he will keep confidentiality.
D．Whether the child is young or old, he will tell the child's parents.
第5题
In other cases children are in need of adoption because courts have decided that their birth parents are unable to function adequately. Many of these children are victim of abuse or neglect. Regardless of how children come to need adoption, they are put with adoptive parents through private or public social service agencies. Other adoptions may be arranged independently, as when birth parents and adoptive parents come to know each other outside of an agency and then complete the adoption according to the laws and regulations of their states of residence.
Children from all countries and all walks of life need adopting. Although international adoptions occur, the largest number of adoptions in the United States involve American parents adopting American infants.
In the early 1970s there was a dramatic increase in the number of families seeking to adopt, a condition which persists today. For this reason, the number of those who wish to adopt regularly exceeds the number of infants available. Reasons for this dramatic increase are varied. A major factor has been the choice of many people to delay the start of a family until later in life. Many of these people, in turn, have found themselves to be less fertile at that time, and so they have decided that their desire to have children might best be fulfilled through adoption.
In every state, however, there are children who are legally free to be adopted are desperately waiting for parents. The children in this group are usually older and often have special needs. They may require additional care from a parent because of their physical, emotional, or mental disabilities(which may have been caused by abuse, neglect, or medical or genetic factors). Because of their special needs, these children are challenging to rear. In fact, adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the child and to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society.
The author holds an______ attitude towards adopting children.
A．supportive
B．doubtful
C．negative
D．indifferent
第6题
How Babies Learn Language
During the first year of a child's life, parents and careers are concerned with its physical development; during the second year, they watch the baby's language development very carefully. It is interesting just how easily children learn language. Children who are just three or four years old, who cannot yet tie their shoelaces, are able to speak in full sentences without any specific language training.
The current view of child language development is that it is an instinct—something as natural as eating or sleeping. According to experts in this area, this language instinct is innate—something each of us is born with. But this prevailing view has not always enjoyed widespread acceptance.
In the middle of last century, experts of the time, including a renowned (著名的) professor at Harvard University in the United States, regarded child language development as the process of learning through mere repetition. Language "habits" developed as young children were rewarded for repeating language correctly and ignored or punished when they used incorrect forms of language. Over time, a child, according to this theory, would learn language much like a dog might learn to behave properly through training.
Yet even though the modern view holds that language is instinctive, experts like Assistant Professor Lise Eliot are convinced that the interaction a child has with its parents and caregivers is crucial to its developments. The language of the parents and caregivers act as models for the developing child. In fact, a baby's day-to-day experience is so important that the child will learn to speak in a manner very similar to the model speakers it hears.
Given that the models parents provide are so important, it is interesting to consider the role of "baby talk" in the child's language development. Baby talk is the language produced by an adult speaker who is trying to exaggerate certain aspects of the language to capture the attention of a young baby.
Dr Roberta Golinkoff believes that babies benefit from baby talk. Experiments show that immediately after birth babies respond more to infant-directed talk than they do to adult-directed talk. When using baby talk, people exaggerate their facial expressions, which helps the baby to begin to understand what is being communicated. She also notes that the exaggerated nature and repetition of baby talk helps infants to learn the difference between sounds. Since babies have a great deal of information to process, baby talk helps. Although there is concern that baby talk may persist too long, Dr Golinkoff says that it stops being used as the child gets older, that is, when the child is better able to communicate with the parents.
Professor Jusczyk has made a particular study of babies' ability to recognize sounds, and says they recognize the sound of their own names as early as four and a half months. Babies know the meaning of Mummy and Daddy by about six months, which is earlier than was previously believed. By about nine months, babies begin recognizing frequent patterns in language. A baby will listen longer to the sounds that occur frequently, so it is good to frequently call the infant by its name.
An experiment at Johns Hopkins University in USA, in which researchers went to the homes of 16 nine-month-olds, confirms this view. The researchers arranged their visits for ten days out of a two week period. During each visit the researcher played an audio tape that included the same three stories. The stories included odd words such as "python" or "hornbill", words that were unlikely to be encountered in the babies' everyday experience. After a couple of weeks during which nothing was done, the babies were brought to the research lab, where they listened to two recorded lists of words. The first list included words heard in the story. The second included s
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第7题
Young as he is．the child has developed the ability to look at things_________(从成人的角度)．
第9题
The Key to Success
A five-year study of 120 of the nation's top artists, athletes and scholars has concluded that drive and determination, not great natural talent, led to their extraordinary success.
"We expected to find tales of great natural gifts," said University of Chicago education professor Benjamin Bloom, who led the team of researchers who studies the careers of America's top performers, "We didn't find that at all. Their mothers often said it was their other child who had the greater gifts."
The most brilliant mathematicians often said they had trouble in school and were rarely the best in their classes. Some world-class tennis players said their coaches viewed them as being too short ever to be outstanding, and the Olympic swimmers said they remembered getting regularly "clobbered"(打垮) in races as 10-year olds.
Anonymous Interviews
The foundation-supported research team conducted in-depth, anonymous interviews with the top 20 performers in the some fields, as judged by national championships or similar honors.
They also interviewed their families and teachers, hoping to learn how these individuals developed into extraordinary performers.
Instead, the researcher heard accounts of an extraordinary drive and dedication through which, for example, a typical swimmer would tell of getting up at 5:30 every morning to swim two hours before school and then two hours after school to attain his or her goal of making the Olympic team.
Bloom, an eminent educational researcher, said his findings "remind me of the old joke about the young man walking down a New York street who stops to ask a little old lady, 'How do I get to Carnegie Hall？' and she looks up and says, 'Practice, young man. Practice.'"
Although practice and motivation seemed to explain their success, the top performers, regardless of their field, appeared to follow a similar course of development, the researchers found.
In practically every case, the parents played the key role, first by exposing their children at an early age to music, sports or learning. The vast majority of the parents were not themselves outstanding musicians, athletes or scholars. For example, few than half of the parents of the distinguished pianists had ever played any musical instrument.
Valued Competition
But the parents of the swimmer and tennis players did enjoy sports and valued competition, Bloom reported. The families of the pianists appreciated art and music, while the parents of the research scientists displayed a great love for learning.
The parents of scientists reported that their children showed both an unusual curiosity about how things work and an "independent nature" that allowed them to play or work alone for hours.
Although it is not uncommon for children to ask repeatedly "Why？", "What appears to make the parents of scientists unique is the nature of their children's questions," Bloom wrote, "They responded to the questions seriously, often encouraging even more questions."
"These parents placed great stress on achievement, on success and on doing one's best at all times. They were models of the 'work ethic', believing that work should come before play and that one should always work toward distant goals." Bloom said. The results of the research will be published this week in a book entitled Developing Talent in Young People.
The families said in the interviews that they wanted their children to have "normal" childhoods and that they had no inkling(略知) that the children would achieve unusual success.
Parents Encouraged Them
But once a child displayed an interest and enthusiasm in a particular area, these parents encouraged them at every step and were willing to spend countless hours shuttling them to and from piano, tennis or swimming lessons.
&n
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第10题
The child is ______ young to dress himself.
A．so
B．very
C．too
第11题
A.As they are young
B.As young are they
C.Young as they are
D.Young although they are
